RU2182619C1 - Gear to protect water intake against entry of slush - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment for production and collection of water from surface sources with provision of protection of water intake against entry of slush. SUBSTANCE: gear to protect water intake against entry of slush has volumetric filtering cassette coming in the form of rectangular frame with grooves in internal side into which water penetrable filtering plastic tubes are placed. Frame is put into guiding groove structure of inlet windows of flooded water intake collar. Water penetrable filtering plastic tubes can be positioned vertically in volumetric filtering cassette. EFFECT: raised reliability of protection of water intake against entry of slush. 3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to devices for extracting or collecting drinking or tap water from ground (surface) water, can be used in the field of hydraulic engineering and is intended for technological (water supply) and technical (pumping and other equipment) protection of the water intake from ingress of sludge.

 The requirements for the quality of drinking water are steadily increasing from year to year. At the same time, there is an increasing need to reduce the cost of water production, including technical, since the growth of industrial production worldwide, an increase in the capacity of modern power plants, and the needs of agriculture all require an increasing cost of water supply.

Abstraction of water from surface sources is fraught with a number of difficulties. Many of the existing problems are widely discussed in the literature: many monographs have been published, questions of the work of water intakes are included in textbooks for students of relevant specialties, reference manuals intended for specialists, regulatory documents for design, and so on. It is unnecessary to mention here all the problems that arise, but one of the main ones ¹ threatens the trouble-free operation of water intakes so clearly that considerable efforts of scientific, design organizations, and operational services are directed precisely at its solution. This threat is the presence of sludge in the water stream.

 For operated intakes, the problem of sludge moving in the stream is very serious. Sludge clogs the intake barriers, falling into pumping stations, leads to equipment failure.

 All this makes specialists from various industries and organizations join forces and technically improve water intakes, changing the structural elements of the entrance windows of the heads, regulate the currents at the water intake, and so on.

 A flooded head is placed in the water where there is a depth that provides water intake at any time of the year under any weather conditions.

 A flooded water intake head is a concrete, sometimes towed, structure that has a configuration that minimizes the energy loss of the flow due to friction when it interacts with a flooded water intake head. The body of the flooded water intake head is equipped with entrance windows with a cross-sectional area that provides the specified costs of water withdrawal. Through the entrance windows of the flooded water intake head, water is piped to the pumps of the water intake pumping station. A capture zone is formed near the flooded head of the water intake - the area from which the flooded head of the water intake directly feeds. The size of the area is determined by the flow of water through the input windows.

 With a large value of the averaged longitudinal components, the speed of the sludge is captured by the flow and pulled into the input windows. To prevent this from happening, the entrance windows provide for the installation of metal trash racks.

 The effect of the use of such devices is minimal: the sludge freezes to the metal rods of the trash racks, clogs the inlet windows, stops the water supply to the equipment of the pumping stations.

 In order to reduce the approach speeds at which it is possible to ascend the sludge and to divert it by methods of flow control on the way to the flooded water intake head, a decrease in the longitudinal component of the velocity is provided, however, with large accumulations of sludge this may not always be effective. To change this situation, a special filter system is installed on the input windows, however, the imperfection of their designs is also not a solution to the problem. If the design of a mechanical filter provides for the use of metallic (usually steel) products — elements having a higher thermal conductivity — sludge as a filter material, provided that the temperature of the metal products has passed through zero on the Celsius scale and assumed negative values, it starts to stick to metal products and freeze with a metal product.

 Ways to prevent freezing of sludge to metal products are monotonous - increasing the approach front, reverse pulse washing, heating metal elements, applying polymer (hydrophobic) coatings with less thermal conductivity than metal elements, discharging higher flow of warm water (this option is the most optimal for CHP intakes )

 All of the above methods are costly, and the search for ways to reduce the cost of both the filters themselves and the work associated with their operation is still actively ongoing, and this is far from being only in the form of discussions on the pages of magazines.

 The basis for the industrial introduction of sludge retention filters is continuous experimental research, primarily in laboratory conditions, and then with the transfer to nature.

 New types of water intake filters, if tested, satisfy the conditions of inventive step, novelty and industrial applicability.

 The following analogues are known to the applicant.

 A device is known for protecting water intakes from sludge, consisting of water-permeable filter tubes placed in a water intake bucket in front of the water intake and connected to a compressor unit with the possibility of air supply and creating a water-air curtain in front of the water intake (SU 1086063 A, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Water Supply for Sewerage, Hydrotechnical Structures and Engineering Hydrogeology , 12/15/1983, E 02 B 15/02).

 The disadvantages of this device is that, firstly, it does not provide the removal of sludge from the field of water extraction, and secondly, the cost of operating the device is very high.

 A device for protecting water intakes from ingress of sludge is known, consisting of a cap of a column with an outlet pipe located inside it and pipes with tangentially arranged sludge flushing nozzles (RU 2067144 C1, VNIIG named after B.E. Vedeneyev, 09/27/1996, E 03 B 3 / 00).

 The disadvantage of this device is that it does not provide a reliable output of the sludge, and the device is in emergency mode.

 A device is known for protecting water intakes from sludge, provided with a transfer pump, a main water intake pipe, two parallel water intake pipes located inside the main pipe, and a control valve installed between the pipe end and the pump. (US 5253954, Landsberger Samuel E., 10.19.1993. E 03 B 3/04).

 The disadvantage is high operating costs.

 A device for protecting water intakes from ingress of sludge is made on the bottom of a lake or river in the form of a permeable filtering roof with an area significantly exceeding the cross section of the inlet pipe, which ensures a low suction rate, and this is the main condition for surfacing of the sludge (FR 2562580, Jenker Wolfgang R. , Christie Alan E. et Elsayed Emad EM, 04/10/1985, E 03 B 3/04).

 The disadvantages of this device is that the permeable filtering roof is made of metal, and the sludge, freezing to the permeable filtering roof, blocks the access of water to the pumping station.

 A device is known for protecting water intakes from ingress of sludge in which a cone-shaped pipe with filtering holes is located in a pipe of a larger diameter (US 3992886, Scott Robert A., 11/23/1976, E 02 B 13/00).

 The disadvantage of this device is that it does not protect the intake from ingress of sludge at high flow rates.

 A device for protecting water intakes from ingress of sludge is known, consisting of a complex filter system located at the bottom of a watercourse that provides sequential filtering of water before it is fed to a pumping station (RU 2124610 C1, All-Russian Research Institute of Water Supply for Sewerage, Hydrotechnical Structures and Engineering Hydrogeology, 01.10.1999, E 03 B 3/04).

 The disadvantages of the analogue is that the device is quickly clogged with sludge and sediment.

 Of particular interest from foreign patents are not only water intakes, but also devices for fencing the upper part of the stream and holding the sludge. There are a lot of such devices, but they are all of the same type, and it would be wrong to list all their types. A significant part of patents has been granted in the USA, France, Germany. We give as an example the most characteristic devices. These devices are, in particular, invented in England and in France.

 A device is known for protecting water intakes from ingress of sludge, containing booms connected in series with containers with solid carbon dioxide and internal channels for pumping liquid with a low temperature, blocking the flow and holding ice floating on the surface (GB 2007747 A, Shuffman D K., May 23, 1979 E 02 B 3/00).

 The disadvantages of this device is that it does not protect the intake from ingress of sludge floating in the depth of the stream.

 A device is known for protecting water intakes from ingress of sludge, which is a light, vertically arranged sail-like structure held on the surface of the water with floats (US 4398844, Institut Francais du Petrol, Aug. 16, 1983, E 02 B 15/04).

 The disadvantages of this device is that it retains only ice floating on the surface of the stream, but does not protect the water intake from the sludge.

 Currently, several dozen methods and devices have been patented for protecting water intakes from ingress of sludge.

 Closest to the invention in terms of essential features is a device for protecting water intakes from ingress of sludge, comprising a volumetric filter cartridge consisting of a reinforced expanded clay concrete slab fixed in a metal rectangular contour frame with grooves. The volumetric filter cartridge is installed in the guide groove design of the entrance window of the flooded water intake head of the intake and provides filtering of water from the sludge when it is supplied to the pump station (Obrazovskiy A.S., Eresnov N.V., Eresnov V.N., Kazansky M.A. Water intake facilities for water supply from surface sources, Stroyizdat, 1976. P 368), (210 p.).

 The disadvantages of the prototype is that, firstly, the device is easily clogged with sludge, and secondly, it is unreliable in operation (when using the reverse pulse washing method it is easily destroyed in the weakest places with the formation of holes), and thirdly, it is extremely difficult to manufacture. fourthly, has a lot of curb weight.

 The described essential features of the claimed invention distinguish it from the closest analogue, since the invention uses means that provide a new technical result.

 The technical result consists in the fact that the quality of protection of the water intake from ingress of sludge increases due to the use of plastic masses as a filter material in the volumetric filter cartridge that have a higher heat capacity and lower thermal conductivity than expanded clay concrete, which creates conditions for less freezing of the sludge to the volumetric filtering cassette.

Heat capacity - the ratio of the amount of heat supplied to the temperature increase - plastic substances and polymers depends on temperature. At a temperature of 20.. . 30 ^o С the heat capacity of these technical materials is very different, but, as a rule, higher than metal products, and lies in the range from 1, more often ~ 1.5 to 2 kJ / (kg • K). Steel and cast iron, for example, depending on the grade, have a heat capacity (at normal temperature) of 0.42 ... 0.54 kJ / (kg • K). Expanded clay - 0.84 kJ / (kg • K). Thus, the heat capacity of plastics is higher than wood products and significantly higher than metal products.

Thermal conductivity — molecular heat transfer (heat transfer) in a continuous medium due to the presence of a temperature gradient — is so varied that there is absolutely no place for its comment. The thermal conductivity of steel varies from 10 to 110 W / (m • K) and higher. That is, even for steels of "small" thermal conductivity, it is still significantly (where it is important to take into account hundredths of a degree when water crystals are formed) is higher than, for example, expanded clay concrete, whose thermal conductivity is at a temperature of 25 ^o С 1.3 ... 1.6 W / (m • K), depending on the reinforcement. In this case, the plastic masses have a thermal conductivity of 0.04. ..0.1, rarely - 0.2 W / (m • K). Thus, the thermal conductivity of plastics is much lower than the thermal conductivity of expanded clay concrete and many times lower than the thermal conductivity of metals.

 Therefore, the use of plastics as a filter material in volumetric filter cartridges from an operational point of view is more rational than the use of expanded clay concrete; the use of various metals is all the more unacceptable.

 Maintaining high filtration rates, ensuring the specified flow rates of water taken from surface sources, is impossible without the pores of the volumetric filter cartridge being free from the frozen sludge that clogged them. The technical result also lies in the fact that increases operational reliability due to the use of more durable material of volumetric filtering cartridges, facilitates manufacturing technology, and also reduces the weight of volumetric filtering cartridges.

 The essence of the invention is as follows.

 Volumetric filter cartridge 1 is a metal rectangular contour frame 2 with grooves on the inner side 3. In a metal rectangular contour frame 2 in the grooves on the inner side 3, permeable filtering plastic pipes 4 are tightly mounted. The material from which the permeable filtering plastic pipes 4 are made is plastic masses strong enough not to collapse during installation and operation of the volumetric filter cartridge. Water-permeable filtering plastic pipes 4 are manufactured under industrial conditions by casting, perforation or other known methods with subsequent processing. A metal rectangular contour frame 2, in the grooves on the inner side 3 of which tightly installed permeable filtering plastic pipes 4, is made of durable metal. Water-permeable filter plastic pipes 4 can be placed in the volumetric filter cartridge 1 vertically or horizontally, in one row or several rows. The volumetric filter cartridge 1 is equipped on land, and then, from the watercraft, for example, from a barge, lowered into the water and installed in the guide groove structure 5 inlet windows 6 of the flooded intake head of the intake 7. The guide groove design 5 inlet windows 6 of the flooded intake head of the intake 7 are made of metal and mounted in place of the entrance windows 6 of the flooded water intake head of the intake 7 during the construction of the flooded water intake head of the intake 7.

 The description of the invention contains four figures of the drawings. Figure 1 presents a General view of the volumetric filter cartridge 1 in running order; figure 2 shows the flooded water intake head of the intake 7 with inserted into the guide groove structure 5 of the input window 6 of the volumetric filter cartridge 1; in FIG. 3, 4 - the order of the possible placement of permeable filtering plastic pipes 4 in the volumetric filter cartridge 1.

 The device comprises a volumetric filtering cartridge 1, consisting of a metal rectangular contour frame 2 with grooves on the inner side 3, in which watertight filtering plastic pipes 4 are tightly mounted. Volumetric filtering cartridge 1 is located in the guide groove structure 5 of the inlet window 6 of the flooded water intake head of the intake 7.

 The device is implemented in several copies - industrial designs.

 It has the following weight and dimensions.

 The weight of the volumetric filter cartridge in running order is from 100 to 500 kg.

 Dimensions: device height - up to 2000 mm; device length - up to 2000 mm; device width - up to 500 mm.

 The device operates as follows.

 After installing the volumetric filter cartridge 1 in the guide groove structure 5 of the inlet window 6 of the flooded water intake head of the intake 7, the device is ready for operation. Water enters the pumping station of the water intake structure through the inlet window 6 of the flooded water intake head of the water intake 7 and, when passing through the volumetric filter cartridge 1, is filtered. When filtering water, it is purified from sludge.

 Protection of the water intake from the ingress of sludge into it is as follows.

 The puffed stream moves to the water intake entrance windows 6 of the flooded water intake head of the intake 7 and, approaching the volumetric filter cartridge 1, begins to pass through it. The filtration features of the volumetric filtering cartridge 1 are such that, while delaying, the sludge does not penetrate the flooded water intake head of the intake 7. The sludge accumulates in front of the volumetric filtering cartridge 1, but does not freeze to the permeable plastic filter tubes 4, because, as shown by numerous experiments, the sludge freezes with high thermal conductivity of the material, which plastic masses do not possess. Sludge accumulated in front of the volumetric filter cartridge by pulse back-flushing methods, or using other methods, is driven into the transit flow area, providing free access to water to the inlet window 6 of the flooded intake head of the intake 7.

 Thus, the invention allows you to take water from surface sources and at the same time, unlike many existing devices and methods, to protect water intake from ingress of sludge.

Claims (4)

 1. Device for protecting water intake from sludge, containing a volumetric filter cartridge installed in the guide groove design of the input window of the flooded water intake head of the water intake, consisting of a metal rectangular contour frame with grooves on the inside, characterized in that in a metal rectangular contour frame in the grooves permeable plastic filter pipes are tightly installed on the inside.  2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that in a metal rectangular contour frame in the grooves on the inner side of the permeable filtering plastic pipes are installed vertically.  3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that in a metal rectangular contour frame in the grooves on the inner side of the permeable filtering plastic pipes are installed horizontally.  4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that in a metal rectangular contour frame in the grooves on the inner side are tightly installed permeable filtering plastic pipes in several rows.

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