RU2183702C1 - Device to prevent getting of yong fish into water intakes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices for taking water from ground sources with protection of young fish. SUBSTANCE: proposed three-dimensional filtering cassette is essentially metal rectangular frame with slots on inner side in which water- permeable filtering plastic pipes are fitted. Cassette is installed in guide slotted structure of inlet ports of sunk water intake head. To provide tight fitting of filtering plastic pipes, dimensions of metal rectangular frame should be divisible by diameter of water-permeable filtering plastic pipes. Water- permeable filtering plastic pipes can be installed in three- dimensional filtering cassette vertically or horizontally, in one or several rows. EFFECT: improved protection of young fish. 4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to devices for extracting or collecting drinking or tap water from ground (surface) water, can be used in the field of water supply and is intended to protect juvenile fish from getting into the water intake when taking water from surface sources.

 It is difficult to provide water to the population, industry and agriculture, relying only on underground water sources, infiltration methods, collection by condensation, and other methods rightly called "alternative" - the consumption of water is so significant that all these methods are not able to solve the problem radically. The only real way to provide water today is to draw it from surface sources.

 In conditions when human economic activity has led to the fact that the ecological balance has become precarious, the protection of fish at water intakes has become a priority. Previously, the question was posed differently: not protecting juvenile fish from water intakes, but protecting water intakes from juvenile fish. Such an approach has led to a catastrophic decrease in fish stocks on several rivers of the country, including a decrease in the number of fish of especially valuable breeds.

 The theory of water intakes is described in numerous monographs. In short, it looks as follows.

 The flooded head of the water intake is carried out at a certain distance from the shore of the watercourse or reservoir and is located where there are sufficient depths for water intake. And if very insignificant speeds favor the departure of fish from the water intake front of the water intake, then this is the most acceptable circumstance guaranteeing the protection of juvenile fish.

 The flooded head of the water intake is a concrete (if we are talking about concrete, and not about a tow) hydraulic structure with a streamlined configuration. This configuration of the structure minimizes the loss of flow energy. In the case of the flooded head of the water intake there are entrance windows, the area of which corresponds to the productivity of the water intake. Through the inlet windows, water flows through pipes into the pumping station of the water intake. With significant flow rates of the supplied water, an extensive capture zone is formed directly at the flooded head of the water intake - the region of the flow directed to the inlet windows. The dimensions of this flow region are determined by the flow rate of water through the inlet windows, since the gradients of the averaged longitudinal components of the jet velocity are directed from the region of the transit stream into the inlet windows.

 With a large value of the averaged longitudinal velocity components, juvenile fish are captured by the stream and drawn into the entrance windows. To prevent this from happening, the entrance windows include the installation of metal fish protection nets.

 The effectiveness of the use of such devices is usually insignificant: juvenile fish pressed by a strong current to the fish protection net are not able to move away from the entrance windows of the flooded water intake heads and die - damage to the lateral line organs of fish is dangerous for their life.

 To reduce approach speeds at which it is possible by methods of flow control to divert young fish to approach the flooded water intake head, an increase in the approach front is provided, however, with large accumulations of young fish, this may not always be effective. To change the input windows install a special filter system, however, the imperfection of their designs is also not a solution.

 The basis of the industrial applicability of the intake filters for the delay of juvenile fish on the approach to the water intake is continuous experimental research, primarily in laboratory conditions, and then transferred to nature.

 Thus, new types of water intake filters, if tested in laboratory and field conditions, satisfy the conditions of industrial applicability, novelty and inventive step.

 The analogues known to the applicant are the following devices.

 A device for protecting juvenile fish from getting into water intakes, consisting of a drum with a porous filter element at the ends (RU 2023794 C1, Chistyakov AA and others, 11.30.1994, E 02 B 8/08).

 The disadvantages of the invention are that although the device protects the intake from juvenile fish, juvenile fish die when pressed against the filter; that is, the device does not protect the juvenile fish from getting into the water intake - the fish has a side line, if it is damaged, it dies.

 A device is known for protecting juvenile fish from getting into water intakes, consisting of fine mesh canvases leading the fish along trays to a garbage chute (RU 2023796 C1, SUKALO G.I. et al., November 30, 1994, E 02 B 8/08).

 The disadvantages of this device are that juvenile fish are not transferred to their usual habitat - to the river, but to the garbage chute, where they die completely.

 A device is known for protecting juvenile fish from getting into water intakes, consisting of a frame with two gratings and strings stretched between them (RU 2023799 C1, ShKUR V.N. et al., November 30, 1994, E 02 B 8/08).

 The disadvantages of the device is the inability to divert juvenile fish from the device to protect juvenile fish from getting into the water intake, therefore, clinging to the frame, juvenile fish mostly die.

 Also known is a device for protecting juvenile fish from getting into water intakes, containing vertically parallel elements forming slotted channels and ending with a hole (SU 1730347 A1, All-Russian Research Institute for Water Supply of Sewerage, Hydrotechnical Structures and Engineering Hydrogeology, 04/30/1992, E 02 B 8/08) .

 The device is devoid of many of the disadvantages inherent in the above, however, however, it does not adequately protect the juvenile fish from getting into the water intake.

 Also known is a device for protecting juvenile fish from getting into water intakes, containing a filter element — a cylindrical drum with a filter at the ends (RU 2023801 C1, Chistyakov A. D. et al., 30.11.1994, E 02 B 8/08).

 The disadvantages of this device is that it injures the fish, young fish cannot survive even minor injuries.

 A device is known for protecting juvenile fish from getting into water intakes, containing a grate and a movable mechanism for pumping fluid in one direction (FR 2020220, Verbandt Andre, 06/10/1970, E 03 B 3/00).

 The disadvantages of this device are the inability to provide reliable protection of juvenile fish from getting into the water intake.

 A device is known for protecting juvenile fish from getting into water intakes, which is a pipe with slots covered with filter cloth (US 4228321, Beane Frank T., 08.09.1981, E 02 B 13/00).

 The disadvantage of this device is that it does not provide reliable protection for juvenile fish from getting into the water intake.

 Closest to the invention in terms of essential features is a device for protecting juvenile fish from getting into water intakes. The device for protecting juvenile fish from getting into water intakes is a three-dimensional filtering cartridge, which is a panel consisting of 2 ... 4 packets of wooden overlapping slats of rectangular or square cross-section. External, washed by the river flow, the package consists of 2 ... 3 layers of rails with a cross section of 13 x 13 mm, arranged in increments of 25 mm. This package has the smallest cell size. The middle package consists of 25 x 25 mm rails with a pitch of 50 mm, and the inner one is 50 x 50 and 100 mm, respectively. The bags are tightly pressed against each other and pulled together by a metal frame inserted into the guide groove design of the water intake windows (Poryadin A.F. Design and operation of water intakes. M .: Stroyizdat, 1984. p. 183) (p. 74).

The disadvantages of the prototype is that the device swells, the packages expand, and the cassettes jam in the groove structures of the water intake windows. In addition, the weight of the device in a swollen state is large (160 ... 170 kg per 1 m ² ), and the rate of water filtration through it is negligible - v _f = 0.1 ... 0.12 m / s.

 The described essential features of the claimed invention distinguish it from the closest analogue, since the invention uses means that provide a new technical result.

 The technical result consists in the fact that the quality of protection of juvenile fish increases due to an increase in the volume of the filter cartridge (taking into account the biological factors of the behavior of the fish on the approach to the filter cartridge), an increase in the rate of filtration through the filter cartridge, lower cost of the filter cartridge, and lower operational costs due to easier replacement of volumetric filter cartridges.

 The invention consists in the following.

 Volumetric filter cartridge 1 is a metal rectangular contour frame 2 with grooves on the inner side 3. In a metal rectangular contour frame 2 in the grooves on the inner side 3 are tightly permeable filtering plastic pipes 4. The ratio of the diameter of the permeable filtering plastic pipes 4 to the diameter of the holes of the permeable filtering plastic pipes 4 - 1/10 ... 1/20. So that the permeable filtering plastic pipes 4 are installed tightly, the dimensions of the metal rectangular contour frame 2 must be a multiple of the diameter of the permeable filtering plastic pipes 4. The material from which the permeable filtering plastic pipes 4 are made is plastic masses that are strong enough not to collapse during installation and operation of the volumetric filter cartridge 1. Water-permeable filter plastic pipes 4 are manufactured under production conditions by casting, perforation or other known methods, followed by processing. A metal rectangular contour frame 2, in the grooves on the inner side 3 of which tightly installed permeable filtering plastic pipes 4, is made of durable metal. Water-permeable filter plastic pipes 4 can be placed in the volumetric filter cartridge 1 vertically or horizontally, in one row or several rows. The volumetric filter cartridge 1 is equipped on land, and then, from the watercraft, for example, from a barge, lowered into the water and installed in the guide groove structure 5 inlet windows 6 of the flooded intake head of the intake 7. The guide groove design 5 inlet windows 6 of the flooded intake head of the intake 7 are made of metal and mounted in place of the entrance windows 6 of the flooded water intake head of the intake 7 during the construction of the flooded water intake head of the intake 7.

 The description of the invention contains a drawing, figure 1 presents a fragment of the device is a permeable filtering plastic pipe 4; figure 2 shows the flooded water intake head of the intake 7 with inserted into the guide groove structure 5 of the input window 6 of the volumetric filter cartridge 1; figure 3 - the order of the possible placement of permeable filtering plastic pipes 4 in the volumetric filter cartridge 1.

 The device comprises a volumetric filtering cartridge 1, consisting of a metal rectangular contour frame 2 with grooves on the inner side 3, in which watertight filtering plastic pipes 4 are tightly mounted. Volumetric filtering cartridge 1 is located in the guide groove structure 5 of the inlet window 6 of the flooded water intake head of the intake 7.

 The device is implemented in several copies - industrial designs.

 It has the following weight and dimensions.

 The weight of the volumetric filter cartridge in running order is from 100 to 500 kg.

 Dimensions: device height - up to 2000 mm; device length - up to 2000 mm; device width - up to 500 mm.

 The device operates as follows.

 After installing the volumetric filter cartridge 1 in the guide groove structures 5 of the inlet window 6 of the flooded water intake head of the intake 7, the device is ready for operation. Water enters the pumping station of the water intake structure through the inlet window 6 of the flooded water intake head of the water intake 7 and, when passing through the volumetric filter cartridge 1, is filtered. When filtering water, a delay of juvenile fish occurs.

 Protection of juvenile fish from getting into the intake is as follows.

 Protection of juvenile fish with the help of the invention is based on the biological laws of the behavior of fish in the water stream. Previous studies (for example, DS Pavlov, AM Pakhorukov. Biological basis for protecting fish from getting into water intake facilities. M: Light and food industry, 1983. P. 264), it was proved that juvenile fish avoid streams filtering through a volumetric barrier. If the filtering barrier is a grid, that is, a non-voluminous device, young fish are not able to feel the organs of the lateral line of the existing barrier and is pressed against the grid. The juvenile fish pressed to the net cannot move away from the net and die. The volumetric filtering cassette allows young fish to feel an obstacle with the help of the lateral line organ, and young fish, actively resisting the flow, leave the danger zone in the transit flow area, from where it is taken to a safe place.

 Thus, the invention allows you to take water from surface sources and at the same time, unlike many existing devices and methods, protect the young fish from getting into the water intake.

Claims (4)

 1. Device for protecting juvenile fish from getting into the water intake, containing a volumetric filter cartridge installed in the guide groove design of the input window of the flooded water intake head of the water intake, consisting of a metal rectangular contour frame with grooves on the inside, characterized in that in a metal rectangular contour frame in the grooves on the inside there are tightly permeable filtering plastic pipes with a ratio of diameter to hole diameter of 1 / 10-1 / 20, with a width of The metallic rectangular contour frame is a multiple of the outer diameter of the permeable filter plastic pipes.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in a metal rectangular contour frame in grooves on the inner side, water-permeable filtering plastic pipes are installed vertically.  3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that in a metal rectangular contour frame in grooves on the inner side of the permeable filtering plastic pipes are installed horizontally.  4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that in a metal rectangular contour frame in grooves on the inner side tightly installed permeable filtering plastic pipes in several rows.

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