RU2180493C2 - Radiant drying unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: drying grape and fruit by means of solar energy. SUBSTANCE: unit has double-layer cover with net and corrugated material; perforated screen is placed under net; the latter is secured on frame and external cover is bow-mounted. EFFECT: enhanced drying process, improved quality of product. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to devices for drying grapes and fruits using solar energy.

 Known "Solar radiation drying installation" with the natural movement of air (MM Mirzaev and others. The use of solar plants for drying fruits and grapes // Canning and vegetable drying industry. -1983. - 11), located at an angle to the horizon and includes a wooden box , insulated from above with single-layer glazing, with mesh trays installed inside.

 The well-known "Solar radiation drying installation" (G. G. Umarov. The integrated use of solar energy for drying fruits and grapes // Issues of drying and processing of fruit and grape products. Department of propaganda and implementation of science, technology and best practices of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Uzbek SSR. -1981 .-C.35), including a box with a coating and trays.

 A disadvantage of the known installations is the low speed of the drying process and the quality of the product.

 Known "Radiation drying installation" (patent 2027963, Mcl A 01 G 1/06 - prototype), comprising a two-layer transparent coating with bases located under it, made respectively with a mesh and corrugated material.

 The disadvantage of the drying installation is the need to release the upper base from the film shelters when laying and removing the product, since the mesh is attached to the racks and sides.

 During the drying process, the product decreases in volume, gaps between the berries appear, and the sun's rays fall to a greater extent on the base, heat it or reflect, not taking part in the heating of the air passing over the base in the working section. In addition, wooden blocks are used to hold the external film shelter, which occupy about one tenth of the useful radiation-perceptible surface of the installation at noon. In the morning and evening hours, the bars to an even greater extent block the sun's rays (if you do not deploy the dryer), which reduces the efficiency of the drying process, affects the quality of the product by increasing the drying time.

 The aim of the invention is to achieve the convenience of loading and unloading the product, accelerating the drying process and improving the quality of the finished product.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in a radiation drying installation, including a two-layer transparent coating with bases located above them, made respectively with a mesh and corrugated material, a blackened screen with holes is located under the mesh, the mesh is mounted on a sliding frame, and the external transparent coating is mounted on arcs .

 These differences are significant, since a blackened screen with holes completely covers the upper base from sunlight penetrating through the product, while it is additionally heated and gives off heat to the air flow passing through the holes in the screen. Its temperature rises and the drying process proceeds more intensively, while the efficiency of the dryer increases.

 Mesh fastening on a sliding frame contributes to the convenience of loading and unloading the product and saving drying time. The use of arcs for installing an external transparent film coating increases the radiation perception surface of the entire installation, which also contributes to an increase in the temperature of the drying agent and, consequently, to intensification of the process and improvement of product quality by reducing drying time and mold damage.

 Figure 1 shows a side view of a drying unit (impermeable side of the upper base is not shown); figure 2 is a top view of a drying unit; figure 3 is a view A on the right side of the upper base; figure 4 is a section bB of the right side of the lower base.

In the drawings and in the text, the following notation:
1 - upper base
2 - lower base
3 - flexible tape,
4 - telescopic site
5 - impermeable sides,
6 - mesh
7 - retractable frame,
8 - screen
9 - holes
10 - wooden blocks,
11 - corrugated material
12 - film coating
13, 14 - channels for air flow,
15 - short wooden bars,
16 - arcs
17 is an outer film coating,
18 - bars
19 - clothespin
20 - corner.

 The radiation dryer contains an upper flat rectangular base 1 and a lower base 2 with a continuous transition for air flow, articulated for this purpose by means of a flexible tape 3, which also provides the possibility of changing the angle of installation using the holes of the telescopic assembly 4. On the upper base 1, impermeable sides 5 of wooden blocks and a mesh 6 for product placement are installed, which together with permeable sides forms a Z-shaped element and protects the product from the notches washed. The grid 6 is mounted on a sliding bar frame 7. Under the grid 6 is a screen 8 with slotted holes 9, which is made of blackened thin sheet or sheet of aluminum. The holes 9 in the screen 8 were obtained by cutting in a sheet on three sides of the hole and bending along the whole side of the cut part.

 On the lower base 2, wooden blocks 10 are installed to give rigidity to the base, and corrugated material 11 and the inner transparent film coating 12 are snug against them. The corrugated material 11 also holds the shelter 12 from sagging, forming channels 13 and 14 for air flow together with the base 2 2, indicated by arrows: a channel under the corrugated material 13 and above the channel 14. Above the bars 10 are installed short wooden bars 15, which press against the bars 10 the edges of the corrugated material 11 and the shelter 12. In the bars 1 5, holes are made for installing arcs 16 holding the outer cover 17. Between the bars 5 of the upper base 1 and the bars 10 of the lower base 2, rods 18 are installed, which serve to fasten the coatings 12 and 17 with clothespins 19. The bases 1 and 2 are pressed against the bars 5 and 10 by aluminum (for ease) by corners 20, which also serve to fasten coatings 12 and 17 with clothespins 19, and to install a telescopic assembly 4. The ends of the arches 16 above the upper base are free. The middle arc 16 is bent at the end and rests on the bar 18, and the ends of the extreme arcs 16 are bent, lie on the bars 5 over the inner cover 12, and the very end is bent behind the corner 20. A small allowance is made at the air outlet from the effects of north winds transparent films of coatings 12 and 17.

 Installation works as follows.

 The installation is placed lower base 2 perpendicular to the sun at noon. The product is placed on the grid 6, previously, fully or partially, by sliding the frame 7. Install it in place.

 The sun's rays heat the blackened corrugated material 11, which gives off heat to the passing air stream through the channels 13 and 14. Due to the fact that the grid 6 is made in the form of a Z-shaped element, the air stream enters both under the product, penetrating through it, and passes over the product into close proximity to it thanks to a narrow gap in the working section. Under the product, the air stream penetrates through the slotted openings in the screen 8, which overlaps the upper base 1 from the sun's rays, and the blackened screen 8 is not heated, but the reflection of direct sunlight is excluded, which more and more gets to the base as the product dries. 1 (table).

 The economic effect for the drying season of grapes 1 month for 1 dryer in comparison with the prototype is 70 rubles.

Claims (1)

 A radiation drying installation, including a two-layer transparent coating with bases located under it, made respectively with a mesh and corrugated material, characterized in that a blackened screen with holes is located under the mesh, the mesh is mounted on a sliding frame, and the external transparent coating is installed on the arcs.

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