RU2285812C1 - Four-stroke internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to engines operating on hydrogen. Proposed four-stroke internal combustion engine contains at least one cylinder with cooling system, piston and cylinder head forming combustion chamber, exhaust valve coupled with valve-actuating mechanism, electrolyzer installed in combustion chamber, high-pressure pump and nozzle with cavitator for delivery of cycle dose of electrolyte into electrolyzer, and ignition system. Ignition system is made in form of electrodes with possibility of adjusting electrode gap, delivery of dc current to electrodes, striking and extinction of arc. Electrodes are installed in combustion chamber. Working mixture in combustion chamber dissociates and ignites under action of electric arc.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of ignition system.

6 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering, namely to internal combustion engines, and can be widely used in engine building.

A four-stroke internal combustion engine is known, comprising at least one cylinder, a cooling system, a piston made with a sealed cavity and with a possibility of access to it, where a self-acting inlet valve, an electrolytic cell with direct current supply from the source to its electrodes, and a nozzle with cavitator and inlet of an aqueous electrolyte solution from a high pressure pump and a cylinder head forming a combustion chamber, an exhaust valve associated with a gas distribution mechanism, and the system is ignited Iya with a spark plug installed in the cylinder head / RF Patent No. 2239705, publ. November 10, 2004 /.

A disadvantage of the known engine is the low efficiency of the spark plug for igniting a saturated mixture of water vapor.

A known internal combustion engine containing at least one cylinder with a cooling system, a piston and a cylinder head forming a combustion chamber, an exhaust valve associated with a gas distribution mechanism, an electrolyzer with the possibility of direct current supply to its electrodes, free passage through it directly and the reverse direction of the electrolyte / aqueous electrolyte solution / and the products of the working process installed in the combustion chamber, a high pressure pump and a nozzle with a cavitator for feeding cyclic doses electrolyte in the electrolyser and the ignition system with spark plugs installed in the cylinder head / Patent RF. No. 253027, publ. May 27, 2005 /.

A disadvantage of the known engine is the low efficiency of the spark ignition system for igniting a water mixture saturated with water vapor.

The technical problem solved by the invention is to increase the efficiency of the engine ignition system.

The problem is solved in that in a four-stroke internal combustion engine containing at least one cylinder with a cooling system, for example, a liquid, a piston and a cylinder head forming a combustion chamber, an exhaust valve associated with a gas distribution mechanism, an electrolyzer with the possibility of direct current supply to its electrodes, free passage through it in the forward and reverse direction of the electrolyte / aqueous electrolyte solution / and the products of the working process, installed in the combustion chamber, pump high pressure and a nozzle with a cavitator for feeding a cyclic dose of electrolyte into the electrolyzer and the ignition system. According to the invention, the ignition system is made in the form of electrodes with the possibility of regulating the gap between them, supplying them with direct current, ignition and extinguishing the volt / electric / arc. Moreover, the electrodes are installed in the combustion chamber. Under the action of a volt arc, the working mixture in the combustion chamber dissociates and ignites. In this case, the active insert of the electrode can be made either from a monolithic refractory material, for example, from a copper-tungsten alloy, or it can be made hollow from the same material and from the inside with a cooled liquid, for example, supplied through a tube from the engine cooling system. The holder of the active insert of the electrode that regulates the gap can be mounted on the thread with the possibility of adjusting the gap between the electrodes and fixing the holder of the active insert with a lock nut. The holder of the active insert of the electrode igniting the volt arc can be installed in the electrode housing with the possibility of reciprocating movement at the moment of ignition of the volt arc due to the spring and cam-cam shaft associated with the gas distribution mechanism of the engine. The supply of direct current to the electrodes of the voltaic arc and short-term interruption of the current supply during the extinguishing of the voltaic arc can be accomplished by closing and opening the contacts of the interrupter-distributor.

The invention is shown in the drawings, where

figure 1 - schematic section of the engine;

figure 2 is a schematic section of a hollow active insert of the electrode.

An example of the implementation of the proposed solution. A four-stroke internal combustion engine, contains at least one cylinder 1 with a cooling system (not shown), a piston 2 and a cylinder head 3 forming a combustion chamber 4, an exhaust valve 5 connected to a gas distribution mechanism, an electrolyzer 6 with the possibility of direct current supply to its electrodes, for example, from a battery 7 installed in the combustion chamber, a high pressure pump 8 and a nozzle 9 with a cavitator / not shown /. The engine also contains an ignition system made in the form of electrodes 10 and 11 installed in the combustion chamber. In this case, the active insert 12 of the electrode can be made either of a monolithic refractory material, or with a cavity 13, internally cooled by a liquid, supplied through a tube 14 from the engine cooling system. The holder 15 of the active insert of the electrode regulating the gap is mounted in the electrode housing 16 on the thread with the possibility of adjusting the gap between the electrodes and fixing the holder of the active insert with a lock nut 17. The holder 18 of the active insert of the electrode igniting the voltaic arc is mounted in the electrode body 19 with the possibility of reciprocating movement at the moment of ignition of the volt arc due to the spring 20 and the cam-cam shaft 21, associated with the gas distribution mechanism of the engine. The supply of direct current to the electrodes of the voltaic arc and short-term interruption of the current supply during the extinguishing of the voltaic arc was made by closing and opening the contacts (not shown) of the distributor-breaker 22. An electrolyte tank 23 is connected to the engine to store the supply of electrolyte / aqueous electrolyte solution /, for example, an aqueous solution caustic potassium.

A four-stroke internal combustion engine operates as follows.

Before starting the engine, the electrolyte tank 23 is charged with an electrolyte / aqueous electrolyte solution /, for example, an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. By screwing or unscrewing the thread of the housing 16, the holder 15 of the active insert of the electrode 10, regulating the gap, set the gap between the active inserts 12 of the electrodes 10 and 11 of the volt arc, the holder 15 is fixed with a lock nut 17. Then, for example, by turning on the ignition through closed contacts / not shown / interrupter -distributor 22 to the electrodes 10 and 11 of the voltaic arc direct current is supplied, for example, with a power of 3-4 A, and direct current is supplied to the electrolytic cell 6, for example, from an on-board battery 7.

The first beat is the inlet. Piston 2 from TDC moves to BDC. The exhaust valve 5 is closed. In cylinder 1 with a cooling system, such as a liquid, a vacuum is created. The high-pressure pump 8 takes a cyclic dose of electrolyte from the electrolyte tank 23 and injects it through the nozzle 9 with a cavitator into the combustion chamber 4, where the electrodes 10 and 11 of the volt / electric / arc and electrolyzer 6 are installed. In the cavitator of the nozzle 9, the injected electrolyte and its are dissociated finest atomization. Then the electrolyte and the products of the working process freely, in the forward and reverse direction pass through the electrolyzer 6. Due to the supply of direct current to the electrodes of the electrolyzer 6 and the electrodes 10 and 11 of the volt arc, electrolysis occurs.

The second measure is compression. Piston 2 from BDC moves to TDC. Exhaust valve 5 is closed. Compression occurs in cylinder 1.

The third step is the working move. Exhaust valve 5 is closed. The camshaft 21 and the spring 20 of the ignition volt arc electrode 11 are reciprocating, until the active inserts 12 of the electrodes 10 and 11 touch the volt arc, the holder 18 of the active insert is moved and the volt arc is ignited, under which the working mixture in the combustion chamber 4 dissociates and ignites . The pressure above the piston in the combustion chamber rises sharply, under the action of which the piston 2 from TDC moves to the BDC. Then, by opening the contacts (not shown) of the distributor interrupter 22, the DC current supply to the electrodes 10 and 11 of the volt arc is briefly interrupted and extinguished, after which the contacts of the distributor 22 are again closed and the direct current is again supplied to the electrodes of the volt arc.

The fourth measure is the release. Piston 2 from BDC moves to TDC. The exhaust valve 5 associated with the gas distribution mechanism opens, and the cylinder 1 is freed of exhaust products, and cycles are repeated. Moreover, the cylinder 1, the cell 6 and the electrodes 10 and 11 of the volt arc are cooled, for example, by a liquid engine cooling system. In this case, the hollow active inserts 12 of the voltaic arc electrodes can be cooled from the inside by the fluid supplied through the tubes 14 to the cavity 13 from the engine cooling system.

The present invention improves the efficiency of a four-stroke internal combustion engine, will be widely used in engine building.

Claims (6)

1. Four-stroke internal combustion engine containing at least one cylinder with a cooling system, a piston and a cylinder head forming a combustion chamber, an exhaust valve associated with a gas distribution mechanism, an electrolyzer with the possibility of direct current supply to its electrodes, free passage through it in the forward and reverse directions of the electrolyte / aqueous solution of electrolyte / products of the working process, installed in the combustion chamber, a high pressure pump and a nozzle with a cavitator for supplying a cyclo the electrolyte dose into the electrolyzer and the ignition system, characterized in that the ignition system is made in the form of electrodes with the possibility of regulating the gap between them, supplying them with direct current, ignition and extinguishing the voltaic (electric) arc, and the electrodes are installed in the combustion chamber, under the action of volt arc working mixture in the combustion chamber dissociates and ignites. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the active insert of the electrode is made of a monolithic refractory material. 3. The engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the active insert of the electrode is made hollow of refractory material and internally cooled liquid. 4. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the holder of the active insert of the electrode adjusting the gap is mounted in the electrode housing on a thread with the possibility of adjusting the gap between the electrodes and fixing the holder of the active insert with a lock nut. 5. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the holder of the active insert of the electrode igniting the voltaic arc is mounted in the electrode housing with the possibility of reciprocating movement at the moment of ignition of the voltaic arc due to the spring and camshaft associated with the gas distribution mechanism of the engine . 6. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the current supply to the electrodes of the voltaic arc and short-term interruption of the current supply during extinguishing of the voltaic arc is made by closing and opening the contacts of the distributor-breaker.

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