RU2191799C2 - Method of briquetting ligno-containing materials and complex of means for method embodiment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of molded articles from ligno-containing materials; applicable in communal-general and industrial needs. SUBSTANCE: method includes dosing of materials, their supply to press, treatment with steam at temperature of 100-250 C for destruction of cell walls and separation of cell contents of ligno-containing material. Pressing chamber is preliminarily heated up to 300 C. Treatment with steam is carried out under pressure of 2-25 gage atmospheres in pressing process. Steam is supplied by cycles. Total time of steam supply and cessation of supply equals to time of pressing. Beginning of steam supply corresponds to time of starting pressing of material to be briquetted. Complex of means for briquetting of ligno-containing materials includes bin, dosing apparatus, press which body is made in the form of truncated cone accommodating auger, changeable pressing chamber which configuration corresponds to that of pressed article. Made in side pressing chamber is at least one groove connected with at least one calibrated hole for steam supply which is communicated by means of connecting holes to steam generator. EFFECT: higher economical efficiency of method due to its simplification and simultaneous increase of its quality, extended field of application. 4 cl, 4 dwg, 4 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the production of molded products from lignin-containing materials and can be used for domestic and industrial needs.

 A known method of producing fuel briquettes, including dosing, grinding, sieving, drying, mixing and pressing peat, lignin and coal (see ed. St. 1544789, C 10 F 7/06, from 04.25.88, publ. 23.02 .90).

 The disadvantage of this method is the lack of quality and limited scope (to obtain fuel briquettes).

There is also a method of manufacturing fuel briquettes from wood waste, including grinding wood waste, processing up to 300 ^o With superheated steam in the filtering mode and subsequent pressing (see RF patent 2046821, C 10 L 5/44, from 12.08.92, publ. 10.27.95, prototype).

 The disadvantage of this method is the limited list of materials used for pressing, the complexity of its implementation and a narrow scope, mainly for producing fuel briquettes.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the method by simplifying it while improving quality, expanding the scope of application.

The task is carried out by a method of briquetting ligno-containing materials, including dosing them, feeding them to a press, steam treatment at a temperature of 100-250 ^° C and pressing, according to the invention, the pressing chamber is preheated to a temperature of 300 ^° C, steam treatment is carried out in the pressing process when steam is supplied under pressure of 2-25 atmospheres, the steam supply is carried out cyclically so that the start of the steam supply corresponds to the start time of pressing the briquetted material, then the steam supply is stopped, and the total the time of steam supply and the termination of steam supply is equal to the pressing time and the time of steam supply is 5-15 s less than the pressing time.

 A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype allows you to highlight the features that distinguish the proposed method from the prototype, which meets the criterion of "novelty."

 Analysis of technical solutions did not reveal among them solutions that match the distinguishing features of the proposed method, which meets the criterion of "inventive step".

 The method is as follows.

The source material is poured into the hopper, from where it is dispensed into the press, where, with the help of a screw, it enters the pressing chamber, with its configuration corresponding to the configuration of the pressed product. The pressing chamber is preheated to 300 ^° C. At the time of briquetting, steam is supplied to break down the cell walls and isolate the contents of the cells, with a pressure of 2-25 atm and a temperature of 100-250 ^{° C.} The steam is supplied cyclically, and the total time of steam supply and termination of supply is the time of formation of the briquetted product. The beginning of the steam supply corresponds to the start time of the formation of the briquetted product, and the duration of the steam supply depends on the mass and composition of the briquetted product and select it experimentally.

 A vapor pressure of 2-25 atmospheres is optimal for this process. It contributes to the destruction of cell walls and the adhesion of ligno-containing material, increasing the strength of the resulting product. When the pressure drops below 2 atm, the process of saturation of the material with steam stops, and therefore, the main function of the steam is stopped - penetration of the material.

 With an increase in pressure of more than 25 atm, a significant increase in energy costs occurs, which makes the process expensive.

The minimum process temperature of 100 ^o With is the minimum temperature of active vaporization. Above 250 ^o With heating is also impractical, since a noticeable improvement in the passage of the pressing process does not occur.

 The steam supply time is 5-15 s less than the pressing time, it is chosen experimentally and is optimal. When the gap decreases to less than 5 s, the quality of the product sharply deteriorates due to breaks in the material by steam, since the time interval for steam to exit the product is small. When the gap increases for more than 15 s, the product sticks to the pressing chamber, which reduces the quality of the products and can lead to breakage of the press.

Example 1. The source material, sawdust of hardwood with a moisture content of 10%, is loaded into a hopper, from where it is dispensed into a press and by a screw into a pressing chamber previously heated to 300 ^o C. At the beginning of briquetting steam is supplied with a pressure of 5-10 ati and a temperature of 120 ^o C Briquetting time 30 s. Steam 15 sec. Get a briquette with a moisture content of 6-8% with a glossy surface, very dense, suitable for fuel.

Example 2. Take 20 kg of crushed straw with a particle size of 3-5 mm, a moisture content of 18%, loaded into the hopper, from where the batcher is fed into the press and auger into the pressing chamber. Pre-heating of the chamber is 300 ^o C. At the beginning of briquetting, steam is supplied with a pressure of 10-12 ati and a temperature of 180-200 ^o C. The briquetting time is 30 s. Steam 20 sec. Get a briquette with a moisture content of 10%, suitable for fuel.

Example 3. The source material - sawdust of coniferous and deciduous species with a moisture content of 12%, 20 kg, is loaded into a hopper, from where it is dispensed into a press and auger into a pressing chamber. The chamber is preheated at 300 ^° C. At the beginning of briquetting, steam is supplied with a pressure of 20-25 ati and a temperature of 245-250 ^° C. The briquetting time is 30 s. Steam 25 s. A skirting board product is formed. The resulting product is highly durable, has a glossy surface. Humidity 8%.

Example 4. The starting material is lignin with a moisture content of 12%. Take 20 kg, load into the hopper, from where the dispenser serves in the press and auger - into the pressing chamber. Preheating of the chamber 300 ^o C.

At the beginning of briquetting, steam is supplied with a pressure of 2-4 ati and a temperature of 115-210 ^o C. The pressing time is 30 s. Steam 25 s. Get a fuel briquette with a moisture content of 8%.

 Upon completion of the formation of the briquette, which corresponds to the configuration of the pressing chamber with its configuration, the next briquette is formed, and at the beginning of the formation of the briquette, the steam supply cycle is repeated. The duration of the steam supply depends on the mass and composition of the briquetted product, and breaks in the steam supply are from 5 to 25 s depending on the size of the briquetted product, as well as the mass and composition of the briquetted product.

 Thus, the proposed method allows to obtain products from lignin-containing materials of a wide range of applications for both domestic and industrial needs, as well as allowing, with sufficient economy, to obtain high-quality durable goods.

 A device for briquetting fuel briquettes containing a hopper, a dispenser, a compression chamber, a rotating stamp with working elements made on its surface, making a helical movement (see ed. St. 1249058, C 10 F 7/04, E 21 C 49 / 00, from 12.09.80, publ. 07.08.86).

 The disadvantage of this device is the insufficient quality of the obtained briquettes, low density of the material, which leads to a limitation of the use of products.

 Known briquetting press containing a hopper, a dispenser, a pressing chamber with slit-like channels in its wall (see ed. St. 1660988, 30 V 9/28, from 08.25.89, publ. 07.07.91, prototype).

 The disadvantage of this device is the narrow range of materials used and the narrow scope of the application of products from these materials, as well as insufficient quality, design complexity.

 The objective of the invention is to simplify the design, as well as expanding the scope of products from ligno-containing materials while improving the quality of the products.

 The problem is solved by a set of means for briquetting ligno-containing materials, including a hopper, a dispenser, a press, a pressing chamber forming an internal cavity with gas exhaust channels, according to the invention, a housing with an auger housed in it, the pressing chamber is replaceable, with its configuration corresponding to the configuration of the pressed product, and inside the chamber is made of at least one groove communicated with at least one calibrated hole for supplying steam, which communicates with the steam generator with connecting hoses.

 According to the invention, helical channels for the exit of gases are made in a forming rod connected to the press screw.

 According to the invention, the channels for the exit of gases are made in the form of a snake inside the chamber.

 A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype allows you to highlight the features that distinguish the proposed complex from the prototype, which meets the criterion of "novelty."

 The analysis of technical solutions did not reveal among them solutions that coincided with the distinguishing features of the proposed complex, which meets the criterion of "inventive step".

 This complex is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 a general view of the complex is shown, in Fig. 2 is a forming rod, in Fig. 3 is a pressing chamber, in Fig. 4 are samples of the obtained product profiles.

 The complex (Fig. 1) consists of a hopper 1, dispenser 2, press 3, the housing 4 of which is made in the form of a truncated cone with a screw 5 placed in it, a replaceable pressing chamber 6, its configuration corresponding to the configuration of the pressed product, in the inner cavity 7 of the pressing chamber 6, at least one groove 8 is made, connected to at least one calibrated hole 9 for supplying steam, which communicates via connecting hoses 10 with a steam generator 2. In addition, the screw 5 of the press 3 (figure 2) is connected to forming rod 12, on which Hur formed helical channels 13 for the gas outlet. In the inner cavity 7 of the pressing chamber 6 (Fig. 3), channels 14 are made, for example, in the form of a snake for the release of gases.

 The complex works as follows.

The source material is poured into the hopper 1, from where the batcher 2 is fed into the press 3 and placed in the housing 4 by a screw 5 into the pressing chamber 6. Before pressing, the pressing chamber 6 is heated to 300 ^o With a heater, for example, a heater (not shown). At the beginning of briquetting, for the destruction of the cell walls, the separation of the contents of the cells and the adhesion of materials, steam is supplied with a pressure of 0.1-25 ati and a temperature of 100-250 ^o C through a calibrated hole 9 connected to the steam generator 11 using connecting hoses 10. The steam diverges along the groove 8 and penetrates evenly the entire mass of the pressed material. The duration of the steam supply depends on the mass and composition of the briquetted product and is selected experimentally. The total time of steam supply and cessation of supply is equal to the formation time of the briquetted product.

 For example, the source material is sawdust of hardwood. Pressing time 30 s, steam supply 15 s (example 1).

 The source material is crushed straw, 20 kg. Press time 30 s. Steam supply 20 s (example 2).

The briquetting process takes place at high temperatures (300 ^o C), there is a decomposition of materials with the release of gases, which are discharged through the exhaust channels 13, 14. Exhaust steam is also removed from the pressing chamber 6 using the exhaust channels 13, 14.

 At the end of the briquetting process, the products are obtained with a configuration corresponding to the configuration of the pressing chamber 6 (Fig. 4 - profile samples) with a glossy surface, of high quality and necessary strength.

 Thus, the proposed method of briquetting ligno-containing materials and a set of means for its implementation allow to obtain briquetted products with a given profile and the necessary strength characteristics, and therefore use them not only as fuel, but also as building material.

Claims (4)

1. A method of briquetting ligno-containing materials, including dispensing them, feeding them to a press, steam treatment at a temperature of 100-250 ^° C and pressing, characterized in that the pressing chamber is preheated to a temperature of 300 ^° C, steam treatment is carried out during the pressing process when steam is supplied under a pressure of 2-25 psi, the steam supply is carried out cyclically so that the start of the steam supply corresponds to the time of pressing the briquetted material, then the steam supply is stopped, and the total time of steam supply and eniya steam still pressing time and time steam 5-15 with less press time.  2. A set of means for briquetting ligno-containing materials, including a hopper, a dispenser, a press, a pressing chamber forming an internal cavity with gas exhaust channels, characterized in that the press body is made in the form of a truncated cone with a screw located in it, the pressing chamber is interchangeable, its configuration the corresponding configuration of the molded product, and at least one groove is made inside the chamber, communicating with at least one calibrated hole for supplying steam, which communicates with by the blower using connecting hoses.  3. The complex of tools according to claim 2, characterized in that the spiral channels for the exit of gases are made in a forming rod connected to the press screw.  4. The complex of tools according to claim 2, characterized in that the channels for the exit of gases are made in the form of a snake inside the chamber.

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