RU2176968C1 - Spacecraft carrier-trimaran - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding, aeronautics and space engineering; designing triple-hulled aircraft carriers for maintenance and mobile bases of rescue recoverable aerospacecraft. SUBSTANCE: spacecraft carrier-trimaran has central and side hulls interconnected by means of connecting bridge forming common take-off and landing deck. Trimaran is provided with under-deck hangers arranged in connecting bridge bounded by upper take-off and landing deck, side and central hulls and lower take-off and landing decks located between central and side hulls. At least one side through hanger is provided with terminal landing platform and upper take-off and landing deck with breaks above them for vertical take-off and landing. These breaks and platforms form terminal diffuser bell-mouths of through hangers. EFFECT: facilitated organization of mobile bases, maintenance and take-off and landing operations in near-earth orbits. 23 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to shipbuilding, aeronautics and astronautics, relating to the creation of the design of a three-hull aircraft carrier technical maintenance and mobile basing mainly rescue aerospace reusable aircraft (VCLAM), as well as, if necessary, aircraft of a conventional design, including those having vertical and short take-off and landing.

 Known single-hull aircraft carrier with a through hangar. This hangar is located on the upper take-off and landing deck in the middle of the hull. Aircraft of a conventional design can make a vertical landing on its deck in the area of the aft end behind the hangar superstructure. The take-off aircraft can take off during takeoff through a through hangar along the entire length of the landing deck (WO 90/09311 A1, B 63 G 11/00, 08/23/1990).

 However, such a vessel is not intended for operation by VKLAMI and has a low carrying capacity of conventional aircraft in connection with its single-hull structure.

 A trimaran aircraft carrier is known in which towers, superstructures, a pipe and vertical elevators for aircraft-type aircraft are located in the diametrical plane (DP) of a trimaran aircraft carrier, and runways (runways) are located at its sides, passing along them symmetrically to the DP ( US 2440345A, B 63 G 11/00, 04/27/1948).

 However, such a trimaran does not have end-to-end take-off and landing hangars, and the use of elevators for transporting aircraft of a conventional design from the lower hangars to the upper take-off and runway lengthens the operating cycle of take-off and landing operations with aircraft.

 Known aircraft carrier-trimaran, containing the Central and side hulls, interconnected by a connecting bridge, which includes an upper take-off and landing deck. Take-off and landing of aircraft is carried out from the deck of the connecting bridge, which is made in the form of a three-dimensional structure for placement of an aircraft hangar in it. The connecting bridge is resting by means of vertical struts on three hulls with low draft to reduce the damage of the aircraft carrier by torpedoes. The central hull is offset towards the fore end relative to the midship of the ship and its two side hulls. All these hulls are movably connected to the aforementioned connecting bridge to calm the ship rolling and ensure the aircraft carrier is controllable in its running mode of operation (GB 543296A, B 63 G 11 / 00.04.03. 1941).

 However, such an aircraft-carrying trimaran is also not intended for technological and transport work operations with VCLA.

 The technical result achieved by the implementation of the described invention is to facilitate mobile basing, technical operation and takeoff and landing operations with VCLA, as well as to facilitate their landing in emergency situations when performing rescue and other work operations in low Earth orbit.

 This technical result is achieved by the fact that the space carrier-trimaran, which serves primarily for basing and transporting VCLAMs intended for rescue operations in near-Earth space, contains a central and airborne hulls connected by a connecting bridge to form a common upper take-off and landing deck and, according to of the described invention, this trimaran is made with below-deck take-off and landing through hangars in the connecting bridge, limited to the aforementioned upper it has a take-off and landing deck, airborne and central hulls and lower take-off and landing decks located between the central and airborne hulls, at least one airborne through hangar is made with end launching sites, and said upper take-off and landing deck is made with sections above them for vertical take-off and landing INCLUDES, and these sections and platforms form the end diffuser sockets of these through hangars.

 At least one terminal launch pad at an aircraft carrier can be made with gas-flame-exhaust channels.

 It is advisable to perform the above channels vertically.

 In addition, at least one of the aforementioned channels can be made with a louvre type grille.

 In such a trimaran, it is advisable to perform the lattice of the lattice adjustable by turning their elements around their longitudinal axis.

 In addition, the upper take-off and landing deck is made with at least one starting ramp for take-off with INCLUSIONS with a horizontal start.

 At the same time, it is advisable to carry out at least one under-deck landing hangar with at least one longitudinal dividing bulkhead, which, together with the aforementioned upper take-off and landing deck and lower take-off and landing deck of the through hangar, compartments for placement of INLETS in them.

 For such a trimaran-type space carrier, the side walls of the said hangars can be made with cooling devices in order to protect them from the effects of the heat of the gas jets of the engines of the aforementioned vertical and / or horizontal take-off.

 In addition, it is advisable to carry out longitudinal bulkheads of through hangars with their cooling devices in order to protect the aforementioned ON from vertical heat and / or horizontal take-off from the heat of gas jets of engines.

 For such a space carrier, the above-mentioned cooling devices can be made with a pumping unit hydraulically connected to jet sprayers.

 Along with this, it is advisable to carry out at least one of the hulls of such a trimaran with an above-deck superstructure.

 At the same time, the above-deck superstructures can be placed around the perimeter of the above upper deck.

 For such a trimaran, it is advisable to have the aforementioned through hangars symmetrically located in the spacecraft-trimaran carrier.

 At least one of the aforementioned trimaran hangars may be provided with end movable closures.

 It is advisable to carry out such a trimaran space carrier with a ballast-trim system.

 In addition, such a trimaran may have armor protection of the upper takeoff and landing deck and the outer surface of the sides of its hulls.

 In addition, the aforementioned upper take-off and landing deck at such a trimaran can be made with through overlapping cutouts, under which the said lower take-off and landing decks of through hangars can be made with through wells, which have overlapping gratings for diverting towards the free surface of the gas and flame water area the operation of VKLAM engines vertically starting from hangars through the aforementioned cutouts in the upper landing deck.

 For such a trimaran, it is advisable to provide the upper take-off and landing deck with a braking device to facilitate the landing of INCLUSIONS in an emergency.

 Such a trimaran can be made with conveyor systems for moving INCLUDES along said upper deck and along the above lower decks of through hangars.

 In addition, it is advisable to equip such a trimaran space carrier with a ventilation system in through hangars to remove gases generated during take-off and landing operations with VCLAM as a result of the operation of their launch and marching engines.

 Along with this, in the region of the aforementioned cutouts of the upper deck, such a trimaran space-carrier can have lifts for VKLAMI in emergency condition.

 In addition, it is advisable to profile the above sections of the upper runway deck above the launch sites in the form of a curve or a broken line.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:
in FIG. 1 - schematically shows a side view of the described space-carrier trimaran with cliffs in its central part and a partial section of one of its extremities;
in FIG. 2 - the same, top view;
in FIG. 3 - the same, view from the side of one of the ends of the trimaran aircraft carrier with partial breakouts.

 The described space carrier-trimaran is mainly intended for technical maintenance of mobile-based VCLAM, made, for example, in the form of aerospace rescue aircraft.

 The aerospace rescue spaceship is a one-stage horizontal aerospace aerospace system (VKS) with a crew emergency rescue system on all sections of the VKS flight path.

 Such a spaceship, for example, is the KM spacecraft - the Meston Spacecraft, which is protected by the patent of the Russian Federation N 2015080, US patent N 5526999 and Europatent N EP 0631931 B1.

 Cosodynamics gives preference to gentle trajectories of spacecraft launching to near-Earth orbits, since gravitational losses are minimal during these flight paths. However, the described trimaran space-carrier can additionally perform mobile maintenance operations and ensure the launch and landing of aircraft, including those with vertical and shortened take-off and landing.

 The described trimaran space-carrier (see Figs. 1-3) is primarily intended for rescue operations by using spacecraft in near-Earth space under marine or oceanic conditions for the location of such a space carrier.

 It contains a central 1 and side 2,3 hulls interconnected by means of a connecting bridge 4 with the formation of the upper take-off and landing deck 5.

 The described vessel is made with below-deck take-off and landing through hangars 7, they are limited by deck 5, side hulls 2, 3 and lower take-off and landing decks 8. The latter are located between the central 1 and side 2,3 hulls.

 At least one hangar 7 is made with end landing sites 9. Deck 5 has cuts over platforms 9 for vertical take-off and landing of the rescue spaceship. Slices can be profiled in plan along any curve or polyline. Platforms 9 and sections form the end diffuser sockets 10 of the through hangars 7. These sockets are designed to facilitate matching of the take-off path and landing glide path of the rescue spaceship 6 with the internal contours of the hangars 7.

 At least one platform 9 is made with gas exhaust channels 11 for orienting the gas jets of the engines of the rescue spaceship 6 toward the free surface of the water area between the housing 1 and the hulls 2,3 in the area of basing or navigation of the described space carrier-trimaran.

 Channel 11 may have a louvre type grille. The blinds of the grating 12 can be adjusted by rotating their elements around the longitudinal axis 13. For such regulation of the grating 12 of the channel 11 can have any type of drive (not shown in the drawings).

 The upper take-off and landing deck 5 is made with at least one launching ramp 14 for take-off with INCLUSIONS with a horizontal start.

 The through hangar 7 has, for example, one longitudinal dividing bulkhead 15, which together with deck 5 and deck 8 of the hangar 7 compartments 16 for the location of spacecraft 6 in them and for takeoff and landing operations, along with the operations of their maintenance.

 In the described space carrier, the side walls of the hangars 7 are expediently made with devices for their air or water cooling in order to protect from the heat of the gas jets of the spacecraft engines 6. Bulkheads 15 of the compartments 16 can also be equipped with the same devices for their cooling. In the case of water cooling, sea water can be used. At the same time, a device for cooling the side walls of hangars 7 and / or bulkheads 15 of compartments 16 is equipped with a pumping unit 17 hydraulically connected to jet sprayers 18 via a pipe 19.

 At least one of the hulls 1-3 has an above-deck superstructure 20, in which various equipment (not shown) can be located, for example, power and power plants, radar and flight-navigation equipment, air traffic control equipment, weapons, etc. In this case, if there is not one, but many superstructures 20 located at the sides of the trimaran aircraft carrier, they are placed around the perimeter of deck 5.

 Conveyor installations 21 are mounted in hangars 7 on decks 8, as well as on deck 5. These conveyor installations are designed to transport 5 and 8 rescue spaceships 6 on these decks in emergency situations when their main and starting engines are off (not shown).

 The trimaran space carrier is equipped with a ventilation system 22 in hangars 7 to remove gases generated during takeoff and landing operations of spacecraft 6 as a result of the operation of their launch and marching engines of a gas turbine and rocket type. System 22 may be exhaust, supply or supply and exhaust.

 Hangars 7 are located on the left and right sides of the trimaran symmetrically to its DP.

 All hangars 7 are made with end movable closures 24, necessary both for the separation of launch pads, and to ensure the aerodynamic characteristics of the trimaran.

 An aircraft carrier or a trimaran space carrier has a ballast-differential system 25 for controlling its pitching and for the purpose of stabilizing the position of hulls 1-3 by means of their submerging during take-off and landing operations of the spacecraft 6.

 In war conditions, armor protection can be used, made, for example, in the form of armor plates 26 on deck 5 and the outer surface of the sides of hulls 1-3.

 Deck 5 has through overlapping cutouts 27. Under them, the lower decks 8 of through hangars 7 are made with through wells 28, overlapping gratings 29 for diverting gases and flames towards the free surface of the water when the engines of spaceships 6, vertically take off from deck 8 through cutouts 27 into deck 5. These devices are also applicable for the vertical landing of spacecraft 6 through cutouts 27 on the grilles 29 of deck 8.

 Deck 5 has a braking device 30 for receiving spaceships 6 in its emergency condition. In the area of the cutouts 27 can be placed lifts 31 for emergency spacecraft 6.

 The sides of the hulls 1-3 below the wells 28 also have devices for their water cooling with jet sprayers 18.

 The operation of the space carrier-trimaran is further described on the example of its use in the form of an ocean space rescuer, designed to base on it four rescue spacecraft 6, located in two left and right hangars 7 (under two in each) in the “ready launch” mode on a floating launch complex in the form of this spaceship. Rescue spacecraft 6 can be located one in each of the compartments 16.

 The rescue spaceship 6 is intended for the removal and transportation to Earth of personnel (crew) with distress due to the emergency situation of the international space station, as well as from orbital objects or other manned space objects.

 The launch mode of the spacecraft 6 and its launch into the orbit of the suffering space object and the return of the lifeguard spacecraft 6 with the rescued crew to a specially equipped space carrier-floating hospital should be carried out in a time interval of tens of seconds-minutes.

 The rescue spaceship 6 should be able, upon its return in its own emergency condition, not only to finish in the hangar 7, but also to the open deck 5 using the braking device 30.

 On deck 5, several light aircraft and helicopters can be deployed for the urgent evacuation of casualties brought to such a floating hospital by spacecraft 6, to specialized ground or other floating hospitals and other medical institutions.

 The simultaneous launch of two rescue spacecraft is advisable 6. Preliminarily, the trimaran space carrier should move in the ocean (sea) open spaces using the projection of the spacecraft’s orbit onto the water surface of the water area. On this projected track there should be several such trimaran space-carriers with sufficiently reliable radar communication with the spacecraft in distress in near-Earth orbit.

 The space carrier-rescuer uses environmentally friendly fuels (hydrogen-oxygen). Refueling spaceships 6 is carried out before starting inside hangars 7 or their compartments 16. Storage and acceptance of fuel and oxidizer are carried out, for example, in buildings 2 and 3. There may also be thermos-storages for storage of cryogenic substances (not shown).

 The movement of the spacecraft 6 inside the hangars 7 and their launch before entering the zone of the bells 10 are carried out by turning on the LRE of the vertical thrust of the spacecraft 6 in small launch modes. These LRE can be turned off when moving around hangars 7 using conveyor systems 21 to eliminate the influence of pitching on rescue spacecraft 6 and to eliminate the excessive gas contamination of hangars by the operation of LRE of rescue spacecraft 6.

 Conventional aircraft and vertical and short take-off and landing devices can also be moved around the hangars by installations 21.

 In the case of operation of the LRE in the hangars 7, it is desirable to include in the operation of the ventilation system 22 to eliminate the exhaust gases of the LRE from them.

 With a horizontal start of rescue spacecraft 6 and conventional aircraft-type aircraft, a springboard can be used 14. In the case of a vertical start from platform 9 in the area of the socket 10, exhaust gases and engine flames are discharged through channel 11, and in case of launch through cutout 27, well 28 is used. In this case, the corresponding water cooling devices of the walls, bulkheads and decks of hangars 7, as well as the walls of the sides of buildings 1-3, should be included in the work.

 When leaving the hangar 7 in the zone of the socket 10, the LRE of the vertical thrust of the rescue spaceship 6 is transferred to the maximum thrust of the separation of the spaceship rescue 6 from deck 8 in the area of the platform 9 and the horizontal thrust engines are switched on. The rescue spaceship 6 detaches from deck 8, takes off and gains altitude and speed.

The vertical thrust rocket engine of the rescue spaceship 6, made according to the patent of the Russian Federation N 2015080, is located in its fuselage in the center of mass on the rotary ring, which allows, by deflecting the thrust vector from the vertical (+/- 15 ^o ), to have a horizontal thrust component sufficient for movement rescue spaceship 6 in hangar 7 towards platform 9 and bell 10.

 Before the start, hangars 7 open at the hangars 7, and with the help of the system 25 they are submerged to stabilize the space carrier at the time of the launch of the rescue spacecraft 6.

 When the spacecraft 6 returns to the deck 5 in emergency condition, not only the braking device 30 can be used, but also a cutout 27 in this deck, through which the rescue spaceship can be moved with the help of the elevator 31 to the hangar 7 to deck 8 for the purpose of carrying out repair and maintenance works and maintenance operations when basing a rescue spaceship.

 The above description of the invention is a statement of the best option for its use and any changes and additions can be made to this description of the invention without changing the essence and scope of the invention established by its claims.

Claims (23)

 1. A space-carrier trimaran serving primarily for basing and transporting reusable aerospace aircraft (VCLAMS) designed to perform rescue operations in near-Earth space, containing a central and airborne hulls connected by a connecting bridge to form the upper take-off and landing deck characterized in that it is made with below-deck take-off and landing through hangars in the connecting bridge, limited to the aforementioned upper the take-off and landing deck, airborne and central hulls and lower take-off and landing decks located between the central and airborne hulls, at least one airborne hangar is made with end launching sites, and the said upper take-off and landing deck is made with sections above them for vertical take-off and landing INCLUDES, and these sections and platforms form the end diffuser sockets of these through hangars.  2. The space carrier-trimaran according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one terminal launch pad at such a space carrier can be made with gas-flame exhaust channels.  3. Space carrier trimaran according to claim 2, characterized in that the above channels are made vertical.  4. Space-carrier trimaran according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that at least one of the aforementioned channels can be made with a louvre type grille.  5. The space carrier-trimaran according to claim 4, characterized in that the lattice shutters are made adjustable by turning their elements about their longitudinal axis.  6. A space carrier-trimaran according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the upper take-off and landing deck is made with at least one launch springboard for take-off with INCLUSIONS with a horizontal start.  7. Space-carrier trimaran according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that at least one under-deck end-to-end take-off and landing hangar is made with at least one longitudinal dividing bulkhead, forming together with said upper take-off and landing deck and lower take-off deck of the through hangar compartments for accommodation with INCLUSIONS in them.  8. Space-carrier trimaran according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the side walls of the said hangars can be made with devices for cooling them in order to protect from the heat of the gas jets of the engines of the aforementioned vertical and / or horizontal take-offs.  9. The space carrier-trimaran according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the longitudinal bulkheads of the through hangars are made with devices for their cooling in order to protect from the heat of the gas jets of the engines of the aforementioned INCLOSES with vertical and / or horizontal take-off.  10. The space carrier-trimaran according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the above-mentioned cooling devices are made with a pumping unit hydraulically connected to jet sprayers.  11. A space-carrier trimaran according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that at least one of the hulls is made with an above-deck superstructure.  12. The space-carrier trimaran according to claim 11, characterized in that the above-deck superstructures are placed around the perimeter of the above upper deck.  13. The space carrier-trimaran according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the said through hangars are located symmetrically to the diametrical plane (DP) of the space carrier-trimaran.  14. Space-carrier trimaran according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that at least one of the aforementioned hangars is equipped with end movable closures.  15. Space-carrier trimaran according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it is made with a ballast-trim system.  16. Space-carrier trimaran according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it has armor protection of the upper take-off and landing deck and the outer surface of the sides of its hulls.  17. The space carrier-trimaran according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the aforementioned upper take-off and landing deck of such a trimaran is made with through overlapping cutouts, under which the said lower take-off and landing decks of through hangars are made with through wells having overlapping gratings for removal towards the free surface of the water area of gases and flame during the operation of the VCLAM engines, vertically starting from hangars through the above-mentioned cutouts in the upper take-off and landing decks .  18. Space-carrier trimaran according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the upper take-off and landing deck is equipped with a braking device to facilitate the landing of INCLUSES in an emergency.  19. The space carrier-trimaran according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it is made with conveyor systems for moving INCLUSIONS along the said upper deck and along the above lower decks of through hangars.  20. The space carrier-trimaran according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it is equipped with a ventilation system in the through hangars to remove the gases generated during the take-off and landing operations by VCLAM as a result of the operation of their launch and marching engines.  21. The space carrier-trimaran according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that in the region of the above-mentioned cutouts of the upper deck, it has elevators for VKLA, which are in emergency condition.  22. Space-carrier trimaran according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the aforementioned sections of the upper take-off and landing deck above the launching sites are profiled in plan according to the shape of a curve.  23. A space-carrier trimaran according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the aforementioned sections of the upper runway deck above the launch sites are profiled in plan in the form of a broken line.

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