RU2179649C1 - Method of increasing energy of working medium for producing useful work - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering; power plants and engines operating on hot gases. SUBSTANCE: according to invention, working medium is sucked in three steps, at first step, when piston moves from TDC, air is sucked into engine cylinder from surrounding atmosphere through suction valve, at second step air is expanded, and at third step additional amount of air and water saturated with catalyst and previously processed in cavitation device to form cavitation bubbles are fed. Piston moving from BDC compresses two-component working medium and provides collapsing of cavitation bubbles with liberation of heat. To provide further increase of energy of working medium, electric discharge between electrodes is carried out at expansion stroke when piston moves downwards from TDC. Liberated heat and pressure at steam forming are converted into mechanical work at expansion of working medium. EFFECT: increased efficiency of plants and engines, provision of pollution-free promising power plants. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to energy, power plants and engines operating on hot gases, and power plants using the heat of interaction of elementary particles.

 Known methods for producing useful mechanical energy, including the processes of absorption of the working environment, its compression, heating and expansion. The heating of the working medium in them is carried out both due to direct combustion of the fuel (chemical energy of the fuel), and due to the external transfer of heat when the combustion products of the fuel do not come into contact with the working medium. These methods can be implemented both in reciprocating and gas turbine engines (Stationary gas turbine units. Handbook edited by L.V. Arsenyev. - L.: "Mechanical Engineering", 1989. - p. 15). However, as a rule, expensive organic fuel is used to heat the working environment, and the combustion products have a negative impact on the environment.

 Known steam power plants in which the energy of superheated steam is used to obtain useful mechanical work (A.V. Chechetkin, N.A. Zanemonets. Heat engineering. Textbook. For special universities. - M.: Higher school, 1986.- P. 301 -302). However, to obtain steam, traditional fuels and technologies are used that do not meet modern requirements for resource conservation and ecology.

 There is a method of increasing the energy of the working environment in nuclear reactors by decaying, for example, uranium-235 into elementary particles with the formation of radioactive isotopes (T.Kh. Margulova Atomic Power Plants. -M.: Higher School, 1978.-360 S.). However, this method is environmentally dangerous for all living things on Earth.

 A known method of converting heat into mechanical work, which consists in using the expansion energy of a two-component working fluid: gaseous and pre-heated liquid, and a power plant for its implementation (RF patent 2075599, F 01 K 21/00. Bull. 8 from 03.20.97). However, the heat of combustion of the fuel is used to heat the liquid component.

The phenomenon of ionization (cold plasma chemistry) is known, in which the upper electron shells fly off atoms of oxygen, nitrogen, argon and other gases, and ions and other active particles form. The condition for the occurrence of ionization is determined by a temperature of about 3000 ^o C and can be created due to an electrically exciting pulse (the journal "Industrial Herald", 9.1999, p.19).

 A known method of processing fuel of internal combustion engines by introducing water into it, reducing the pressure in the mixture to form cavitation bubbles and increasing the pressure for their collapse. The cavitation device for producing cavitation bubbles is structurally a specially profiled narrowing and expansion (copyright certificate 1254191, F 02 M 27/00. Bull. 32 from 08/30/86). However, to obtain useful mechanical energy, these engines use expensive fossil fuels.

 A known method of producing thermal energy based on nuclear reactions that occur during the collapse of cavitation bubbles of water. Cavitation bubbles in the liquid are created due to periodically changing pressure in the cavitation device, which is used as an "ultrasonic activator". At the moment of “collapse” of the bubbles, their walls under the action of the pressure difference accelerate, acquire kinetic energy and collide in the center. The amount of energy acquired and concentrated in the microzone is sufficient to break part of the bonds between atoms in molecules and nucleons in atoms and to partially decompose them into elementary particles contained in the processed substance. As a result, in the local area of the substance at the moment the navigation bubble (collapse) disappears, a nuclear reaction occurs with the release of a large amount of thermal energy (RF patent 2054604, F 24 J 3/00. Bull. 5 from 02.20.96). However, the released thermal energy is low potential, which limits the possibility of its use to obtain useful work. In addition, a mandatory liquid state of the substance (working medium) is required.

 There is a method of increasing the energy of the working environment, which consists in exposing the cavitation water to a catalyst, for example an inert argon gas, which enhances the sonoluminescence of water by 30 times (M.A. Margulis. Sound-chemical reactions and sonoluminescence. - M .: Chemistry, 1986. - 288 p. ) However, the absolute energy level in this method is negligible.

 There is a method of increasing the energy of the working medium to perform useful work, which consists in sucking the working medium, compressing it, passing an electrically exciting pulse (electric arc or laser beam) through the compressed working medium with increasing the energy of the working medium and expanding this working medium to obtain useful work. To implement this method, the piston machine is equipped with a cylinder, in the upper part of which there are intake and exhaust valves and electrodes connected to an electric energy generator by electric circuits, as well as a piston reciprocating in the cylinder (application UK 2241746, F 02 G 1 / 02. Abstract journal "Inventions of the World", issue 65, 5, 1993, p. 22). However, a sufficiently powerful generator of electrical energy is needed to ionize and produce excess energy in the working medium (air).

 The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention on the basis of the proposed method for increasing the energy of the working environment is to increase the efficiency (efficiency) of power plants and engines running on hot gases and vapors, and power plants using the energy of interaction of elementary particles, solution environmental cleanliness of promising power plants, due to the exclusion of the use of traditional organic and nuclear fuel, as well as the exclusion of op waist radiation during nuclear reactions with by providing partial decomposition substance without changing the chemical properties of its atoms which are recombined in the reaction products without the formation of residue and radioactive substances, and recovery (low) defect working fluid mass in a natural environment.

 To achieve this technical result in the proposed method of increasing the energy of the working medium to obtain useful work, which consists in sucking the working medium, compressing it, passing an electrically exciting pulse through the working medium, expanding the working medium to obtain useful work, use a two-component working medium consisting of the gas part (air) and the liquid part (water), while suction is carried out in the cylinder of the piston machine by moving the piston from top dead center (TDC) to the bottom dead howling point (BDC) in three stages, in the first of them the initial portion of air is supplied, in the second, this portion of air is expanded to a low pressure, the third is supplied with an additional portion of air simultaneously with water, and the water is pre-treated in the cavitation device with the formation of navigation bubbles and saturate with a catalyst, then compress the working medium by moving the piston from the BDC to the top dead center, leading to the "collapse" of cavitation bubbles and heating of the working medium, then at the expansion stroke (after the transition with the piston MT) an electrically exciting pulse is passed through the working medium, providing an increase in the energy of the working medium due to vaporization of the liquid part and ionization of the working medium, the prepared two-component working medium is expanded in the cylinder of the piston machine by moving the piston from TDC to BDC to obtain useful work, then the spent working medium is released into the atmosphere by moving the piston from BDC to TDC.

 Introduction to the proposed method of increasing the energy of the working medium to obtain the useful work of a two-component working medium consisting of air and water, which is pre-processed in a cavitation device to produce cavitation bubbles and saturated with a catalyst, dividing the suction process into three stages of supplying the working medium, as well as "navigation bubbles in the process of compression of the working medium, followed by passing through this medium an electrically exciting pulse, allows you to get a new property, the conclusion the combined use of the phenomena of increasing the energy of cavitation of a liquid by adding a catalyst, “collapsing” of cavitation bubbles and ionizing a two-component medium by means of an electroexcitation pulse, which, in general, increase the energy of the working medium by increasing the pressure of the working medium due to vaporization of the liquid part and increasing the amount of heat released due to the occurrence of nuclear reactions in the working medium in a wider time interval from the onset of "collapse" cavitation x bubbles until the moment of electroexcitation pulse.

 The proposed method of increasing the energy of the working environment to obtain useful work can be carried out in any power plant, for example in a piston engine.

 The drawing shows a diagram of a fragment of a piston machine that implements the proposed method of increasing the energy of the working environment to obtain useful work.

 A piston machine for converting heat into mechanical work that implements the proposed method comprises a cylinder 1, inside of which there is a piston 2, made with a hemispherical recess 3 in the center of the upper end part. The cylinder 1 of the piston machine in the upper end part is equipped with inlet 4 and exhaust 5 valves, as well as electrodes 6 and 7, connected by electric circuits 8 and 9 to an electric energy generator 10. Cylinder 1 in the side surface of the upper part is equipped with an nozzle 11 connected to the supply line water 12 through the cavitation device 13. The electrodes 6 and 7 are installed in the cylinder 1 using the bushings 14 and 15 made of insulating material.

 The proposed method is implemented in the described piston machine as follows.

 The suction stroke of the working medium is carried out in three stages. The first stage begins by moving the piston 2 down from the TDC. In this case, through the open suction valve 4 from the environment, air is sucked into the cylinder 1 (gas part of the working medium). When passing about the third part of the full stroke of the piston 2 (from the top to the bottom dead center), the air supply stops, the valve 4 closes and the second stage begins - expansion of the air, while the piston 2 passes about 2/3 of the full stroke (from TDC to BDC). In the third stage of suction, at the same time, additional portions of air from the environment are supplied through valve 4 and water is injected into cylinder 1 through nozzle 11, while water from line 12 is pre-treated in cavitation device 13, as a result of which cavitation bubbles form in it and saturated with a catalyst (e.g. argon). The preliminary expansion of the air (second stage) and the catalyst enhance the effect of cavitation of the water supplied to the cylinder 1. The third stage is characterized by the formation of a two-component working medium, consisting of gas (air) and liquid (water) parts with cavitation bubbles.

 Upon reaching the BDC, the piston 2 is moved up to the TDC, starting the compression process of the two-component working medium. Due to the increase in pressure, when the piston 2 moves to TDC, the cavitation bubbles “collapse” in the working medium, which leads to partial destruction of the molecules and atoms of the working medium, the beginning of nuclear reactions with the release of heat, and, as a result, an increase in the energy of the working medium. To further increase the energy of the working medium on the expansion stroke when the piston 2 moves down the top dead center, an electric discharge is produced between the electrodes 6 and 7, connected by electric circuits 8 and 9 to the electric energy generator 10. The electric discharge leads to vaporization of the liquid part and an additional nuclear reaction , which generally sharply increases the energy of the working environment. An electric discharge occurs in the hemispherical cavity 3 of the piston 2, which causes the formation of a continuous zone of a nuclear reaction.

 The released heat of nuclear reactions and the pressure from the vaporization of the working medium are realized in useful (mechanical) work when the working medium expands and the piston 2 moves from TDC to BDC, thus organizing the third working cycle of the piston machine.

 At the fourth cycle, the spent working medium is discharged from cylinder 1 through the exhaust valve 5 when the piston 2 moves from BDC to TDC. Then the cycle of the piston machine is repeated.

 For safe operation, electrodes b and 7 are installed in the cylinder 1 with the help of bushings 14, 15 made of insulating material.

Sources of information
1. Stationary gas turbine units. Handbook Ed. L.V. Arsenyeva. - L .: "Engineering", 1989. - P.15.

 2. A.V. Chechetkin, N-A.Zanemonets. Heat engineering. Textbook For special. Universities. -M. : Higher School, 1986.- S. 301-302.

 3. T.K. Margulova. Nuclear power plants. - M.: Higher school, 1978. - 360 p.

 4. RF patent 2075599, F 01 K 21/00. Bull. 8 from 03.20.97.

 5. The journal "Industrial Herald", 9, 1999, p.19.

 6. Copyright certificate 1254191, F 02 M 27/00. Bull. 32 from 08/30/86.

 7. RF patent 2054604. F 24 J 3/00. Bull. 5 from 02.20.96.

 8. M.A. Margulis. Soundchemical reactions and sonoluminescence. - M .: Chemistry, 1986. - 288s.).

 9. Application UK 2141746, F 02 G 1/02. Abstract journal "Inventions of the World", issue 65, 5, 1993, p. 22 - prototype.

Claims (1)

 A method of increasing the energy of the working medium to obtain useful work, which consists in sucking the working medium, compressing it, passing an electrically exciting pulse through the working medium, expanding the working medium to obtain useful work, characterized in that the suction of the working medium consisting of the gas part is air and liquid parts - water, are carried out in three stages, in the first of them an initial portion of air is supplied, in the second they expand this portion of air to low pressure, in the third one an additional portion of air is supplied temporarily with water, moreover, water is preliminarily saturated with a catalyst and processed in a cavitation device with the formation of navigation bubbles, then the working medium is compressed, which leads to the "collapse" of cavitation bubbles and heating of the working medium, after which an electrically exciting pulse is passed through the working medium through the working medium, providing increasing the energy of the working medium due to its ionization and vaporization of the liquid part, and after expansion, the working medium is released into the atmosphere.