JP6047594B2 - Agricultural house - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an agricultural house, and more particularly to an agricultural house that is excellent in heat insulation and further excellent in air permeability.

Conventionally, agricultural houses have air permeability, and glass and vinyl sheets are commonly used for the outer skin. Agricultural houses can be operated regardless of the weather such as the season and rain, and the house is in a greenhouse-like environment, so it is convenient for growing various crops, vegetables and petals even in winter. It was.
However, conventional agricultural houses and greenhouses are made by combining metal steel and pipes to form a frame, and the outer shell of this frame is covered with a transparent resin sheet, such as a vinyl sheet, or transparent glass. Or a resin-based plate or the like.
Moreover, in the case of an agricultural house where the frame body is made of metal pipes, the pipes are fine and the vinyl sheet of the outer shell also has to be replaced in 3 to 5 years, so it also costs maintenance, strong winds and tornadoes, It is also true that it has a short life as an agricultural house because it is vulnerable to heavy snow.
Therefore, Patent Document 1 proposes to adopt wood as a basic skeleton structure and to combine this with a special structure of the foundation. This makes it possible to obtain an agricultural wooden house that has higher heat insulation performance, is cheaper, has a longer life, and can be increased in size than conventional greenhouses and greenhouses as agricultural facilities.

JP 2006-121908 A

In an existing agricultural house / greenhouse (hereinafter collectively referred to as an agricultural house), indoor heat warmed by solar heat in the winter is easily released to the outside through members constituting the agricultural house. Glass and vinyl sheets used for the outer shell, and steel and metal pipes that make up the frame have high thermal conductivity, so it is easy to release heat through the entire building when exposed to the outside air. The actual situation is that a large amount of energy is consumed.
On the other hand, in the agricultural house of Patent Document 1 in which the frame is made of wood, the wood has low thermal conductivity, and the high heat storage and humidity control properties of the wood itself can be utilized. Compared to the body, the release of heat to the outside can be greatly suppressed.

However, according to the study of the present inventor, the release of heat to the outside has not been sufficiently suppressed by merely using the frame as wood.
Then, this invention aims at providing the agricultural house which has the high heat insulation performance which can fully suppress discharge | release of the heat | fever outside.

For this purpose, the present invention comprises a foundation and a building body provided on the foundation, and has a cultivation space having a width direction and a longitudinal direction inside, and is built on an agricultural land. The foundation includes a foundation structure and a foundation heat insulating layer that surrounds the cultivation space and the foundation structure , and a part of the lower part is embedded in the ground of the farmland , and the building body is connected to the foundation, A plurality of pillars standing on the foundation structure, a main body heat insulating layer disposed outside the plurality of pillars, an outer wall partitioned from the cultivation space via the main body heat insulating layer, and a roof that continues to the outer wall and covers the cultivation space from above The main daylighting area of sunlight is limited to the roof.
The foundation structure of the present invention includes a plurality of support piles partially driven into the ground, a plurality of support pipes supported by the support piles and installed along the width direction, and supported by the support pipes in the longitudinal direction. A plurality of lower support pipes installed along the base, and a plurality of upper support pipes supported by the support piles at predetermined intervals above the lower support pipes and installed along the longitudinal direction. The heat insulating layer is supported by the lower support tube.
Further, the building body of the present invention is supported by the upper support pipe and supports a plurality of pillars, a plurality of large forks provided in a lattice shape in a region surrounded by the plurality of foundations, and a plurality of foundations A ventilation floor panel laid in contact with a plurality of large pulls.

In the agricultural house of the present invention, it is preferable that the building body includes a reflective layer on the side wall for reflecting sunlight taken from the roof in the cultivation space.
Moreover, in the agricultural house of this invention, it is preferable that the structural member which makes a foundation and a building main body consists of wood.
Moreover, in the agricultural house of this invention, it is preferable that the roof has a single-flow shape and is arranged so that the surface of the roof faces the south side.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the agricultural house which has the high heat insulation which can fully suppress discharge | release of the heat | fever to the exterior can be provided.

The agricultural house in this Embodiment is shown, (a) is a front view, (b) is a rear view. 1A is a left side view, and FIG. 1B is a right side view. It is a cross-sectional view of the agricultural house of FIG. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the installation procedure of the agricultural house of FIG. 1, and shows the step which attaches a heat insulating material around a base. It is a figure explaining the aeration floor panel with which the agricultural house of FIG. 1 is provided.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on an agricultural house 1 according to an embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings.
The agricultural house 1 according to the present embodiment is characterized in that most of sunlight is incident through the roof, and the foundation portion and the outer wall portion have high heat insulation performance.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the agricultural house 1 is provided on the farmland 5, and includes a foundation 10 and a unitized building body 30 provided on the foundation 10. In addition, it has an appearance in which the dimension of the length (longitudinal direction) L is larger than the width (width direction) W.
The agricultural house 1 is constructed on the farmland 5 so that the single-flow roof 40 faces the south side by specifying the direction in which it is installed, and the roof 40 is made of a permeable material. Therefore, most of sunlight is incident through the roof 40.
In addition, the agricultural house 1 is configured such that the side wall portion of the building body 30 excluding the roof 40 is made of a material having light shielding properties and heat insulation properties, and the foundation 10 is partially embedded in the ground of the farmland 5. By providing the heat insulating layer (basic heat insulating layer) 23, high heat insulating performance is realized on the outer wall surface.

[Composition of agricultural house 1]
The foundation 10 is not a high-cost concrete structure because the building load of the agricultural house 1 is light, but it is mainly composed of a combination of structural single pipes P and used as a structure that can sufficiently withstand durability, earthquake resistance, and wind resistance. Later, as a specification of a special steel structure that can be easily removed, the construction is fast and the cost is low.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the foundation 10 includes a foundation structure 11 using a combination steel material of a structural single pipe P, and a heat insulating layer 23 arranged so as to surround the periphery thereof.
Moreover, in order to supply fresh air into the agricultural house 1, not only mechanical ventilation but also a natural damper 25 is installed to supply natural air.
The foundation structure 11 is supported by a plurality of support piles 12 in which a steel pile of a structural single pipe P is vertically driven into the ground of the farmland 5 to a predetermined position, and clamps that are connection fittings installed on the support pile 12. A plurality of support tubes 13, a lower support tube 14, and an upper support tube 15 are provided on the outer peripheral portion.
The support piles 12 are provided at predetermined positions in the outer peripheral portion of the agricultural house 1, both end portions in the width direction W, and the central portion, and are similarly provided at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction L of the agricultural house 1. It is done.
Further, the support pipe 13 in the width direction W is fixedly installed by the support piles 12 in the same manner as the lower support pipe 14 and the upper support pipe 15, but when provided along the width direction W, the agricultural house When there is a problem at the entrance of 1 or the like, the part is reinforced as a construction method that can be connected in the ground.
In the longitudinal direction L of the agricultural house 1, a lower support pipe 14 and an upper support pipe 15 are provided corresponding to the support pile 12.
Both ends of the support pipe 13 protrude beyond the support piles 12 provided at both ends in the width direction W by a predetermined dimension to the outside in the width direction W. The structural single pipe P is provided on the upper surface of each protruding portion. A lower support tube 14 that is cut as short as the diameter is fixed. Further, an upper support tube 15 made of the same member as the lower support tube 14 is fixed to the support pile 12 with a predetermined interval above the lower support tube 14.
Thus, the support pipe 13, the lower support pipe 14, and the upper support pipe 15 are provided only at positions corresponding to the support piles 12 on the outer peripheral portion.
In addition, a steel floor bundle 20 for supporting the load of the building is attached to the lower part of the outer peripheral base at an appropriate position, and an adjustment function for maintaining the levelness is provided. It will be installed on the meteorite 21 and fixed to the foundation.

As shown in FIG. 4 (a), the support tube 13, the lower support tube 14 and the upper support tube 15 have special L-shaped brackets for fixing the base of the building body 30 and the basic heat insulating material as shown in FIG. A connection fitting (clamp) 16 with is attached to a predetermined position of the lower support pipe 14, and a base plate 18 which is a receiving material for fixing the basic heat insulating material is fixed. In addition, the connection bracket 17 is also attached to the upper support pipe 15 at a predetermined position, and the building body 30 is sequentially assembled by tightly fixing to the base 19A of the building body (unitized) 30. Similarly, in the width direction W, a special connection fitting 16 is attached, and the building main body (unitized) 30 is sequentially assembled by tightly connecting the foundation heat insulating material and the base. The base plate 18 and the base 19A are made of wood, and are respectively disposed and fixed at predetermined positions along the longitudinal direction L and the width direction W.
In the agricultural house 1, for example, facilities for hydroponics are installed, or planters of cultivation soil culture are stacked in layers, and the greenhouse 1 is set in a sealed mode to prevent pests and germs. It is also possible to grow plants using LED (light emitting diode) and sunlight together in a greenhouse that does not enter. At that time, in the region surrounded by the bases 19A and 19A, a plurality of large drawings 19B and 19B are provided in a lattice shape. The base 19 </ b> A and the large fork 19 </ b> B are supported by a steel floor bundle 20. The floor bundle 20 is supported at the lower end by a meteorite 21 fixed to the farmland 5, and the upper end supports the base 19 </ b> A and the large pull 19 </ b> B via a support piece 22.
Note that the structural members of the agricultural house 1 described below are made of wood unless otherwise specified.

As for the foundation 10, the heat insulation layer 23 is constructed in the outermost shell part. The heat insulating layer 23 surrounds the cultivation space 2, and a part of the lower part is embedded in the ground of the farmland 5. The other end side exposed from the ground rises to a height equivalent to the base 19 </ b> A and surrounds the foundation structure 11. It is out. The heat insulation layer 23 is provided with a basic damper 25 penetrating the front and back of the heat insulation layer 23 at an appropriate position.
The heat insulation layer 23 can be configured by combining known panels such as polystyrene foam, urethane foam, phenol foam, and foam obtained by firing polycarbonate at a high magnification. Moreover, resin mortar can be apply | coated to the front and back of these firms, and durability can also be improved.

Next, the building body 30 will be described.
The building body 30 includes a ventilation floor panel 50 that is laid in contact with the base 19A and the fork 19B, which are horizontal members. The ventilation floor panel 50 is directly fixed to the horizontal member by a fastener, and the building body 30 is constructed by a rigid floor construction method (a joistless construction method).

  As shown in FIG. 5, the ventilated floor panel 50 is formed of a structural plywood having a dimensional ratio of short side to long side of 1 × 2 and 3 × 6, 1 m × 2 m, etc., with a plate thickness of 27 mm or more. Is. As shown in FIG. 5A, the vent floor panel 50 has a short groove shape with a predetermined depth (about half the plate thickness) and dimensions from the back surface 52 in the vicinity of the periphery of the back surface 52. The ventilation slit grooves 53 are juxtaposed at regular intervals, and as shown in FIG. 5B, semicircular cutouts 54 reaching the front surface 51 are formed at the edges of the ventilation slit grooves 53. ing. In the same manner, a ventilation slit groove 55 having a long groove shape (about twice as long as the ventilation slit groove 53) cut to the same depth and a predetermined size as the ventilation slit groove 53 is formed on the ventilation floor panel 50. A circular through-hole 56 is formed in the center of the back surface at a predetermined interval along the center line, and penetrates to the front surface at the center of each ventilation slit groove 55.

FIG. 5 (c) shows a back view of a state in which the ventilated floor panel 50 is laid on a horizontal member (such as a large drawing 19A indicated by an imaginary line in the drawing) incorporated in a lattice shape. As shown in the figure, the ventilation slit groove 53 is disposed at symmetrical positions on both sides and both long sides, and when laid in contact with the small edge surface, the ventilation slit groove 53 of the abutted floor panel 50 is in contact. Are arranged so that they communicate with each other, and the notch 54 comes into contact with each other to form a circular through hole.
On the breathable panel 50, for example, a plant facility for hydroponics and a planter for cultivation soil cultivation are cultivated in several stages. It is also possible to cultivate by using the LED and sunlight in combination in a sealed room in which the agricultural house 1 is in a sealed mode and no pests or germs enter.

The building body 30 has a plurality of columns 31 and inter-columns on the base 19A, and further bearing walls (barring or face materials) (31A, 31B), and a heat insulating layer (main body heat insulating layer) 33 is stretched outside without any gaps. A ventilation rim 34 is attached to the outside of the heat insulation layer 33, and an outer wall (material) 35 is constructed on the outer side of the rim 34 without any gaps. Girder 36A, 36B is constructed at the upper end of the pair of columns 31A, 31B arranged in the width direction W, and beams 37 along the width direction W are provided at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction L. . Although the heat insulation layer 33 is comprised with the raw material similar to the heat insulation layer 23 of the foundation 10, the layer 33A which reflects light is formed in the inner surface which faces the cultivation space 2. As shown in FIG. The light reflecting layer 33A is provided to reflect the sunlight taken into the cultivation space 2 so that the sunlight can travel through the cultivation space 2 without leaking. As a light reflection layer, it can comprise, for example by sticking aluminum foil. The heat insulating layer 33 may be made of a material different from that of the heat insulating layer 23.
On the beam 36A, a purlin 39A is provided via a bundle 38A. On the beam 37, a beam 39B is provided at the center in the width direction W via a bundle 38B.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the building body 30 is provided with ventilation opening / closing windows Wi at appropriate positions on the outer wall 35 (south side surface 35S, north side surface 35N) facing south and north. The building body 30 is provided with doors Do for an operator to enter and exit on the outer walls 35 (front surface 35E, rear surface 35W) facing east and west. A ventilation fan Fa is provided at the position.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the roof 40 includes a roof rafter 41 in which a roof rafter 41 is provided in the main building 39 </ b> A, the girder 39 </ b> B, and the girder 36 </ b> B, and a roof outer wall 43 provided on the roof rafter 41 without a gap. . The roof outer wall 43 is made of a material that transmits sunlight. As this material, resins such as polycarbonate, acrylic, and hard vinyl chloride, or glass can be used, but polycarbonate is most preferable from the viewpoint of cost and strength. Moreover, although the roof outer wall 43 can be comprised from a flat raw material, a folded-plate-shaped raw material can be used.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the roof 40 is in the form of a single flow, and the agricultural house 1 is arranged such that the lighting surface 44 that is the surface of the roof 40 faces the south S. The agricultural house 1 takes sunlight into the cultivation space 2 of the agricultural house 1 through the lighting surface 44 of the roof 40. On the side of the roof 40 where the main building 39A is provided, the reflecting surface 47 of the reflecting mirror 46 is provided facing the south S. The reflecting mirror 46 is provided to reflect a part of sunlight taken in through the daylighting surface 44 of the roof 40 toward the cultivation space 2.
In the present embodiment, the inclination angle θ of the roof 40 is arbitrary, but it is preferable to select an angle at which more sunlight can be taken into the cultivation space 2 in consideration of the altitude of the sun in summer and winter.
The roof 40 can be provided with an openable / closable skylight Wi for ventilation in some areas.

[effect]
Next, the effect by the agricultural house 1 of this embodiment is demonstrated.
First, the heat insulation performance by the agricultural house 1 will be described.
In areas other than the extremely cold regions in Japan, even if the surface temperature of a general house becomes -2 ° C, for example, due to radiant cooling at night, the temperature inside the house is only up to about 4 ° C even if no people live. Will not go down. This is because housing exterior materials, structural members, interior materials, and furniture are heat storage materials. However, in the case of an agricultural house that is exposed to the same external air of -2 ° C, it is impossible to stop the outflow of heat to the outside due to the radiative cooling phenomenon at night when the outer skin is only glass or vinyl sheet. If it doesn't work, it will be much cooler than ordinary homes.
Then, since the agricultural house 1 is equipped with the heat insulation layer 23 in the foundation 10, and the heat insulation layer 33 in the building main body 30, even if the outside air becomes low after the sun goes down, The temperature drop can be minimized. Further, the roof 40 of the agricultural house 1 has a large amount of heat flowing out of the outside due to radiative cooling compared to the foundation 10 and the building body 30, but the front surface of the conventional agricultural house is made of glass or the like. Compared to the above, the amount of heat outflow is extremely small, and generally used cold protection sheets can be installed in advance on the ceiling. And since the polycarbonate used by this embodiment has low heat conductivity compared with glass and vinyl, it can suppress the outflow of heat as much as possible.

The heat insulating layer 23 provided on the foundation 10 is extremely important for the agricultural house 1.
When the outside temperature falls at night, the agricultural house 1 is installed with a cold protection sheet for the ceiling installed in the roof inside part in advance to avoid the temperature drop of the cultivation space 2, but the greenhouse takes solar heat in the daytime. It is important to collect heat in the greenhouse and store the ground as a heat storage, and it is possible to block and prevent the heat from being absorbed by the base due to cold air from the outside air or external ground. .
According to the inventor's estimation based on the assumption that the outside air temperature is -2 ° C, in the case where the cold heat is not shielded, the geothermal temperature that can be obtained is 0 to 7 ° C. If cold heat is shielded like this, the surface temperature of the geothermal heat which can be acquired will be 7-10 degreeC, and the temperature of the cultivation space 2 can be maintained at 4-10 degreeC.
The excellent heat insulation performance of the agricultural house 1 is because the structural members such as the base 19A, the large draw 19B, and the pillar 31 are made of wood. The heat stored inside contributes to temperature control in the greenhouse.
Moreover, since the heat insulating material of the heat insulating layer 23 of the foundation 10 has water repellency and is embedded in the ground, moisture contained in the soil around the agricultural house 1 penetrates into the region or It is possible to prevent the water from being absorbed and emitted. For agriculture, it is important to secure moisture and adjust the amount of moisture, and the heat insulating layer 23 is effective in maintaining moisture in addition to maintaining the temperature of the cultivation space 2.

Next, the agricultural house 1 blocks the incidence of sunlight from the front wall 35E, the back surface 35W, the south side surface 35S, and the north side surface 35N, which are the outer walls 35, while substantially transmitting light to the cultivation space 2. It goes only from the roof outer wall 43 made of the material to be made.
Here, in the general agricultural house, when the air in the cultivation space is warmed, all of the things existing in the cultivation space 2 including the growing crops become the same temperature as the temperature in the cultivation space. When the temperature reaches 35 ° C, the crops will also become 35 ° C. However, when sunlight directly hits the crop, the surface temperature of the crop is further increased, and the crop is burned and loses its commercial value. Therefore, if the entire peripheral surface of the agricultural house is made of a light-transmitting material, the probability of causing this burn is significantly increased. Therefore, in the present embodiment, lighting is performed only from the roof outer wall 43 at the top of the agricultural house 1. In addition, by providing a special light reflecting layer on the inner surface of the heat insulating layer 33, the photosynthesis of the agricultural products can be activated by allowing the collected sunlight to spread throughout the cultivation space 2.
It is also possible to adjust the solar radiation in the same manner as before by providing a light-shielding curtain on the ceiling in advance. But according to the agricultural house 1, the area which needs the solar radiation adjustment with a light-shielding curtain can be decreased.

  Next, the agricultural house 1 is excellent in natural ventilation, ventilation, and ventilation. In other words, the air flowing in from the openable and closable foundation damper 25 of the foundation 10 passes above the ventilation slit panel 53 and the cutout 54 arranged over the periphery of the ventilation floor panel 50 and is above the ventilation floor panel 50. Distributes to cultivation space 2. This air is discharged to the outside from an openable / closable window Wi provided near the roof 40. In this way, the air permeability has been improved so that the air flowing into the foundation space flows through the building body 30 by natural convection, so it is possible to cope with long-term power outages due to natural disasters. It is.

As described above, the present invention has been described based on the preferred embodiments. However, the configuration described in the above embodiments can be selected or changed to other configurations as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. is there.
For example, the agricultural house 1 is provided with a high-floored floor using the ventilated floor panel 50, but the present invention can be applied to the agricultural house 1 that can be organically grown on the agricultural ground without providing the floor. .
In addition, the agricultural house 1 is constructed on site at the construction site, but the building body 30 and the heat insulation layer 23 of the foundation 10 are produced and assembled in a factory, divided into several parts, and unitized. Units can be brought to the site and assembled and fixed sequentially. Similarly, the roof 40 can be carried in and attached in a pre-cut state.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Agricultural house 2 Cultivation space 5 Agricultural land 10 Foundation 11 Foundation structure 12 Support pile 13 Support pipe 14 Lower support pipe 15 Upper support pipe 16, 17 Connecting bracket 18 Base plate 19A Base 19B Large draw 20 Floor bundle 21 Meteorite 22 Support piece 23 heat insulation layer 25 foundation damper 30 building body 31, 31A, 31B pillar 33 heat insulation layer 34 trunk edge 35 outer wall 35E front surface 35W rear surface 35N north side surface 35S south side surface 36A, 36B girder 37 beams 38A, 38B bundle 39A purlin 39B girder 40 roof 41 Roof rafter 43 Roof outer wall 44 Lighting surface 46 Reflecting mirror 47 Reflecting surface 50 Ventilated floor panel 51 Front surface 52 Back surface 53, 55 Ventilation slit groove 56 Through hole P Structure single pipe Do Door Wi Opening and closing window

Claims (4)

An agricultural house comprising a foundation and a building body provided on the foundation, having a cultivation space having a width direction and a longitudinal direction inside, and built on farmland,
The basis is
Comprising a basic structure, it surrounds the cultivating space and the basic structure, and the base insulation layer portion of the lower is embedded in the ground of the land, and
The building body is
Contiguous on the foundation, a plurality of pillars erected on the foundation structure, and the body heat insulating layer disposed outside of a plurality of said post, the outer wall which is divided with the cultivating space through said body heat insulation layer, A roof that is continuous with the outer wall and covers the cultivation space from above, and a primary daylighting area of sunlight is limited to the roof ;
The basic structure is
A plurality of support piles partially driven into the ground, a plurality of support pipes supported by the support piles and installed along the width direction, and supported by the support pipes and installed along the longitudinal direction A plurality of lower support pipes, and a plurality of upper support pipes supported by the support piles at a predetermined interval above the lower support pipes and installed along the longitudinal direction, The basic heat insulating layer is supported by the lower support pipe,
The building body is
A plurality of bases supported by the upper support pipe and supporting the plurality of pillars, a plurality of large forks provided in a lattice shape in a region surrounded by the plurality of the bases, a plurality of the bases and the plurality of the large forks A ventilation floor panel laid in contact with,
Agricultural house characterized by that. The building body is
The main body heat insulation layer is provided with a reflective layer that reflects sunlight taken from the roof in the cultivation space.
The agricultural house according to claim 1. The structural member forming the foundation and the building body is made of wood,
The agricultural house according to claim 1 or 2. The roof is in a single-flow form,
The surface of the roof is arranged to face the south side,
The agricultural house as described in any one of Claims 1-3.

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