RU2240381C1 - Hydrogen-oxygen mixture generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrochemical production processes, namely equipment for water electrolysis.

SUBSTANCE: generator includes at least one cylinder with cooling jacket, self-action discharge valve, piston and cylinder head, all forming closed volume of cylinder, crank mechanism joined with drive unit. Apparatus for supplying aqueous solution of electrolyte, for example of caustic potash into cylinder is in the form of high-pressure pump joined with crank mechanism and jet with cavitator in the form of locally narrowed portion of duct. In closed volume of cylinder there is electrolyzer mounted with possibility of power supply from DC source, for example from storage cell to its electrodes and with possibility for free passing to and fro of aqueous solution of electrolyte.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency and safety of apparatus.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technology for electrochemical production, and in particular to devices for electrolysis of water, and can be used to produce environmentally friendly fuel.

Known used for electrochemical decomposition of water, an electrolyzer, contains a cylindrical body-anode, a hollow cathode mounted coaxially with the body, a pipe for introducing electrolyte and a pipe with a cut-off for gas outlet and a DC source (patent of Russia, No. 2034934, C 25 V 9/00 1/02, 1995).

A disadvantage of the known electrolyzer is low productivity per unit mass and low safety in operation.

The closest in technical essence to the present invention is a high-pressure electrolyzer for the production of explosive gas, which contains a cylindrical body divided by a check valve into the electrode and gas storage parts, where the electrode part is configured to supply power from a direct current source to its electrodes, and gas storage with the ability to drain gas from the device under high pressure (AS USSR, No. 1011730, C 25 V 1/12, 1983).

The disadvantage of such a device of the electrolyzer is low productivity and high risk of explosion due to the presence in the device of the need to accumulate gas to a high working pressure.

The technical problem solved by the invention is to increase productivity and safety in work.

The problem is solved in that in a generator of a hydrogen-oxygen mixture containing an electrolyzer configured to supply power from a direct current source to its electrodes, for example from an on-board battery, according to the invention, at least one cylinder with a cooling jacket, for example, liquid-water, is contained or antifreeze, a piston and a cylinder head forming a closed cylinder volume, a self-acting exhaust valve mounted in the cylinder head. A crank mechanism associated with the drive, for example with an electric motor, and a device for supplying an aqueous solution of an electrolyte to a cylinder, for example, an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. At the same time, an electrolyzer is installed in the enclosed volume of the cylinder — between the piston and the cylinder head, which is made with the possibility of free passage through it in the forward and reverse direction of the aqueous electrolyte solution, and the device for supplying the aqueous electrolyte solution is made in the form of a high pressure pump kinematically connected to the crank mechanism, and is equipped with a nozzle. In this case, the electrolyzer can take the form of two cylindrical half-electrodes with their hollow elements concentrically and with a gap that fit into each other, in which either holes are made if they are made of metal, for example, sheet nickel, or which are made hollow of a metal mesh, what is necessary for free passage through them of an aqueous electrolyte solution. The nozzle may have a cavitator made in the form of local narrowing of its channel.

The invention is shown in the drawings, where:

figure 1 - shows a schematic section of a generator;

figure 2 is a section along aa in figure 1;

figure 3 is a view along arrow B in figure 1;

figure 4 is a schematic section of a nozzle in part of the cavitator.

An example of the implementation of the proposed solution.

The hydrogen-oxygen mixture generator contains at least one cylinder 1 (Figs. 1-3) with a cooling jacket 2, for example, liquid - water, antifreeze, a self-acting exhaust valve 3, a piston 4 and a cylinder head 5, forming a closed cylinder 6, where between the piston and the cylinder head, with the possibility of supplying power to its electrodes from a direct current source, for example from an on-board battery 7, and with the possibility of free passage through it in the forward and reverse direction of the aqueous electrolyte solution, an electrolyzer 8 is installed, made either of metal, for example, of nickel sheet with holes 9, or of a metal mesh in the form of two cylindrical half-blocks electrodes 10 and 11, which fit concentrically and with a gap 13 into each other with their hollow elements 12. The electrodes are isolated from one another by a dielectric gasket 14. The device for supplying a cyclic dose of an aqueous electrolyte solution to the cylinder is made in the form of a high-pressure pump 15, for example, a plunger kinematically connected to a crank mechanism 16 and equipped with a nozzle 17 mounted on the cylinder head and made with cavitator 18 (figure 4) in the form of local narrowing 19 of its channel 20, cavitation zone 21. The drive of the generator 22, for example, in the form of an electric motor associated with a crank mechanism. Electrolyte tank 23, cut-off 24 (water seal) and consumer 25.

The generator of the hydrogen-oxygen mixture operates as follows.

Before starting, the electrolyte tank 23 (Figs. 1-3) is charged with an aqueous electrolyte solution, for example, an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, and half-blocks electrodes 10 and 11 of the electrolyzer 8 are supplied with power from a direct current source, for example, from an on-board battery 7. The drive, for example an electric motor 22 connected to the crank mechanism 16. The piston 4 from TDC moves to the BDC. The self-acting exhaust valve 3 is closed. In the cylinder 1 with the cooling jacket 2, a vacuum is created. The high pressure pump 15 takes from the electrolyte tank 23 a cyclic dose of an aqueous electrolyte solution and under pressure, for example, 2MPa (20 atm), injects it through the nozzle 17 into the electrolyzer 8 in cylinder 1. In the cavitator 18 (Fig. 4) in local restriction 19 of channel 20, the speed of the injected aqueous electrolyte solution increases sharply, and the pressure drops to critical and the collapse of 21 bubbles formed in the cavitation zone leads to the finest atomization of the aqueous electrolyte solution and to dissociation - decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen, which improves the performance of the device. The finest atomized electrolyte aqueous solution through openings 9 and gaps 13 between the hollow elements 12 or through the mesh half-blocks-electrodes 10 and 11 freely passes in the forward and reverse directions and contacts the vast surface of the electrolyzer 8. And when direct current flows through the aqueous electrolyte solution, decomposition takes place water to hydrogen and oxygen. Then, when the piston 4 is moved from the BDC to the TDC, the hydrogen-oxygen mixture obtained in the closed volume 6 of cylinder 1 through the self-acting valve 3 and under discharge pressure through the shut-off valve 24 (hydraulic lock) is pushed by the piston 4 to the consumer 25, for example, into the combustion chamber of the boiler plant, and the cycles due to the operation of the drive electric motor 22 are repeated, which determines the performance of the generator. In this case, cylinder 1, cylinder head 5 and electrolyzer 8 are cooled by a generator cooling jacket, for example, liquid — water or antifreeze. During an explosion in the device, the piston 4 moves in the cylinder 1 and, without harm to the generator, extends the energy of the explosion by expansion.

The proposed generator of the hydrogen-oxygen mixture in the work is safe and high-performance, will be widely used mainly in public utilities for heating the population.

Claims (3)

1. A generator of a hydrogen-oxygen mixture containing an electrolyzer configured to supply power from a direct current source to its electrodes, characterized in that the generator comprises at least one cylinder with a cooling jacket, a piston and a cylinder head forming a closed cylinder volume, an exhaust a self-acting valve, a crank mechanism associated with the actuator, and a device for supplying an aqueous solution of electrolyte to the cylinder, while in the closed volume of the cylinder between the piston and the cylinder head ene electrolyzer adapted to freely pass therethrough in the forward and backward direction aqueous electrolyte solution and the feeder aqueous electrolyte solution is in the form of high-pressure pump is kinematically connected with the crank mechanism, and provided with a nozzle. 2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyzer has the form of two electrodes, semi-blocks of cylindrical shape, concentrically and with a gap that fit into each other, in which either holes are made or which are made hollow from a metal mesh. 3. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle has a cavitator made in the form of a local narrowing of the channel.

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