RU2187062C2 - Method and device for protection of armored objective - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: protection of armored equipment accomplished by projection of aerosol-producing grenades in the direction of threat. SUBSTANCE: curtain in depth is formed by alternate ejection of pyrotechnic burning elements from the grenade casing on the ascent stabilized portion of the flight path. The mentioned elements are interconnected into groups and projected in the direction opposite the direction of flight at a velocity less than or equal to the grenade flight velocity. For distribution of the mentioned elements in front the groups of burning elements are dismembered into separate elements of an improper aerodynamic shape with a subsequent their braking and aerodynamic dispersion. EFFECT: rationalized dispersion of burning aerosol-producing elements at their ejection from the grenade casing and increased time of stay of these elements in the air. 4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of armament, and more specifically to the protection of armored vehicles with the installation of masking aerosol curtains.

 The high saturation of modern military formations with anti-tank weapons, including guided weapons, required the developers of armored vehicles to search for additional (non-traditional) ways to protect it. One of such ways is to pose a threat of masking aerosol curtains in order to prevent the enemy from observing, reduce the effectiveness of his optoelectronic weapon control systems, and create conditions for delivering a surprise strike. The air curtains are installed with aerosol-forming grenades, fired from special grenade launchers (mortars) in the mode of group or salvo launches [1, 2].

 The design scheme of the grenade is based on the use of multi-element pyrotechnic aerosol-forming equipment, electric igniter, propellant and moderator. When a current signal arrives at the electric igniter, a propellant charge and a moderator are ignited, and under pressure from the formed gases, the grenade is shot from the mortar barrel to the required range.

There is a method of setting masking curtains, when a grenade, after falling onto the ground, releases one or several elements from its body enclosed in separate shells with an aerosol-forming composition ignited in them [3]. Aerosol formation occurs due to the release of the resulting gases from the shell of each element through a special nozzle. At the same time, a curtain spreading along the ground is created at the location of the elements. The disadvantages of the method:
1) the dimensions and installation time of the curtain substantially depend on the direction and speed of the wind;
2) the interfering effect of aerosols is limited only by the ability to attenuate radiation, which requires, for example, to protect the object from detection by infrared (IR) reconnaissance and weapon guidance, a significant consumption of aerosol-forming equipment, i.e., firing several grenades at a time.

 There is also a method of setting curtains due to the explosion of aerosol-forming grenades in the air [4]. The veil is formed almost instantly due to the spreading in different directions of the smoking elements (fragments) of the aerosol former, which then fall onto the ground and feed the curtain with its combustion products. This type of curtain, created, in particular, by pyrotechnic (phosphorus) compositions, has a high optical thickness, and when elements are burned, a high-temperature flame is formed, which has a significant specific yield in the infrared range of the spectrum. This method of protecting an object is selected as a prototype.

 One of the main disadvantages of this method (and its design) is the irrational use of an aerosol generator scattered randomly relative to the flight path of a grenade (threat direction), which leads to gaps in the curtain, a short lifetime and the inability to provide effective protection of the object when shooting a limited number Garnet.

 The problem solved by the proposed method is to increase the effectiveness of the interference effect of the created masking aerosol curtain.

 The problem is solved due to the fact that the veil in depth (in the direction of threat) is formed by alternately ejecting grenades from the hull in an ascending stable section of the trajectory of its flight of aerosol-forming burning elements interconnected in groups. In this case, the ejection is carried out in the direction opposite to the direction of flight, with a speed less than or equal to the speed of flight of the grenade. A curtain along the front is created by breaking up these groups into separate elements of irregular aerodynamic shape, followed by their braking and aerodynamic dispersion.

 This method is implemented by a design that includes mortars and aerosol-forming grenades installed in them, containing aerosol-forming pyrotechnic, propelling, and ignition-blow charges. The grenade body is made in the form of a metal cylindrical glass with a pyrotechnic charge located in it, assembled from shell-free tablets, each of which forms a group of ready-made combustible elements of irregular aerodynamic shape with radial and central grooves arranged between them. Inside the central groove (channel) there is an ignition-releasing charge equipped with a moderator with the possibility of interaction with a propelling charge located in the removable bottom held in the tail part of the glass by a locking device with a dosed destruction force. The locking device is made in the form of a bead rolled up into the glass, and the combustible aerosol forming elements are in the form of flat ring segments.

 The essence of the invention consists in the fact that after opening (triggering) the grenades give the elements of aerosol-forming equipment directional movement along the grenade’s flight line at a speed substantially less than the grenade’s flight speed at the point of equipment ejection, and along the front, creating the required curtain width, the elements move aerodynamic dispersion (planning, parachuting). Due to this, the time spent by burning elements in the air increases and, accordingly, the time of their interfering effect, and the distribution density of the elements both during their fall and after they fell to the ground, is the greatest in the direction of the threat. This may allow, when repelling an attack, to limit itself to firing one or two grenades from the side of the protected object, thereby preserving the rest of the ammunition to repel a second attack.

 The totality of the proposed features is unknown to the authors.

 The invention is illustrated by the illustrated material shown in figures 1-4.

 Figure 1 shows the action of the method.

 In FIG. 2 shows the alternate exit of groups of elements (non-shell tablets) from the grenade body.

 Figure 3 shows the process of disintegration of groups into separate elements - ring segments.

 Figure 4 - design of the device.

 In the initial state (see Fig. 1), the grenade 1 is located in the barrel of the mortar 2, mounted rigidly on the object body 3. The barrel is closed by a sealing plug 4. The electrical contact device 5 of the mortar 2, which supplies power to the elements of the grenade fire chain, is connected to the threat detection means 6, which determines the moment and direction of launch of the grenade.

 The aerosol-forming grenade (see Figs. 2-4) includes a thin-walled metal case (glass) 7 filled with shell-free tablets 8 of pyrotechnic aerosol-forming equipment (charge) equipped with cross-shaped grooves 9, forming groups of combustible elements 10 (Fig. 3). A central channel 11 passes through all the tablets, inside of which an ignition-blow charge 12 is installed. In the rear part of the housing relative to its inner surface, the bottom 13 is freely mounted with an emphasis on the end surface of the adjacent tablet. The bottom 13 is held in the housing 7 by a locking device 14, made, for example, in the form of a shoulder. At the bottom 13 there is a propelling charge 15, an electrocapsule sleeve 16 and a pyrotechnic moderator 17.

 The formation of a masking curtain by the proposed method is as follows.

 When the threat detection means 6 is triggered (see Fig. 1), a signal is supplied to the electrocapsule sleeve of the grenade, igniting the propelling charge. Under the influence of the formed gases, grenade 1 is thrown out of the mortar and, for a certain time, performs a stabilized flight on an ascending path section. At the calculated point of the trajectory after the operation of the ignition-expelling charge 12 (see Fig. 2) under the pressure of the gases P, the bottom 13 is removed from the grenade, and the ignited pyrotechnic tablets 8, dropping the bottom 13, are successively shot from the housing 7. The tablets exit in the direction opposite to the direction of flight of the grenade.

где

- скорость полета гранаты,

- скорость выброса заряда.The speed of flight of the tablets (VT _g ) is determined by the expression

Where

- grenade flight speed,

- charge ejection rate.

в направлении, перпендикулярном направлению полета гранаты (по фронту). Таким образом, пиротехническим элементам придается движение вперед по траекториям со скоростью, существенно меньшей скорости полета гранаты, при минимальном уровне их рассеивания относительно линии стрельбы.Further, the tablets, after burning out in the grooves, disintegrate into burning elements 10, having the form of flat annular segments (see Fig. 3), which, under the action of aerodynamic drag forces, also acquire a speed of movement

in the direction perpendicular to the direction of flight of the grenade (along the front). Thus, pyrotechnic elements are given forward movement along trajectories with a speed substantially lower than the grenade’s flight speed, with a minimum level of dispersion relative to the firing line.

 The aerosol formation created (in the first seconds from the moment of opening the grenade) takes the form of a "sheaf of comets", where a burning element is located in the head of each "comet", and the "comet tail" is a smoke plume extended in the direction of flight of the element.

 The application of the proposed method of protecting an object will significantly increase its survivability on the battlefield due to the possibility of quickly setting an invisible interference aerosol formation with the highest distribution density of burning pyrotechnic elements in the direction of threat. The achieved increase in the lifetime of the curtain provides an increase in the overall effectiveness of measures to protect the object (tank) by at least 1.2-1.3 times.

Used Books
1. Patent EPO (EP) on the application 0108939 from 05.23.84, F 41 H 9/06.

 2. Gerald Holst. The use of tactical smoke screens to increase the survivability of armored vehicles. - "Armor", 1984, v. 94, May - June, p.20-25.

 3. Prospectus of the company "Etienne Lacroix Defense" (France), GALIX 13 system, 1994

 4. Prospectus of the company "Schweizerische Munitionsunternehmung" (Switzerland), "76-smoke grenade" Maske ", 1994 - prototype.

Claims (4)

 1. A method of protecting an object of armored vehicles, which consists in setting up masking aerosol curtains by dispersing aerosol-forming pyrotechnic burning elements from grenades thrown in the direction of the threat, characterized in that the curtain is formed in depth by alternately ejecting grenades from the hull in an ascending stabilized portion of its flight path of aerosol-forming burning elements, interconnected in groups, in the direction opposite to the direction of flight, with a speed less than or equal to the speed Flight grenades, and on the front - burning groups by partitioning elements on the individual elements of irregular shape with aerodynamic braking and subsequent aerodynamic dispersion.  2. A device for protecting an object of armored vehicles, containing mortars charged with grenades, equipped with aerosol-forming pyrotechnic, propellant and ignition-blow charges, characterized in that the grenade body is made in the form of a metal cylindrical glass with a pyrotechnic charge located in it, assembled from shell-free tablets, each of which forms a group of ready-made combustible elements of irregular aerodynamic shape, between which radial and central channels are arranged, inside the latter is placed igniter-blow charge, equipped with a moderator with the ability to interact with a propellant charge located in the removed bottom, held in the rear of the glass by a locking device with a dosed destruction force.  3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the locking device of the removable bottom of the glass is made in the form of a collar rolled up inside the glass.  4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the combustible aerosol forming elements are made in the form of flat annular segments.

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