RU2191960C1 - Way to remove powder gases from combat compartment while artillery gun fires and device for its realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment, self-propelled artillery mounts, tanks, infantry combat vehicles, shipboard artillery installations. SUBSTANCE: characteristic feature of invention lies in that recoiled parts of gun together with empty case are set in rear position on sear after shot. Gun is turned through angle of throw of case, hatch in turret of combat compartment is open. Mobile parts of gun are removed from sear and empty case is extracted beyond limits of combat compartment with counterrecoil of mobile parts. Gas flow in this case entrained by empty case is directed into hatch. Gun is transferred through loading angle and hatch is closed. Mechanism for removal of powder gases from gun barrel comes in the form of enclosure mounted on top of turret of combat compartment for entry of breech end of gun inside enclosure when angle of throw of case is achieved. EFFECT: reduced content of gases in combat compartment when artillery gun fires and provision for autonomous ejection of empty case beyond limits of turret of combat compartment with use of energy of recoiled parts of gun. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to military equipment and may find application in self-propelled artillery installations, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles and naval artillery installations.

A known method and automatic system of quenching charge in the barrel of an artillery gun (1). The method includes the following operation:
- after firing a shot from an artillery gun, liquid is injected into the barrel bore to extinguish elements of a propellant explosive charge that are not completely burnt when fired.

 The method is implemented in an automatic system that contains a container for liquid, a mechanism for supplying it and a pneumatic or electric energy source that ensures its operation. The mechanism provides the injection of fluid into the breech of the gun barrel in the zone of the projectile and the propellant explosive charge.

 The disadvantage of this method and device for its implementation is the presence of an external power source with a drive. Under emergency operating conditions of the gun (lack of air, power supply), poisoning of the crew of the fighting compartment by powder gases is possible.

 There is a method of removing powder gases from the barrel of an artillery gun when firing shell-loading shots (2), in which compressed gas is supplied in the region of the bottom of the cartridge from a source of compressed gas located in the cartridge, between the moment the projectile leaves the barrel and the moment the cartridge exits completely from the breech in the process of extraction.

 The disadvantage of this method is an increase in weight and a decrease in the volume of the powder charge of the shot.

A known method and device for blowing the bore of the gun barrel of the T-62 tank (3), we have chosen for the prototypes. The method includes the following operations:
- after firing, part of the powder gases is directed from the bore to the blowing mechanism (ejector) located on the gun’s barrel;
- extract the spent sleeve when rolling the moving parts of the gun on the receiving tray of the ejection mechanism;
- remove powder gases from the bore through the muzzle through ejection. Gunpowder gases exit the nozzle openings of the purge mechanism and carry gunpowder gases from the bore;
- raise the spent sleeve to the ejection line and open the ejection current in the tower:
- remove the spent sleeve outside the tower;
- close the ejection hatch.

 The method is implemented in the design of the gun mount, which includes a blowing mechanism and an ejection mechanism.

 An ejector-type blowdown mechanism is located on the gun’s barrel and serves to remove powder gases from the barrel bore after firing and to reduce the gas contamination of the tank’s fighting compartment. The blowing mechanism consists of a receiver, a nut, two half rings, a key, six nozzle holes and a retainer comb with two bolts.

 The receiver consists of a casing, front and rear necks. The receiver is put on the pipe and the nut is tightened all the way to the barrel shoulder. The internal cavity of the receiver communicates with the bore by six inclined holes with nozzles. The nozzles are screwed into the threaded holes of the barrel. The blowing mechanism operates as follows. When fired, after passing through the nozzle holes with the obturating belt of the projectile, part of the powder gases rushes into these holes and fills the cavity of the receiver. The outflow of gases from the barrel channel into the receiver cavity will occur until the pressure equalization in the barrel channel and in the receiver cavity.

 Starting from the moment the projectile leaves the bore, the gas pressure in the bore drops sharply.

 When pressure drops in the barrel channel, gases from the receiver cavity under the pressure created there at the initial moment begin to flow out through the nozzle holes in the direction of the muzzle of the barrel due to the inclination of the holes, while the gases present in the barrel channel are sucked out.

 After extraction from the bore, the spent sleeve falls onto the ejection tray. The ejection mechanism is installed on the cannon guard and is designed to automatically remove the shell casings after firing outside the fighting compartment over the entire range of vertical and horizontal gun pointing angles. It consists of a fence, a frame, a grip, a sleeve with a cocking and reset lock, a grip cocking mechanism with a copier and rod, a frame locking device with a hook, a rod and a spring, a frame drive with a rod and levers, a frame reducer with an electric motor, a sunroof with a drive , copier, sunroof reducer with electric motor, control box and wiring kit.

 The extractable sleeve, having hit the receiving tray, flanges into the bevels of the gripping hooks and, overcoming the resistance of the springs, pushes them to the sides. At the same time, rubber buffers limit the spread of the hooks to the sides and thereby ensure reliable retention of the sleeve after passing it over the gripping hooks.

 When flange hits the rear wall of the fence, the sleeve includes a start button for the electrical circuit. The hatch opens in the tower and the frame is lifted to the discharge line.

 The frame with the sleeve is raised until the cam touches the plane of the copier and turns on the limit switch for raising the frame.

 When the frame with the sleeve against the hatch is located in the tower, a switch is turned on, which supplies voltage to the discharge electromagnet, which releases the grip with hooks from holding it with a finger. By the force of the cocked torsion bar and springs, the sleeve is thrown out through the hatch.

 After ejection of the sleeve, the frame lowers to its original position and the hatch in the tower closes.

The disadvantages of this method and the gun installation for its implementation are:
- increased gas contamination in the fighting compartment when firing guns, since the powder gases contained in the sleeve during the extraction operations on the receiving tray of the ejection mechanism and lifting to the ejection line have time to fill the fighting compartment;
- incomplete blowing of the bore as the nozzle holes of the blowing mechanism become dirty;
- the presence of an external power source with drives (frame and discharge hatch, discharge electromagnet), which under emergency operating conditions of the gun (lack of power supply) do not provide ejection of the spent sleeve.

 The objective of the invention is to reduce the gas contamination of the fighting compartment when firing an artillery gun, as well as providing an autonomous ejection of the spent sleeve outside the tower of the fighting compartment using the energy of the recoil parts of the gun.

 The problem is solved in that in the method of removing powder gases from the fighting compartment when firing from an artillery gun, including extracting a spent cartridge case, ejecting the barrel bore and removing the cartridge case outside the turret, the retractable parts of the weapon along with the cartridge case are installed in the rear position on the sear. The gun is deployed to the ejection angle of the sleeve and open the ejection hatch in the tower of the fighting compartment. The movable parts of the gun are discarded from the sear and, when the moving parts are rolled over, the spent sleeve is extracted outside the fighting compartment. At the same time, the gas flow, carried away by the sleeve, is directed into the discharge hatch. The gun is moved to the loading angle and the ejection hatch is closed.

 The method is implemented by the fact that in a gun installation containing an artillery gun installed in the fighting compartment, the mechanism for removing powder gases from the channel of the gun barrel and the ejection mechanism, the mechanism for removing powder gases and the channel of the gun barrel is made in the form of a casing mounted on the roof of the tower of the fighting compartment with the possibility of the breech of the gun entering the casing at the angle of ejection of the sleeve. The casing is installed with the possibility of directing the gas flow from the bore to the barrel ejection hatch. The mechanism of the ejection of the sleeve outside the fighting compartment is made in the form of spring-loaded levers-extractors pivotally mounted on the breech of the gun.

 The invention is illustrated in graphic materials. In Fig.1 shows a mechanism for removing powder gases from the channel of the barrel of the gun, Fig. 2 - the mechanism of ejection of the sleeve outside the fighting compartment.

 A device that implements the method consists of an artillery gun 1 (Fig. 1, 2) installed in the tower 2 of the fighting compartment. The design of the mechanism for removing powder gases from the channel of the gun barrel is shown in FIG. 1. The casing 3 connects the cavity of the breech 4 with the hatch ejection sleeve, which is made in the rear wall of the tower 2. The casing 3 is mounted on the roof of the tower 2 of the fighting compartment. In the casing 3 there is a cutout "a", which includes the breech of the gun 1 when it is installed at the angle of ejection of the sleeve. The other end of the casing 3 is made in the form of a hatch ejection sleeve.

 The design of the mechanism of the ejection of the sleeve outside the fighting compartment is shown in figure 2. On the breech 4 are pivotally mounted two symmetrically arranged levers-extractors 6, spring-loaded relative to the breech 4 by springs 7. The levers-extractors 6 interact with the shutter 8 of the gun 1.

 Gun installation works as follows. After the shot, the moving parts of the gun 1, including breech 4, are rolled back and mounted on the sear. When this shutter 8 (figure 2) is closed (in the upper position), the sleeve 9 is in the chamber of the barrel. To eject the spent sleeve 9, the gun 1 is rotated around the axis of the pins and is installed at the angle of ejection of the sleeve. This opens the cover 5 of the sleeve ejection manhole. After resetting the moving parts from the pinch, the shutter 8 opens and interacts with the extractor levers 6 in the lower position, which remove the spent sleeve 9 and throw it outside the tower 2 through the hatch "b". In this case, after the sleeve into the hatch "b" through the casing 3 unburned powder gases rush from the bore, since a turbulent flow forms behind the moving sleeve.

 Thus, the proposed method and device for its implementation can reduce the gas contamination of the fighting compartment when firing an artillery gun and provide an autonomous ejection of the spent sleeve outside the tower of the fighting compartment.

Sources of information
1. Patent 5511456 dated 04/04/95, USA, cl. F 41 H 7/03 - analogue.

 2. Patent 1745148 dated 04/05/91, SU, class. F 42 V 5/00, F 41 A 13/06 - analogue.

 3. 125-mm tank guns 2A26 (D-81) and 2A26M2. Technical description and instruction manual, parts 1, 2, 3, 4. Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, Moscow, 1974, pp. 12-13 - prototype.

 4. Guidance on the material part and operation of the T-62 tank. Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, Moscow, 1968, pp. 79-91 - prototype.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of removing powder gases from the fighting compartment when firing from an artillery gun, including extracting a spent cartridge case, ejecting a barrel bore and removing the cartridge case outside the turret, characterized in that after the shot, the retractable parts of the weapon along with the cartridge case are installed in the rear position on the sear, then the cannon is deployed at the angle of ejection of the cartridge case and the ejection hatch is opened in the tower of the fighting compartment, after that the movable parts of the cannon are dropped from the sear and, when the moving parts are rolled, the fired cartridge is extracted beyond s crew compartment, wherein the gas stream is fed, entrained in the sleeve, the hatch output, and then converted by an angle instrument loading and ejection closed hatch.  2. A gun installation containing an artillery gun mounted in the fighting compartment, a mechanism for removing powder gases from the channel of the gun barrel and a mechanism for ejecting shells, characterized in that the mechanism for removing powder gases from the channel of the gun barrel is made in the form of a casing mounted on the roof of the tower of the fighting compartment with the possibility of entering the breech of the gun into the casing at the angle of ejection of the sleeve and the direction of the gas flow from the breech of the bore to the ejection hatch, while the mechanism of ejection of the sleeve beyond the combat the division is made in the form of spring-loaded levers-extractors pivotally mounted on the breech of the gun.

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