JP5601702B2 - Plant cultivation house - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant cultivation house that blocks direct sunlight to prevent an increase in house temperature and enables cultivation of vegetables such as radishes and fruits even in summer.

In the southern part of Japan, such as the Okinawa region, it is possible to cultivate crabs such as bitter gourd during the summer, but in the cultivation of vegetables such as radish, tomato, spinach and lettuce, the efficiency of photosynthesis is usually above 35 ° C. The yield was significantly reduced and the cultivation was unsuitable due to high temperatures in summer. For this reason, the vegetable self-sufficiency rate in Okinawa is 30% or less, and 70% or more relies on purchasing from other prefectures.
In order to cope with this, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, in a region where the temperature is high in summer such as Okinawa, a gardening house for reducing the temperature by opening and closing a perforated shading vinyl film on the ceiling is proposed. Has been.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-33

However, the conventional greenhouse of Patent Document 1 has a problem that the lightness (look) in the house becomes uneven due to the light-shielding vinyl film, and accordingly, the growth of vegetables and fruits also becomes uneven. There was a problem that the productivity of fruits and fruits also decreased.
An object of the present invention is to produce a normal vegetable and fruit in a plant cultivation house, particularly in a plant cultivation house in an area where cultivation of vegetables and fruits is not suitable in summer, while creating shade and making the inside of the house uniform in brightness. It aims to provide an improved plant cultivation house.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of claim 1 is a transparent or translucent structure in which an outer frame vertical pole is set up on a rectangular base frame that can be assembled, and the outer frame horizontal pole is hung over the outer frame vertical pole. It is a kamaboko-shaped plant cultivation house that is covered with a frame-forming film and has a semicircular cross section.
A heat insulating material that provides a ceiling reflective film that reflects inward to the inside of the ceiling portion of the kamaboko-type house that is irradiated with sunlight during the day, and that blocks heat between the ceiling reflective film and the frame forming film Intervene,
A low-position reflective film is provided on the entire inner circumference of the predetermined height from the ground surface of the side wall surface of the kamaboko-shaped house to uniform the brightness of the ground surface in the house ,
In order to lower the surface temperature at night, a heat absorption accumulation plate was arranged along the lower side wall inside the kamaboko-shaped plant cultivation house, and a cooling water circulation hose was arranged to circulate the cooling water on it. It is a characteristic plant cultivation house.

Since it is the above structure, according to invention of the plant cultivation house of Claim 1, in addition to the function of rain prevention and a pest prevention originally in a house, in the plant cultivation house of the cultivation unsuitable area of vegetables and fruits in summer In addition to creating shade, it is possible to make the inside of the house suitable for cultivation of leafy vegetables and the like, and make the brightness uniform to every corner, thereby improving the production of normal vegetables and fruits without any spots.
Moreover, cyclic to by the ceiling reflective film and the heat insulating material, it is possible to suppress the temperature rise in the house, further it is possible to further improve the conventional vegetables and production of fruit, heat absorbing storage plate and the cooling water thereon The cooling water circulation hose can lower the surface temperature at night compared to the daytime, and can promote the growth of vegetables and fruits in addition to the effect of the first aspect.
Above all, as a result, the above-mentioned inventions enable year-round cultivation of vegetables and fruits not only in Okinawa but also in other regions in the high temperature season in summer, and their production is greatly expanded to increase local self-sufficiency and lower costs. Can do. Furthermore, it becomes easier to control the cultivation at the time of planting such as delayed production of vegetables and fruits, and the selection of crop cultivation in spring, summer, autumn and winter can be expanded.

Sectional drawing explaining the whole plant cultivation house of this invention, The partial top view of the plant cultivation house of FIG. FIG. 1 is a plan view of the rectangular base frame 11 of FIG. The expansion perspective view of the corner | angular part of the rectangular basic frame 11 of FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a side view of the rectangular base frame 11 of FIG. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a completed part of the greenhouse of FIG. FIG. 1 shows a comparison of the temperature in the house during the daytime in fine weather between the example of the present invention and the conventional example [Table 1]. Figure [Table 2], Comparison of house temperature during nighttime in sunny weather Figure [Table 3] Comparison of house temperature during cloudy daytime Figure [Table 4] Comparison of house temperature during cloudy night Figure [Table 5], Comparison of brightness in house during sunny daytime Figure [Table 6] Comparison of brightness in house during cloudy night FIG. 7 shows a comparison of the temperature in the house with and without the use of cooling water during clear daytime in the examples. It is a figure of a comparison [Table 8] of the temperature in a house in the presence or absence of the use of the cooling water at the time of the fine weather same as the above.

  By shielding direct sunlight and making the inside of the house cooler than the outside air, and making the brightness on the surface of the house uniform, ordinary crops of vegetables and fruits can be cultivated throughout the year.

An example of a suitable plant cultivation house of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the overall outline of the plant cultivation house 1 of the present embodiment is a long and narrow plastic house with a semi-circular cross section and a longitudinal direction facing east and west (EW). First, a rectangular base frame 11 is constructed as a whole on the ground surface of the house, semicircular outer frame vertical poles 12 are set at equal intervals, and a linear outer frame horizontal pole 13 is stretched over the frame. The frame is covered with a transparent or translucent outer film 2 which is a frame forming film, and the appearance of the plant cultivation house is constructed.
A side wall surface of the kamaboko-type house is attached to the inside of the ceiling portion of the outer film 2 that is exposed to the direct sunlight of the sun during the day, by reflecting the internal light to the ground surface via the heat insulating material 5. A low-position reflective film 4 is provided on the entire inner circumference at a predetermined height from the ground so that the brightness in the house, particularly on the ground surface, is always uniform.
Furthermore, in order to lower the surface temperature at night, a heat absorption accumulation plate 6 is arranged along the lower portion of the inner side wall of the plant cultivation house 1, and cooling water is circulated from the water accumulation device 7 on the heat absorption accumulation plate 6. A cooling water circulating hose 71 is arranged.

  The rectangular base frame 11 is a large rectangle as shown in the plan view of FIG. 3, and the rectangular base frame 11 is shown in an enlarged perspective view of the corner of the rectangular base frame 11 of FIG. A fixing member 114 for an anchor bolt is provided at an appropriate position, and is fixed to the ground surface G by the anchor bolt 15 or the like. Further, as shown in the right side view of FIG. 5, the rectangular base frame 11 has a large number of pole support members 111 of about 50 cm vertically provided at almost equal intervals. The frame-shaped outer frame vertical pole 12 is sequentially inserted to complete the frame of the outer frame vertical pole 12, and the outer frame horizontal pole 13 (see FIG. 6) is passed to the outer frame vertical pole 12 to complete the entire frame. . Further, along the outer edge of the outer rectangular base frame 11, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a film fixing wire 16 is stretched around a fastener 161 provided on the rectangular basic frame 11, After covering the above-mentioned various films 2, 3, 4, and 5 with a framework, the lower ends of these films 2, 3, 4, and 5 are sandwiched and fixed. The completed state has an appearance as shown in the perspective view of FIG.

  Note that the rectangular base frame 11 in FIG. 4 can be assembled into a large rectangle on the site by means of the coupling metal 112 and the bolt 113. Conventionally, the lower end of the outer frame vertical pole 12 has been directly stabbed into the ground surface G by using this rectangular base frame body 11, but the outer frame vertical pole 12 can be simply inserted into the pole support member 111 in order. The frame vertical pole 12 can be framed, and the entire outer frame vertical pole 12 can be installed neatly. Also, a greenhouse can be easily constructed on concrete or hard rock, and the film can be fixed. There are a number of advantages such as a simple operation just by being sandwiched between the film fastening wires 16.

Here, the outer film (frame forming film) 2 in FIG. 1 of the present example uses a transparent film having a thickness of 0.150 mm (CI Kasei Co., Ltd .: Tekinashi Five (trademark)), and sunlight is used. A ceiling reflective film 3 having a reflective layer is provided on the inside of the ceiling solar radiation portion T1 on the south (S) side of the irradiated T. The ceiling reflective film 3 has a thickness of 0.07 mm (Hitachi AIC). Co., Ltd .: Poly-Shan Handy (trademark) aluminum foil affixed with a heat insulating material 5 between the outer film (frame forming film) 2 and the ceiling reflective film 3, and this heat insulating material. No. 5 is a white film that reflects sunlight and has a thickness of 0.075 mm ((CI Chemical Co., Ltd .: White and White Coat Five (trademark)).
The ceiling reflection film 3 further diffuses the shaded light that shines into the north house to make the brightness in the house uniform and ensure the brightness of sunlight suitable for crop cultivation. Moreover, the heat of the outer film 2 is prevented from being transferred into the house by sticking the surface white heat insulating material 5 to the lower side of the outer film 2.

Reflecting mirrors are formed around the low-position reflecting film 4 at low positions on the entire inner circumference S1 having a height of 20 to 50 cm from the ground surface G of the side wall surfaces S on both sides. This is because weeds etc. make shade in the outside of the plant cultivation house 1 to prevent the growth of the plant, so light is irradiated to the corner by the reflection of the aluminum foil even at the low position of this inner circumference S1. Surprisingly, the plant grows smoothly in this part. The height of 20 to 50 cm is 20 cm or less due to the shadow of the base frame 11, and the range of 20 to 50 cm is that the shade around the plant cultivation house 1 is within this range. This is because it may be about 80 cm if necessary. Of course, in a place where there is a building, the height of the low position reflective film 4 may be determined accordingly.
In addition, a lateral pole 14 for film protection is separately provided for reinforcement at appropriate positions of the reflective film 3 and the low-position reflective film 4.
The sunlight-collecting part that is not a direct sunlight beam is a part between the ceiling shade part T2 of the ceiling part T and the side wall part S between the ceiling part T and the side wall face S where the low-position reflective film 4 is not provided inside the side wall face S. However, it is possible to take in sufficient brightness for plant cultivation with only this transparent or translucent part. A ventilation fan 8 having a ventilation blocking door 81 is provided at an appropriate position of the daylighting portion, and releases moisture to prevent illness.

A heat accumulating plate 6 is arranged along the lower part of the side wall surface S inside the plant cultivation house 1, which absorbs and accumulates cold heat such as cooling water at night, and is an aqueous acrylic resin containing a black dye. This is a porous material in which silica, silica fiber and silica fiber are mixed and hardened, which allows water to pass through and has a very high heat accumulation effect. This manufacturing method will be described in more detail.
Raw material content,
(1) Kashiwa Fiber:
Dry koji after extraction of general nutritional components (extracts) from kummai mushroom leaves, which uses vegetable fibers that are no longer spoiled or deteriorated as a main component. Persimmon leaves, especially Kumai persimmon leaves, which have been conventionally discarded after the extraction of general nutritional components (extracts), are used to reduce the environmental burden.
(2) Silica gel:
It is called “Shintenishi” (black natural mineral) due to particles on the sand (Manufacturer: Kaminokuni Tourism Promotion Corporation)
(3) Synthetic resin paint (water-based black acrylic resin (manufacturer: Dainippon Paint Co., Ltd.))
The above raw materials are mixed in a 20cm x 30cm x (2-6cm: height) frame with 28% by weight specific fiber, 22% silica, 15% aqueous acrylic, 35% water, dried, and dried. A plate is manufactured (the size of the heat storage plate 6 may be set to an appropriate size according to the construction area).
Of course, this heat storage plate 6 transmits the cool air of the next cooling water circulation hose 71 to the ground surface, but this heat storage plate 6 may be omitted and placed directly on the ground surface.

  Next, a cooling water circulation hose 71 made of a heat conductive material is disposed on the heat storage plate 6. The cooling water circulation hose 71 is arranged so that the cooling water accumulated in the cooling water accumulating device 7 is circulated by the pump P at night or the like, and is circulated from the pump P at the outlet 72 of the cooling water accumulating device 7. It collects from 73, and in the heat absorption accumulation board 6 and the plant cultivation house 1, ground surface temperature is lowered somewhat from daytime, and the growth of a plant is promoted. The heat storage plate 6 and the cooling water circulation hose may be disposed not only at the lower part of the side wall surface S but also at the center of the house. This cooling water circulating hose 71 is a black elastic resin tube (Sunny hose (trademark)) having a thickness of 0.20 mm, a diameter of 15 cm, and a total length of 12 mm, and is arranged over the entire inner circumference S1 of the side wall in the house (solid line in FIG. 1). Part).

Cooling water accumulation in the cooling water accumulating device 7 is usually about 2 to 3 ° C. lower than the outside air due to the loss of heat of vaporization even in the summer if the sunlight is not directly irradiated. Even if it is lowered by about ~ 3 ° C, it is sufficiently effective for plant growth. Of course, if the cooling is not sufficient, the cooling water may be separately produced by using the night power and the cooling water may be used.
Moreover, although the plant cultivation house 1 of an Example orient | assigned the longitudinal direction to east-west (EW), depending on the case, it may be necessary to orient the longitudinal direction to east-west (EW), but in this case, ceiling part T However, the ceiling reflective film 3 may be omitted in the vicinity of both lower ends of the ceiling portion T if direct sunlight does not reach the ground surface in the house only by the side wall surface S.
By the way, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a ventilation fan 8 having a ventilation blocking door 81 is arranged at appropriate positions on the side wall surface S and the ceiling shade portion T2 of the plant cultivation house 1, but the humidity in the house is high. Then, leaf vegetables and fruits are more likely to be ill, so in order to prevent these illnesses, it is intended to release moisture to lower the humidity, and operate in the morning where there is not much temperature difference between inside and outside the house. In order to release the moisture in the house, the ventilation fan is usually stopped and the ventilation shut-off door is also shut off.

[Action]
The above plant cultivation house 1 has a width of 4 m, a length of 20 m, and a height of 3 m, and compares the room temperature with a conventional plant cultivation greenhouse with only a vinyl film on the same scale. The results of experiments on operating conditions will be described.
[Table 1] in FIG. 7 and [Table 2] in FIG. 8 are the experimental results of room temperature on a clear day in Okinawa.
[Table 1] in FIG. 7 shows that the outdoor air temperature is 31 ° C. (Okinawa) at daytime AM 12:00, and the plant cultivation house 1 corresponding to the high temperature (corresponding to the summer season) of this embodiment and the conventional vinyl house. It is a comparison of the temperature in a house. In this case, the optimum temperature for vegetable cultivation in the house is shown in the lower row.
This [Table 1] shows that the underground / ground temperature is 4 to 5 ° C lower than that of conventional greenhouses. It was within the range of 30 ° C., and a good situation was obtained for summer crop cultivation.
Next, [Table 2] in FIG. 8 shows an outdoor air temperature of 27 ° C. (Okinawa) when the outdoor air condition is at 1 am at night, and a high temperature (summer season) plant cultivation house 1 of this example and a conventional vinyl house. Compared to the conventional type greenhouse, the underground and ground temperature is 13 to 18 degrees Celsius lower, and the leaf vegetables It was within the range of 15 ° C to 25 ° C in the ground at an appropriate temperature and 20 ° C to 30 ° C above the ground, and a good situation was obtained for crop cultivation in summer.

[Table 3] in FIG. 9 and [Table 4] in FIG. 10 are the experimental results of room temperature on a cloudy day in Okinawa.
[Table 3] in FIG. 9 shows that the outdoor air temperature is 26 ° C. (Okinawa) in the daytime (AM12: 00), the plant cultivation house 1 corresponding to the high temperature (corresponding to the summer season) of this embodiment, and the conventional vinyl house. Compared to conventional plastic greenhouses, the temperature in the ground and ground is 13 to 16 degrees lower than that of conventional plastic houses. It was within the range of 15 ° C to 25 ° C in the ground at an appropriate temperature and 20 ° C to 30 ° C above the ground, and a good situation was obtained for crop cultivation in summer.
Next, [Table 4] in FIG. 10 shows that the outside air temperature is 23 ° C. (Okinawa) at night time (AM 1 o'clock), the plant cultivation house 1 for the high temperature (summer season correspondence) of this embodiment, and the conventional It is a comparison of the temperature in the greenhouse with the greenhouse of this house, but it can be seen from this [Table 4] that the underground and ground temperature is 13 ° C lower than the conventional greenhouse, and the leaf vegetables It was within the range of 15 ° C to 25 ° C in the ground at an appropriate temperature and 20 ° C to 30 ° C above the ground, and a good situation was obtained for crop cultivation in summer.

[Table 5] in FIG. 11 and [Table 6] in FIG. 12 show the indoor brightness between the plant cultivation house 1 of the example and the conventional vinyl film and the greenhouse with only the heat insulating material 5 and no ceiling reflective film 3 attached. The results of experiments on operating and operating conditions will be described.
[Table 5] in Fig. 11 is a daytime (AM12: 00) clear sky (Okinawa), and the brightness outside the house is 94000Lx (Lux), the brightness inside the house is 36600Lx on the ground surface and 2mm33000Lx on the ground. On the other hand, in the house of the present embodiment, the ground surface is 54500 Lx, the ground is 2 mm 53000 Lx, and the leaf vegetable requirement Lx of 20000 Lx or more is satisfied.
[Table 6] in FIG. 12 is cloudy (Okinawa) in the daytime (AM12: 00) and the brightness outside the house is 38000Lx (Lux), the brightness inside the house is 16000Lx on the conventional house and 2mm14200Lx above the ground. Whereas the leaf vegetable requirement Lx is less than 20000Lx, the house of the present embodiment satisfies the leaf vegetable requirement Lx of 20000Lx or more at the ground surface of 23500Lx and the ground surface of 2mm22000Lx.
Thus, in the house of the present embodiment, brightness of 20000 Lx or more of leaf vegetable requirement Lx can be obtained not only on a sunny day but also on a cloudy day.

[Table 7] in FIG. 13 and [Table 8] in FIG. 14 circulate the cooling water in the house with the cooling water circulation hose 71 in the embodiment, and in particular, the temperature of the underground and the ground surface is lowered somewhat. Although the cooling water of the cooling water storage device 7 is not cooled from the outside, sunlight is blocked so that the temperature does not rise, and the cooling water is lowered somewhat by the heat of vaporization of the cooling water itself from the outside air.
[Table 7] in Fig. 13 shows the temperature in the house when the cooling water is circulated and when the cooling water is not circulated at daytime (12:00 AM) and clear weather (Okinawa). The case where the temperature is not used is 26 ° C., but when the cooling water temperature of 20 ° C. is circulated at a flow rate of 6 l / min, the temperature decreases by 2 ° C. to 24 ° C. . Further, even at the surface of 30 cm, 30 ° C. decreased by 3 ° C. to 27 ° C., and even at 1 m of the surface of the ground, 31 ° C. decreased by 4 ° C. and cooled to 27 ° C.
Furthermore, [Table 8] in FIG. 14 shows the temperature in the house when the cooling water is circulated and when the cooling water is not circulated at night (AM1 o'clock) in fine weather (Okinawa). In the case of circulating at a cooling water temperature of 19 ° C. at a flow rate of 6 l / min, the cooling water temperature is reduced to 2 ° C. and becomes 20 ° C. became. Further, even at the surface of 30 cm, 25 ° C. was lowered by 4 ° C. to 21 ° C., and even at the surface of 1 m, 26 ° C. was lowered by 4 ° C. and cooled to 22 ° C.

As described above, according to the plant cultivation house of the embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the original function of preventing rain and pests in the plant cultivation house 1 in the unsuitable cultivation area of vegetables and fruits in the summer, the shade is created. In addition to making the house suitable for the cultivation of leafy vegetables, etc., it is possible to improve the production of normal vegetables and fruits without any unevenness by making the brightness uniform to every corner. The surface temperature can be lowered, and the growth of vegetables and fruits can be promoted.
In addition, the ventilation door 81 and the ventilation fan 8 are arranged at appropriate positions on the side wall surface S and the ceiling shade part T2 of the plant cultivation house 1 so as to reduce the humidity in the house and prevent leaf vegetables and fruit diseases. Yes.
As a result, year-round cultivation of vegetables and fruits is possible not only in Okinawa but also in other regions, even in the hot summer season, and their production can be greatly expanded to increase local self-sufficiency and lower costs. Furthermore, it becomes easier to control planting cultivation such as delayed production of vegetables and fruits, and the choice of crop cultivation in spring, summer, autumn and winter can be expanded.
Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments as long as the features of the present invention are not impaired.

G ... Ground surface, S ... Side wall surface, S1 ... Inside circumference of side wall,
T ・ ・ Ceiling part, T1 ・ ・ Ceiling sunlight irradiation part, T2 ・ ・ Ceiling shade part,
1 ... Plant cultivation house, 11 ... Base frame, 111 ... Pole support member,
112 .. Joining bracket, 113 .. Bolt,
114 .. Fixing member for anchor bolt,
12. ・ Outer frame vertical pole, 13. ・ Outer frame horizontal pole,
14 .. Horizontal pole for film protection, 15. Anchor bolt,
16 .. Wire for film stop, 161 .. Fastener,
2. Outer film (frame forming film)
3. Ceiling reflective film,
4. Low-position reflective film,
5. Heat insulation material 6. Heat storage plate,
7. Cooling water storage device, 71 ... Cooling water circulation hose,
8. Ventilation fan, 81 ... Ventilation blocking door

Claims (1)

A frame- shaped plant with a semicircular cross-section as a whole, with an outer frame vertical pole standing on a rectangular base frame that can be assembled, the outer frame vertical pole spanned over the outer frame horizontal pole and covered with a transparent or translucent frame forming film A cultivation house,
A heat insulating material that provides a ceiling reflective film that reflects inward to the inside of the ceiling portion of the kamaboko-type house that is irradiated with sunlight during the day, and that blocks heat between the ceiling reflective film and the frame forming film Intervene,
A low-position reflective film is provided on the entire inner circumference of the predetermined height from the ground surface of the side wall surface of the kamaboko-shaped house to uniform the brightness of the ground surface in the house ,
In order to lower the temperature of the surface of the house at night, a heat absorption storage plate is arranged along the lower side wall inside the kamaboko type plant cultivation house, and a cooling water circulation hose is arranged on the cooling water circulation circuit. A plant cultivation house characterized by that.

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