RU2188723C1 - Pneumatic separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry. SUBSTANCE: pneumatic separator has separating chamber comprised of funnels inserted one into another, upper charging branch pipe, air supply branch pipe, upper and lower discharge branch pipes. Outer funnel is mounted for rotation and is equipped with fan wheel positioned on its upper base and flow cutoffs made in the form of truncated cones and fixed on its internal surface. Distributing ring is positioned on charging branch pipe ends inside separating chamber. Upper discharge branch pipe is connected to discharge device having bias-truncated cylinders inserted one inside another, tailings discharge branch pipe and air discharge branch pipe, the latter being mounted on cylinder upper parts. Pneumatic separator may be used for classification by density and for concentration of minerals. EFFECT: increased efficiency, enhanced reliability in operation and improved quality of separation. 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of classification and mineral processing.

 Bulk-type pneumatic separators are known, for example, a Polisius [Neubeckum] type B cone separator, consisting of a mold body connected by a double cone base, with an upper feed opening, a swirl for loosening the incoming feed material, coaxially mounted inside the hollow double cone so that of the upper part, the narrowing gap formed between them is an acceleration channel and a diffuser sharply expanding at the end of the channel, forming a separation zone at the base of the upper cone, and the gap in the lower part of the double cone is divided into chambers of coarse-grained and thin material [1].

 The disadvantage of this separator is a very limited separation zone, which reduces the efficiency of separation by size and especially density.

 Closest to the proposed invention is a Humboldt type separator, the separation chamber of which consists of two cones inserted into each other: external and internal, on the inclined surface of which particles are separated by size and density. In the upper part of the separator, rotating deflector blades are installed that regulate the movement of air flow in the working chambers. Light material is removed through the upper discharge pipe, the source material is fed through the top of the outer cone [2].

 The disadvantage of this separator is the inefficiency of density separation. Such separators are mainly used to classify the grinding products of non-metallic minerals.

 The effectiveness of air separation in density is achieved in the proposed pneumatic separator with a separation chamber, which consists of funnels inserted into each other, an upper loading nozzle and a nozzle for supplying air, upper and lower discharge nozzles, characterized in that the outer funnel is mounted for rotation and is made with a fan wheel on the upper base and flow shutoffs made in the form of truncated cones and fixed on its inner surface, inside the separation chamber, a distribution ring is installed at the end of the loading nozzles, the upper discharge nozzle is connected to a discharge device made of oblique truncated cylinders inserted into each other, tail and exhaust nozzles, while the exhaust nozzle is installed on the upper part of the cylinders and connected to the cyclone to capture the fine fraction.

 Comparative analysis with an analogue shows that in the proposed embodiment, the separation process is fundamentally changed, because in contrast to the analogue, separation efficiency is achieved by dividing the source material throughout the volume of the separation chamber. Moreover, the separation zone is significantly increased and the combination of the action of the air flow and the rotation of the outer cone contributes not only to the separation of the mineral mixture in size, but also in density.

 Therefore, the present invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

 In the known separator, selected as a prototype, the mechanics are designed so that light particles are removed through the upper discharge pipe, and coarse particles that have passed into the inner cone are periodically returned to the separation process into the inter-cone space. Part of the large grains in this case is carried away by the air flow and carried out into the inner cone, thereby making useless circular motion. In the proposed embodiment, the surface of the outer funnel due to rotation turns into a working body, and the resulting centrifugal forces contribute to the separation of the source material not only in size but also in density. A distinctive feature of the separation process in the proposed embodiment is that the separation products do not return back to the process, but are removed from the separator through the lower discharge pipe. A finely dispersed (dust-like) fraction is removed through the upper discharge pipe, which is then usually sent to a dust suppression system. Thus, a comparative analysis allows us to conclude that the criterion of "inventive level".

 The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which schematically shows a General view of the air separator.

 The pneumatic separator consists of a rotating funnel 1 of a parabolic shape, a fixed funnel 2, a pipe for supplying an air stream 3, a baffle plate for the air stream 4, cutoff valves for the air mixture 5 attached to a rotating funnel, supply pipes 6, a distribution ring 7, a fan wheel 8, a spiral protrusion 9 , unloading device 10, tail pipe branch 11, pipe branch for air-dust mixture 12, pipe branch pipe 13, equipped with an exhaust valve 14, frame 15.

 The pneumatic separator works as follows: the funnel 1 is rotationally driven. Air is pumped through the nozzle 3, which is directed by the baffle plate 4 into the space between the movable 1 and the stationary 2 funnels. The material to be classified is fed through the nozzles of the feeder 6 to the distribution ring 7 rotating together with the external funnel and discarded to the wall. The fan wheel 8, attached to a rotating funnel, sucks the air-sand mixture into the discharge device 10, which is two truncated inserted into each other at an angle to the horizontal plane of the cylinder. The dust particles are picked up by the air flow and in suspension are guided through the pipe 12 to the cyclone. Sandy material enters the drive of the tail pipe 11.

 Large particles are pressed by centrifugal force to the surface of a rotating funnel, on which minerals are separated by density and size. The particles with the highest density, overcoming the oncoming flow of the air-sand mixture, slide down the spiral ledge 9 and fall into the schlump drain 13, where the concentrate is discharged through the valve as it accumulates 14. Maintaining a certain height of the concentrate column is necessary to prevent loss of air pressure through the schlump drain . The results of studies conducted on a pneumatic separator, with an artificial mixture of sand with gold particles are given in table. 1.

Literature
1. Kaiser W. Proceedings of the European meeting on grinding. - M .: Subsoil. - 1966. - S.543-545.

 2. Smyshlyaev G.K. Air classification in mineral processing technology. - M .: Subsoil. - 1969. - S. 48-49.

Claims (1)

 A pneumatic separator with a separation chamber, which consists of funnels inserted into each other, an upper loading nozzle and an air nozzle, upper and lower discharge nozzles, characterized in that the external funnel is mounted for rotation and is made with a fan wheel on the upper base and flow shutoffs made in the form of truncated cones and fixed on its inner surface, inside the separation chamber, at the end of the loading nozzles, a distribution ring is installed Upper discharge conduit connected with an unloading device made of inserted into each other kosousechennyh cylinders hvostootvodnogo and the vent pipes, wherein the air extraction pipe is mounted on the top of the cylinder and is connected to the cyclone for collecting fine fraction.

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