RU2176554C2 - Grinding apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: grinding equipment. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has housing with vertical working chamber and discharge window, charging hopper arranged above working chamber in axial alignment with it, and rotor mounted in working chamber on supports. Rotor has feeding device and movable grinding members arranged in succession and engageable with immovable grinding members which are connected to housing. Apparatus is further equipped with rotor drive whose outlet link is made in the form of circular member enclosing working chamber. Circular member is rigidly connected to rotor. Apparatus is equipped with grinding member gap adjusting device. Feeding device is of delivery type. Circular member is mounted on housing by means of radial thrust bearing. Discharge window is extending axially of working chamber. Apparatus may be used for grinding of different materials, including viscoelastic materials. EFFECT: wider operational capabilities, increased efficiency and convenient operation and maintenance. 18 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to devices for grinding materials, mainly food products.

 A device for grinding food products is known, comprising a housing with a vertical working chamber of circular cross section, in which a rotor is placed, including a feeding element, for example, a screw, and movable knives interacting with fixed knives installed in the housing, rotor drive and loading hopper. Moreover, the rotor drive is placed coaxially with the rotor, and the feed hopper is mounted eccentrically relative to the axis of the working chamber. The drive is carried out from above (A.S. 1165341, CL A 22 C 17/00, 1982) or from below (A.S. EP 695581, CL B 02 C 18/30, 1995). In these devices, the processed product enters the screw radially, so it is loaded asymmetrically, part of the screw does not work, which requires an increase in its length in the loading zone. In addition, the path of movement of the processed product is curved, which during the processing of viscous products can cause the formation of stagnant zones and requires additional energy costs to overcome the resistance in the curvature zones of the path of movement.

 A known machine for grinding meat (AS 130799, class B 02 C 18/30, 1959), comprising a housing with a vertical cylindrical chamber, over which a folding loading hopper with a neck of a smaller diameter coaxially located than the housing chamber.

 The drive is located at the bottom, its output shaft is coaxial to the housing chamber and the hopper, and a shaft is rigidly and cantileverly mounted on its end, on which blade knives are mounted, interacting with the grilles installed in the housing, and the feed screw located in the neck of the hopper. Unloading is carried out through the side windows of the housing using an unloading knife, also mounted on the shaft.

 The working path in this machine is also curved. In addition, the cantilever installation of the rotor and the inconvenience of frequent assembly and disassembly for sanitization allows the use of only a short feed screw in the machine, which may not provide the necessary compression and create conditions for minimizing the displacement of the processed product to the loading hopper.

 Also known is a crusher for grinding materials (a.s. 1428467, class B 02 C 18/16, 1987), comprising a casing with a vertical working chamber, the upper part of which is made in the form of a conical bell, which plays the role of a loading hopper. The feed screw and crushing unit are sequentially placed in the working chamber. The upper end of the auger is mounted in the support using fixed spokes-like brackets attached to the housing. The lower end of the screw is rigidly connected to the shaft of the crushing unit, which is connected with the output shaft of the drive located below. Product unloading is carried out radially through the tray using an unloading scraper mounted on the shaft of the crushing unit. The working path is curved, but since the crusher is intended for the processing of bulk materials (chips), this is not significant. In this design, the spoke-like bracket has only a supporting function.

 Known crusher for metal shavings (a.s. 1581380, class B 02 C 18/06, 1988), comprising a housing with a vertical working chamber and an unloading window, a loading hopper placed coaxially with the working chamber above it, installed in the working chamber a rotor, including successively placed feed organ and movable grinding elements interacting with stationary grinding elements associated with the housing, a rotor drive, the output link of which is made in the form of an annular element enclosing the working chamber, gesture associated with the rotor by means of one of the moving grinding elements, and means for regulating the gap between the grinding elements.

 This device is taken as a prototype.

 Since the crusher is designed for shavings, the feed organ is made in the form of an impeller and serves for preliminary grinding of the shavings when interacting with the pins on the wall of the hopper and its distribution over the working chamber.

 During operation, the impeller does not have a compressive effect on the material and, therefore, its operation does not cause an asymmetric axial load on the rotor. The rotor acts along the axis only the adjustable clamping force of the grinding elements, transmitted through the thrust rod-axis and the adjusting nut to the inclined bottom of the housing.

 The ring element does not have support on the housing and, therefore, does not perform a supporting function.

 The unloading window is made on the side, at the bottom of the inclined bottom, and the bulk product is gravity-discharged from the working chamber in the radial-axial direction, i.e. the working path and in this device is curved.

 In this device it is impossible to grind visco-plastic materials, during the processing of which it is necessary to push them through the grinding elements. It is also unsuitable for food processing, as high-quality sanitization of all working elements in contact with the product without dismantling the entire installation is impossible.

 The technical problem solved by the invention is the expansion of technological capabilities by grinding viscoplastic materials, mainly food products, increasing the grinding efficiency and ease of use.

 The essence of the technical solution lies in the fact that in the grinding device comprising a housing with a vertical working chamber and an unloading window, a loading hopper placed coaxially above the working chamber, a rotor installed in the working chamber on the supports, including a sequentially placed feed member and movable grinding elements interacting with stationary grinding elements associated with the housing, the rotor drive, the output link of which is in the form of an annular element covering the working chamber, only connected with the rotor, and the means for regulating the gap between the grinding elements, it is new that the feeding element is made pumping, the ring element is mounted on the housing by an angular contact bearing, and the discharge window is made coaxial to the working chamber.

 Due to the implementation of the feeding body by the injection, a sufficient amount of compression is created, which is necessary for forcing the visco-plastic materials through the grinding elements, while the ring element is mounted on the housing by an angular contact bearing and performs a supporting function, which ensures rigidity of the installation of the injection element.

 The implementation of the discharge window coaxial to the working chamber ensures the creation of a straight vertical working path, which during the processing of viscoplastic materials eliminates the formation of stagnant zones, maximizes the use of gravity and eliminates the additional energy costs of overcoming the resistance in the curvature of the working path, in addition, no additional special devices for unloading.

 To transfer the torque from the drive to the rotor and the loads from the rotor to the angular contact bearing, the ring element can be connected to the rotor, for example, by means of a movable grinding element, but to simplify the design and unload the grinding elements from the forces perceived by the rotor, it is more expedient to bind the ring element with a rotor by means of knitting needles.

 Depending on the design of the rotor drive, the ring element can be made, for example, in the form of a pulley of a belt drive or chain sprocket, however, to increase the reliability and simplify the design of the drive, the ring element is best made in the form of a ring gear.

 Depending on the properties of the material being processed and the parameters of the grinding elements, the feeding organ can be made, for example, in the form of a spiral, blades, movable knives, impeller, but when grinding viscoplastic materials such as soaked wheat grain, it is most advisable to use a feeding organ in the form of a screw, which ensures processing the compression necessary to force them through the grinding elements, in addition, the turns of the screw form a labyrinth that prevents the displacement of the processed material to the load full-time bunker.

 The spokes can be made, for example, in the form of rods of a rectilinear or curvilinear shape, however, to increase the efficiency of passage of the processed material through them, it is more expedient to perform the spokes in the form of inclined blades, the inclination of which coincides with the inclination of the screw turns, which ensures the forced supply of the processed material from the loading hopper to the screw, and prevents possible arch formation.

 Structurally, the spokes can be placed anywhere on the rotor, but the simplest and most appropriate solution is that the spokes are placed on the upper end of the rotor, which increases the efficiency of feeding the processed material from the loading hopper to the working chamber and simplifies the design.

 Depending on the properties of the material being processed and the required degree of dispersion, the grinding elements can be made in the form of conical, working bodies, millstones, a rotor blade and a grinding disk, however, for grinding viscoplastic materials such as soaked wheat grain, it is most effective to make mobile grinding elements in the form of movable knives rigidly connected with the rotor with the possibility of axial movement, and stationary grinding elements in the form of fixed knives, rigidly connected with mustache.

 Means for regulating the gap between the grinding elements can be performed, for example, in the form of distance rings of elastic elements, but in order to increase reliability and simplify the design, it is more expedient to perform it in the form of an adjustable axial clamp.

 Knitting needles can be made integral with the rotor. To ensure mounting and dismounting of the rotor, the spokes are mounted on the rotor spike by means of a hub connecting them with the possibility of axial connector and fixing. This design allows you to dismantle and mount the rotor through the discharge window, but during the installation of the working bodies it is necessary to provide additional axial fixation of the rotor in the working chamber.

 To simplify the installation of the working bodies, it is advisable to connect the spokes to the annular element with the possibility of axial connector and fixing by means of, for example, threaded fasteners. This design will allow you to dismantle and mount the rotor through the feed hopper without additional axial fixing it in the working chamber during installation.

 Alternating fixed and movable knives can be placed in pairs or several autonomous packages, but to simplify the design and increase the grinding efficiency when processing viscoplastic materials due to finer regulation of the gap between the grinding elements and simplify mounting and dismounting, the knives are placed with the formation of a package of alternating fixed and movable knives installed between the thrust surface and the adjustable axial clamp, and fixed knives are installed in the housing with the possibility NOSTA axial movement. In this case, the adjustable axial clamp can be made in the form of, for example, an elastic element, a flange type clamp, or a nut interacting with the rotor.

 The movable knives can be placed on the lower end of the rotor, made in the form of a spike, rigidly connected with the feed organ, but to enable self-installation of the feed organ in the working chamber and unloading the movable knives from bending moments arising due to misalignments of the rotor and the working chamber due to unavoidable errors of manufacture, it is better to install movable knives on a shaft, the upper end of which is connected with the lower end of the feed organ with the possibility of angular movement provided by connecting their use by means of, for example, a compensating coupling, the simplest is the connection made as a gear coupling, which additionally allows you to connect the lower end of the feed member with the upper end of the shaft with the possibility of easy axial connection, which increases the convenience of mounting and dismounting the working bodies for sanitary processing and technical service.

 Movable and fixed knives can be installed in the working chamber between the lower end of the screw and the clamp located on the side of the discharge window, while a movable knife is installed on the side of the screw.

 The package can be placed in the bore of the housing between its bottom and an annular clamp covering the discharge window.

 Given the vertical location of the rotor, in order to improve the convenience of mounting and dismounting the working bodies for maintenance and sanitization, it is advisable to install the package in a cage equipped with an external thread, interacting with a nut, mounted rotatably on the housing, while the holder is rigidly connected with the housing axial displacement.

 To ensure a uniform gap between the knives and to prevent their deformation under the action of the compression force, as well as transferring this force to the casing, the cage is equipped with support ribs, which improves the grinding efficiency by using thinner knives that create less resistance to material movement, while the package supporting ribs and the lower end surface of the working chamber.

 To enable easy axial connector and fixing the spokes relative to the annular element in order to increase the convenience of mounting and dismounting the working bodies for maintenance and sanitation, as well as transferring loads from the rotor to the angular contact bearing, the ends of the spokes are connected by a ring with external protrusions forming with the corresponding them with sockets in the annular element bayonet lock.

 The loading hopper can be made integral with the housing or made removable, however, for ease of operation, it is better to make the hopper folding.

 Thus, the proposed technical solution provides the possibility of grinding visco-plastic materials, mainly food products, increases the grinding efficiency and ease of operation (installation and dismantling of the working bodies for maintenance and sanitization is simplified).

 The description of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by a sketch: in FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device, FIG. 2 - connection of the screw with the shaft, in FIG. 3 - connection of spokes with an annular element.

 The grinding device comprises a housing 1 with a vertical working chamber 2 and an unloading window 3 made coaxially with it (see Fig. 1).

 Above the working chamber 2, coaxially with it, a folding loading hopper 4 is placed.

 The rotor 5 is installed in the working chamber 2.

 The drive 6 of the rotor 5 has an output link, placed coaxially with the working chamber 2 and made in the form of an annular element covering it - a gear ring 7 mounted on the housing 1 by means of an angular contact bearing 8.

 The rotor 5 includes a sequentially placed pumping feed element in the form of a screw 9 and movable grinding elements — movable knives 10. The movable knives 10 interact with the fixed knives 11 (see Fig. 2).

 The ring gear 7 is rigidly connected with the spike 12 of the rotor 5 by means of spokes 13 made in the form of inclined blades, the inclination of which coincides with the inclination of the turns of the screw, and placed on the upper end of the rotor. The inner ends of the spokes 13 are joined by the hub 14, and the outer ends by a ring 15. The ring 15 is equipped with external protrusions 16, forming a bayonet lock with the corresponding sockets 17 in the ring gear 7 (see Fig. 3).

 The movable 10 and fixed 11 knives are placed with the formation of a package of alternating movable and fixed knives installed in a holder 18, equipped with support ribs 19 and an external thread interacting with a nut 20, mounted rotatably on the housing 1. The holder 18 is rigidly connected to the housing 1 by keyway with the possibility of axial movement, while the fixed knives 11 are rigidly connected to the holder 18 by keyway with the possibility of axial movement. The movable knives 10 are mounted on the shaft 21, the upper end of which is connected with the lower end of the screw 9 with the possibility of angular movement and axial connector, which is achieved by performing the lower end of the screw 9 and the upper end of the shaft 21 in the form of gear half-couplings (see Fig. 2) . The movable knives 10 are rigidly connected to the shaft 21 by means of a key connection with the possibility of axial movement.

 The shaft 21 is mounted in a cage 18 on bearings made in the form of sliding bearings. The upper support 22 is rigidly connected with the upper stationary knife 11, the lower support 23 is rigidly connected with the supporting ribs 19.

 The package is placed between the lower end surface of the housing 1 and the supporting ribs 19 of the holder 18, while the nut 20 is a means for regulating the gap between the knives, i.e. performs the function of an adjustable axial clamp.

 Between the ring gear 7 and the housing 1 seals are installed (not shown).

 Installation of the device is as follows.

 A pack of alternating fixed 11 and movable 10 knives is installed in the holder 18 on the supporting ribs 19, the movable knives 10 being located between the fixed shelves 11, then the shaft 21 is installed.

 The shaft 21 is installed in the bearings 22 and 23, while it is rigidly connected with the movable knives 10 by means of a key connection with the possibility of axial movement.

 The holder 18 is brought into interaction with the nut 20. When screwing the nut 20, the holder 18 moves up to the stop of the upper fixed knife 11 in the lower end surface of the housing 1, after which, by rotating the nut 20, the required clearance between the knives is set.

 When the loading hopper 4 is folded down, the rotor 5 is inserted from above into the working chamber 2, while the lower end of the screw 9, made in the form of a gear half coupling, interacts with the upper end of the shaft 21, made in the form of a reciprocal gear half coupling, forming a gear coupling, and the outer protrusions 16 rings 15, connecting the outer ends of the spokes 13, which are rigidly connected with the spike 12 of the rotor 5 by means of a hub 14 connecting them, enter into interaction with their respective sockets 17 in the ring gear 7, forming a bayonet lock, which is locked by the rotation of the rotor 5 relative to the ring gear 7.

 The loading hopper 4 is closed.

 The device is ready to go.

 The device operates as follows. The crushed material, for example, soaked wheat grain, enters the feed hopper 4. The rotor drive 6 is turned on.

 From the gear rim 7, mounted by means of an angular contact bearing 8 on the housing 1, by means of the spokes 13, the rotation is transmitted to the rotor 5, and from it by means of the gear coupling to the shaft 21 and then by keyway to the movable knives 10.

 The crushed material from the loading hopper 4 under the action of gravity and rotating knitting needles 13, due to the fact that the inclination of the needles 13 coincides with the inclination of the turns of the screw 9, enters the working chamber 2 to the screw 9.

 The screw 9 advances the crushed material down the working chamber 2 and creates the compression necessary for feeding it to the movable 10 and forcing it through the fixed 11 knives, while the forces acting on the screw 9 are transmitted via spokes 13 to the angular contact bearing 8, the forces acting on the shaft 21 are transmitted to the bearings 22 and 23.

 The material crushed by the cutting edges of the movable 10 and the fixed 11 knives through the discharge window 3, coaxial to the working chamber 2, is unloaded from the device.

 The dismantling of the installation for maintenance and sanitization of the working bodies is as follows.

 The loading hopper 4. leans back. The bayonet lock is unlocked and the ring 16 assembled with the spokes 14 and the screw 9 is removed upward from the working chamber 2, while the gear clutch is opened. The nut 21 is screwed from the yoke 18 and it, falling down, leaves the connection. From the holder 18, the shaft 22, the stationary 11 and the movable 10 knives are removed.

 All parts in contact with the material to be ground are sanitized; if necessary, knives 10 and 11 are sharpened.

Claims (18)

 1. The device for grinding, comprising a housing with a vertical working chamber and a discharge window, a loading hopper located above the working chamber, coaxially with it, mounted in the working chamber on the supports of the rotor, including a sequentially placed feed organ and movable grinding elements interacting with stationary grinding elements associated with the housing, the rotor drive, the output link of which is made in the form of a ring element enclosing the working chamber, rigidly connected with the rotor, and means for walking the gap between the grinding elements, characterized in that the feed member is made up of a pump, the ring element is mounted on the housing by an angular contact bearing, and the discharge window is made coaxial with the working chamber.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular element is connected to the rotor by means of spokes.  3. The device according to each of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the annular element is made in the form of a ring gear.  4. The device according to each of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the supplying body is made in the form of a screw.  5. The device according to each of paragraphs.2, 4, characterized in that the spokes are made in the form of inclined blades, the inclination of which coincides with the inclination of the turns of the screw.  6. The device according to each of paragraphs.2, 5, characterized in that the spokes are placed on the upper end of the rotor.  7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable grinding elements are made in the form of movable knives rigidly connected to the rotor with the possibility of axial movement, and the stationary grinding elements are made in the form of fixed knives rigidly connected to the body.  8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for regulating the gap between the grinding elements is made in the form of an adjustable axial clamp.  9. The device according to each of paragraphs.5, 6, characterized in that the spokes are mounted on the rotor spike through a hub connecting them with the possibility of axial connector and fixing.  10. The device according to each of paragraphs.5, 6, characterized in that the spokes are connected with the annular element with the possibility of axial connector and fixing.  11. The device according to each of paragraphs.7, 8, characterized in that the knives are placed with the formation of a package of alternating fixed and movable knives installed between the thrust surface and the adjustable axial clamp, and the fixed knives are installed in the housing with axial movement.  12. The device according to each of paragraphs.4, 7, characterized in that the movable knives are mounted on a shaft, the upper end of which is connected to the lower end of the feed organ with the possibility of angular displacement of their axes.  13. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the package is placed in the bore of the housing between its bottom and an annular clip covering the discharge window.  14. The device according to each of paragraphs.9, 12, characterized in that the lower end of the feed member with the upper end of the shaft is connected with the possibility of an axial connector.  15. The device according to p. 13, characterized in that the package is installed in a cage, equipped with an external thread, interacting with a nut, mounted rotatably on the housing, and the clip is rigidly connected to the housing with the possibility of axial movement.  16. The device according to p. 15, characterized in that the cage is equipped with support ribs.  17. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the ends of the spokes are connected by a ring with external protrusions forming a bayonet lock with their corresponding sockets in the annular element.  18. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hopper is folding.

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