RU2183556C1 - Glued wood construction formed as rod plywood - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry. SUBSTANCE: glued wood construction is composed of longitudinal timber made as rod members arranged in several layers so as to form grid, with at least two layers forming adjacent pairs. Each of rod members may be formed from several longitudinal timber pieces. Longitudinal timber pieces forming rod members may be secured by means of carpentry joints. Rod members may be made from timber pieces formed by longitudinal double-sided recesses made in layers so that they overlap each other in depth direction. Rod members may be manufactured from wood of different kinds and/or part thereof may be made from other constructional materials. Rod members may be connected one with another by means of carpentry joints. Sizes of glued contact zones of rod members may be restricted in direction transverse to fibers by constructional slots. Rod members may be glued one to another with their radial surfaces. Gaps between rod members may be filled with elastic heat- and sound-insulating materials. Laminated glued wood and other sheet materials may be employed instead of some layers to impart strength and weatherproof properties to constructions. Reinforcing materials may be glued between layers. Glued wood construction may be used for manufacture of small-sized wall materials and sectional structures, as well as floor and ceiling members, suspended and lining ceilings, carpentry and furniture boards. EFFECT: simplified construction and improved physico- mechanical properties. 12 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of production of wooden glued structures and can be used for the manufacture of small-sized wall materials, small-sized prefabricated structures, elements of building structures and the structures themselves, as well as elements of floor and roof coverings, false and false ceilings, carpentry and furniture panels.

 Known design of carpentry panels such as HP from not glued to each other laths of wood, glued with veneer on both sides (GOST 13715-78. Joiner's plates, technical conditions).

 The disadvantages of products of this design include the following.

 Increased heterogeneity of physical and mechanical properties in different directions. For example, the tensile strength in static bending is normalized only in the direction across the rails, since the indicators of elasticity and strength differ significantly depending on the direction of application of loads to the material.

 The use of carpentry boards for enclosing structures that distinguish between different temperature and humidity conditions, for example A1 and B3 (SNiP II-25-80. Wooden structures), leads to deformations that are accompanied by changes in the shape of the plates (warping and waviness) and the occurrence of critical stresses, reducing their service life.

 It is impossible to make practical plates of large thickness (more than 50 mm).

 The design of carpentry panels of type HP does not standardize the smallest guaranteed gap between the rails (but only the largest - 0.5 mm, at the ends of the shield). Therefore, in the products adjacent rails at a considerable distance of the common border of the edges are in contact, and in the process of gluing the veneer in these places, they are partially glued along the edge. At the same time, operational deformability is limited (GOST 23431-79 *. Wood. Structure and physicomechanical properties. Terms and definitions) of slats across the fibers in the plane of the slab and the effective width of the slats increases, which is standardized (GOST 13715-78. Joiner's plates, technical conditions ) for plates of different quality. (For slabs with wider slats, a large waviness and warp are characteristic).

 Also known is the design of PSP4 type parquet boards (GOST 862.4-87. Parquet products. Parquet boards. Technical specifications) with a base of two glued rails layers laid in a mutually perpendicular direction and glued parquet strips or veneer squares or veneered veneers slabs.

 The design of NShch4 products provides for their operation only under temperature and humidity conditions A1 (SNiP II-25-80. Wooden structures), that is, in heated rooms with a dry regime of air humidity. This is due, in particular, to the use of wide, up to 55 mm, battens and battens without width limits with one-sided compensation slots leaving an incompressible layer 8 mm thick.

 Planks or plywood, or veneer, glued around the perimeter tightly, without gaps and only on one side of the shield, aggravate the asymmetry of the structure and cause distortion even with uniform wetting of the material above the norms of the dry operating mode. For the design of PShch4 products, the drawback described above for HP joinery plates is completely characteristic, due to the lack of regulation of the minimum guaranteed gaps between the edges of the base rails.

 The closest product design adopted for the prototype is the construction of the so-called glued wood or plywood boards (TSB, second edition, 1956, art. "Joiner's joints" - prototype).

 The product is glued from several layers of boards with the mutually perpendicular direction of the wood fibers in boards of thickness adjacent to each other, which, in turn, consist of lumber glued along the width.

 Plywood boards are highly stable in shape and size. However, this statement is true only for the operating conditions of the product with limited fluctuations in temperature and humidity. Therefore, the material did not find wide practical application.

 In the manufacture of plywood, stringent requirements are imposed on the range of permissible moisture values of the workpieces, complicating its production. Failure to comply with this requirement, due to the anisotropy of wood, leads to the appearance of high stresses in the wood and the adhesive layer, which cause cracking of the products, their warping and decrease in strength.

 In addition, products made of such a material do not always meet the relevant modern building standards but have heat and sound insulation, as well as unpredictably reduce elasticity and strength under real operating conditions in the absence of environmental conditioning.

 An object of the invention is the creation of a new design of wooden glued with minimized internal stresses arising in the wood and the adhesive layer during operation, due to changes in the temperature and humidity conditions of the environment, with the possibility of using non-structural lumber as a raw material and a selection from low-grade sawn timber with their reduced consumption per unit volume of products.

 In addition, the wooden glued structure should be able to improve the heat and sound insulation qualities of the products to the required, as well as increased and stable indicators of elasticity and strength for various operating conditions of structures with a well-known and fairly simple manufacturing technology.

 The technical problem is solved in the manufacture of a wooden glued structure, consisting of a number of layers glued together in thickness, in which according to the invention the layers consist of lumber lumber made in the form of bar elements arranged so that they form several layers of gratings, of which at least , two flat form an adjacent pair.

 In this design, any core element can be made of several lumber.

 In this design, lumber lumber, forming the core elements, can be fastened with joinery joints.

 In this design, the rod elements can be made with longitudinal compensation slots.

 In this design, the core elements can be formed by shared double-sided overlapping in depth slots made on the lumber layers.

 In this design, the core elements can be made of wood of different species and / or part of them from other structural materials.

 In this design, the core elements can be fastened together using joinery joints.

 In such a design, the sizes of the zones of adhesive contacts of the core elements can be limited in the direction across the fibers by structural grooves and selections.

 In this design, the core elements can be glued together on radial surfaces.

 In this design, the gaps between the core elements can be filled with elastic heat and sound insulating materials.

 In this design, instead of some layers, laminated glued wood and other sheet materials can be glued, giving the structure strength and weather resistance.

 In this design, layers of reinforcing materials can be glued between the layers.

 Stresses in the wood and the adhesive layer of the claimed design, arising during operation due to changes in the temperature and humidity conditions of the environment, are minimized. This is ensured by the fractional direction of the wood fibers in the core elements, and in the variant, by the correct orientation of the annual layers of the core elements in the structure, since the core elements can be glued together on radial surfaces, and by limiting, in another embodiment, the size of the gluing area of the core elements in the transverse direction fibers.

 The glued wooden structure is made of shared core elements that form at least two flat lattice structures glued in thickness from any number of layers. Therefore, its swelling and shrinkage will be the same in all directions of the planes of the layers and will be equal to the longitudinal swelling and shrinkage, that is, they will be minimal for a given wood species. If the length and width of the product from the proposed material are measured in the plane of the layers, then there is no correlation between the length, width of the product and shrinkage, swelling in the radial and tangential directions of the wood from which it is made. This ensures dimensional stability in the planes of the two main directions of the product during its operation. Therefore, the effect of wood anisotropy is significantly reduced. As a result, rod plywood can be used in external load-bearing enclosing structures with operating conditions A1 inside and B3 outside. Acceptable for use under operating conditions A1 with a relative humidity below 45%.

 The influence of humidity fluctuations on dimensional changes along the fibers for different species differs slightly, therefore, rod elements from different species (for example, from pine, spruce and larch) can be used in one material. The maximum shrinkage (swelling) along the fibers for most breeds does not exceed 0.1%, which allows the possibility of manufacturing part of the core elements of the core plywood from various materials (steel, laminate, plywood, etc.) in order to reinforce and / or obtain composite materials with enhanced physical and mechanical properties.

 The opportunity has appeared in rod plywood products to orient the rod elements in the directions of maximum stresses, while varying the location of the rod elements with different cross-sectional areas, hardness of species, and wood quality. Using these advantages, it is possible to produce multilayer structures with maximum strength and elasticity for a specific application.

 The use of joinery joints for fastening rod elements, especially metal fasteners, increases the structural strength and in some cases can simplify the manufacturing technology.

 Compensating grooves of the core elements, reinforcing the adhesive layer and gluing the core elements on radial surfaces allow the core elements to be made with large cross-sectional dimensions, which also simplifies the manufacturing technology of the construction of wooden glued.

 Filling the gaps between the core elements with elastic heat and sound insulating materials improves the heat and sound insulation properties of the structure.

 A comparative analysis of the claimed design and prototype reveals the distinctive features of the claimed design in comparison with the closest analogue, which allows us to conclude that the proposed solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

 The presence of distinctive features makes it possible to obtain a positive effect, expressed in the creation of a new design of wooden glued, with minimal internal stresses that occur in the wood and the adhesive layer during operation due to changes in the temperature and humidity conditions when using as a raw material a sample of low-grade sawn timber with its reduced consumption, and with improved heat and sound insulation, and with improved physical and mechanical qualities.

 Since when examining the object of the invention in patent and scientific literature, no solutions were found containing the features of the claimed invention other than the prototype, it should be concluded that the claimed invention meets the criterion of "significant differences".

 The use of the construction according to the claimed invention in the field of production of wooden glued structures ensures its compliance with the criterion of "industrial applicability".

 The invention is illustrated in the drawings, in which FIG. 1 is a general view of a “wooden glued structure”, FIG. 2 is an embodiment of a layer of the claimed design with double-sided shared slots overlapping in depth on the sheets forming the core elements, FIG. 3 shows the adhesive contact of adjacent core elements.

 The wooden glued structure consists of a number of layers 1 glued along the thickness, which consist of lumber lumber, made in the form of bar elements 2, arranged so that they form several layers of grating, of which at least two, forming an adjacent pair, are made flat.

 Each bar element 2 of this design can be made of several lumber lumber, which can be fastened with joinery joints 3, and the bar elements 2 can be with longitudinal compensation slots 4, can be formed of lumber lobar double-sided overlapping depths 5, made on planes, can be made of wood of different species and can be bonded to each other using joiner joints 6. Dimensions of the areas of adhesive contacts of rod ele The entrances 2 can be limited in the direction across the fibers by structural grooves 7 and samples, and the rod elements 2 can be glued together on radial surfaces 8. The gaps between the rod elements 2 can be filled with elastic heat and sound insulating materials 9, and instead of some layers 1 laminated glued wood 10 and other sheet materials can be glued, giving the structure strength and weather resistance. Between layers 1 can be glued layers 11 of reinforcing materials.

 Due to the multi-layer glued-on-thickness lattice rod structure made of shared lumber, in which at least two lattices are made flat and form an adjacent pair, the manufactured product has the smallest dimensional changes possible for wood in the planes of the product layers during its operation under conditions of changing temperature and humidity environmental conditions, while guaranteeing minimum stresses in the wood and the adhesive layer.

 The rod elements 2 in the structure can be extended in length by gluing to the toothed spike 3, using a selection of low-grade lumber. Therefore, the wooden glued structure, made in the form of core plywood, is "unpretentious" to the quality of the feedstock at high final physical and mechanical parameters and when applying widely known technological processes.

 The possible implementation of the core elements 2 of the structure with longitudinal compensation slots 4 further reduces the internal stresses in the structure, allowing rod elements with large cross-sectional sizes to be made.

 The possible formation of the core elements 2 from lumber with double-sided double-sided overlapping depths 5 made on the layers gives the layer 1 of the core elements 2 spring properties that are significant in the direction perpendicular to the edge. Such a layer can be considered as a system of plastically interconnected, parallelly located rod elements 2, which allows us to diversify the options for performing the texture of the external surfaces of the structure and simplify the technology using high-quality raw materials.

 In the manufacture of part of the core elements 2 from wood of different species and / or other structural materials, combined or composite materials with improved physical and mechanical properties are obtained.

 The possible fastening of the core elements 2 using carpentry joints 6, not limiting the deformability of the wood of the core elements 2 across the fibers in the planes of the layers 1, improves the strength properties of the structure.

 The possible limitation of the size of the zones of adhesive contacts of the core elements 2 in the direction across the fibers by structural grooves 7 and samples allows you to use, primarily for the outer layers, wide core elements 2.

 The possible implementation of the core elements 2 with longitudinal compensation slots 4, the possible gluing of the core elements 2 together on the radial surfaces 8, as well as the possible gluing between layers 1 of layers of reinforcing materials made of mesh or fabric, allow the core elements 2 to be made with large cross-sectional sizes with improved physical and mechanical properties.

 The possible filling of the gaps between the rod elements 2 with elastic heat and sound insulating materials with low bulk elasticity, for example, sheet cork, foamed polyethylene, etc., guarantees the absence of 2 gaps between the rod elements and, as a consequence, the accumulation of household dust adsorbing toxic substances, as well as improves heat and sound insulating properties of the structure.

 The possible sizing instead of some layers of laminated glued wood, other sheet materials, such as steel, laminated plastics, etc., by obtaining a composite material increases the physicomechanical quality of the structure, in particular strength and weather resistance.

 These advantages favorably distinguish the claimed design wooden glued, made in the form of plywood, from the prototype.

Claims (12)

 1. The wooden glued structure, consisting of a number of layers glued in thickness, characterized in that the layers consist of lumber lumber made in the form of bar elements arranged so that they form several layers of gratings, of which at least two are flat form an adjacent pair.  2. The glued wooden structure according to claim 1, characterized in that any bar element is made of several lumber.  3. The glued wooden structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the shared lumber is fastened with joinery joints.  4. The glued wooden structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the rod elements can be made with longitudinal compensation slots.  5. The glued wooden structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the core elements are formed of lumber lobar double-sided, overlapping in depth slots made on the plates.  6. The glued wooden structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the core elements are made of wood of different species and / or part of them from other structural materials.  7. Wooden glued structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the core elements are bonded to each other using carpentry joints.  8. The wooden glued structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the dimensions of the areas of adhesive contacts of the rod elements are limited in the direction across the fibers of the structural grooves and samples.  9. The glued wooden structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the core elements are glued to each other on radial surfaces.  10. The wooden glued structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the gaps between the core elements can be filled with elastic heat and sound insulating materials.  11. The wooden glued structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, characterized in that instead of some layers glued laminated glued wood, other sheet materials, giving the structure strength and weather resistance.  12. The glued wooden structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11, characterized in that between the layers glued layers of reinforcing materials.

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