RU2175427C1 - Continuous conveyer-type drying plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: drying solid semiproducts; short-cut macaroni, for example, tea, berries, medicinal herbs, vegetables and fruits. SUBSTANCE: plant has framework 1 made from vertical and horizontal uprights 3 and 4 inclined relative to spreader 15 smoothly distributing products over entire width of belt. Belts of upper conveyer are mounted in parallel relative to one another. Framework is assembled from individual sections. Last section from spreader is provided with drive mechanism; infra-red radiation heating elements mounted above upper working run of belt in each section are rigidly connected with framework and are provided with reflectors which give support for lower runs 12 of belt. Adjacent conveyers are made for rotation of belts in opposite directions; odd conveyers are shifted lengthwise towards spreader by amount sufficient for transfer from conveyer to conveyer. Heating elements are switched on individually by means of toggle switches. Shielding panels 17 mounted above ends of belt have form of ladles made from synthetic material; they are rigidly connected with framework and exclude pouring of material in transfer. Continuous belts are made from synthetic material. Loading bin 16 is located in first section (from spreader) above working run of belt and unloading chute is mounted under lower conveyer in last section. Drive mechanism consists of DC electric motor, spiroidal reduction gear, chain transmission, V-belt transmission and drive drums. Driven drums, tensioner 25 and electric cabinet are located in first section (from spreader). Driven and drive drums are connected in pairs by means of belts. Guide angles available in framework give support for working runs of each belt. Detachable attached casings are mounted on framework above upper conveyer. Drying the product is effected by progressive method of intermittent radiation when heating of the product by infra-red rays is combined with cooling said product by air, thus excluding cracking and warpage. Modular construction of framework makes easy maintenance of drive mechanism with no limitation pertaining to length of motion, volume of product and partial load of mechanism. Noiseless heating elements reduce level of noise. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency and reliability. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a device for drying solid piece intermediates, in particular short-cut pasta, medicinal herbs, tea, berries, shredded fruits and vegetables, at small businesses (on state farms, collective farms, partnerships) and private entrepreneurs.

 Drying of materials, intermediates or finished products is used in all industries. For this purpose, various drying plants are used, which differ in their design, operation mode, and method of heat input (convective, in which the drying product is washed with heated gas, air, superheated steam; conductive, when the product is dried on a heated surface and the heat necessary for evaporation of moisture and heating a wet product, is transmitted by thermal conductivity from a heated surface, and moisture is absorbed by the environment). Among the various methods of supplying heat in the drying processes, the method of intermittent irradiation is promising when the heating of the drying product with infrared rays is combined with its cooling by air. This prevents the product from cracking and warping (B. Sazhin. Fundamentals of drying technology. M: Chemistry, 1984, S. 35, 38, 142).

 It is also known that in the food industry, in addition to mechanical and technological requirements for equipment, strict sanitary requirements are applied to ensure easy and inexpensive sanitary maintenance of equipment, the main condition being availability, that is, the working bodies of the device must allow quick assembly and disassembly of the device for comprehensive cleaning by standard means. (РЖ: Food industry equipment. / Separate issue /, 1992, abstracts 3.38.5, 6.38.15).

 The main drying of short-cut pasta in our country is carried out in steam conveyor dryers of the type KSK-4G-45. (Medvedev G.M. Technology of pasta production. Textbook and study guide for students of higher educational institutions. - 2nd ed., Stereotype. M: Kolos, 1998, p. 164 - 167, Fig. 61). The dryer consists of a welded steel frame on which all the mechanisms and casing of the dryer are mounted. The side and end walls of the dryer consist of tightly closing doors made of heat-insulating material. Inside the dryer there are several belt conveyors (hereinafter referred to as conveyors) mounted parallel to each other with a drive mechanism, heaters and collectors for heating and supplying steam from the bottom up. To create traction above the dryer, exhaust hoods are installed, which serve to suck humidified air out of the dryer. The dryer is equipped with a distributor for supplying the drying product to the upper working branch of the belt of the upper conveyor and protective shields that are inclined towards the belts to guide the drying product when turning it from level to level and preventing it from spreading, which are made in the form of flat plates rigidly connected to the frame in its ends. Above the upper working branch of each continuous conveyor belt, agitators with fingers are installed across it, which serve to prevent the formation of ingots of the product as a result of its sticking under the influence of wet steam. The side walls of the dryer casing are provided with windows for access to the internal mechanisms of the dryer. Adjacent conveyors are installed with the ability to move belts in opposite directions.

 The known dryer has great performance with small dimensions, but it works in a tough mode with increasing drying ability of air: as it dries, the product is blown with drier air on the lower conveyors. This leads to cracking of the drying product, which is undesirable for pasta. Using a dryer leads to large material and energy costs. The presence of working heaters and fans increases the noise level during operation of the dryer. In addition, the inclined protective shields do not guarantee that the drying product does not disperse when it is turned over from level to level due to their flat shape, and due to the closure of the dryer, the operator’s work on controlling the drying process, as well as sanitary maintenance, is difficult.

 Also known is a conveyor dryer used in automatic lines of the Bryanti company (Italy), selected as the closest analogue (Medvedev G.M. Macaroni production technology. Textbook and study guide for students of higher educational institutions. - 2nd ed., Stereotype M.: Kolos, 1998, p. 171 - 174, Fig. 65, 66). The dryer is a heat-insulated sealed tunnel, doors, hatches and windows for access to internal mechanisms are located in the paneling of the casing. Inside the tunnel, parallel to each other, several conveyor belts with a drive mechanism are installed. The dryer is equipped with a distributor for uniform distribution of the drying product across the entire width of the upper working branch of the upper conveyor. Conveyor belts are made of continuous synthetic material. The odd levels of the conveyors are shifted towards the distributor by the same amount of length to transfer the drying product from the conveyor to the conveyor. Adjacent conveyors are installed with the possibility of rotation of the belts in opposite directions. Axial fans are installed under the lower conveyor, which is isolated from the floor by a partition, which are used to draw in air from the environment and move it into the air heater. The heater installed next to the fans serves to heat the air and direct it to the end of the dryer under the loading hole, to pass over the layers of the product dried on the belts and then to the end of the dryer to the dry product discharge zone, to remove part of the exhaust air by the exhaust fan into the surrounding Wednesday and directions of the rest for recycling.

 In the specified dryer throughout the entire stay of the drying product in it, it is blown with air with almost constant drying ability, which distinguishes the dryer from the previous analogue.

 At the same time, the indicated dryer is characterized by the remaining disadvantages of the previous analogue. In addition, in both analogues, the frames are made non-separable.

 The present invention solves the problem of ensuring the stability of the drying process with the lowest energy costs by improving the contact of the drying product with the environment, intermittent irradiation of the product, as well as creating the mobility of the installation and reducing noise.

 To achieve this technical result, the installation of a continuous continuous conveyor dryer comprising several belt conveyors mounted parallel to each other in a frame of vertical and horizontal racks on supports with the possibility of rotation of continuous conveyor belts, a drive mechanism, a mechanism for supplying heat to the drying product, a distributor for uniform distribution of the drying product on the upper working branch of the belt of the upper conveyor, while the conveyor belts are made of synthetic material, with The front conveyors are installed with the possibility of rotation of the belts in opposite directions, the odd rows of conveyors are shifted to the side of the distributor by the same amount of length sufficient to re-bind the drying product from the conveyor to the conveyor, and shielding plates rigidly connected with the frame are installed in the re-bending areas to prevent product scattering drying, according to the invention, the frame is made inclined to the pickup, prefabricated from separate sections and provided with guides on which the upper working branches of the tapes rest of conveyors, the heat supply mechanism is made in the form of infrared heating elements installed in each section of the frame with the possibility of individual inclusion, rigidly connected with it and equipped with reflectors that support the lower branches of the conveyors, and the shielding shields in the zone of the edging of the drying product are made of synthetic material, have the shape of a bucket and are mounted above the ends of the belts; in addition, hinged casings are located above the upper conveyor of the installation.

 The essential features of the claimed invention are: the implementation of the frame assembly from separate sections and provided with guides, the execution of the frame inclined to the layout; the installation of heating elements of infrared radiation in each section of the frame above the upper working branches of the conveyor belts with the possibility of individual operation, equipped with reflectors that support the lower branches of the belts; the implementation of the shielding shields in the form of a bucket in the zone of recanting the drying product of synthetic material directly above the ends of the tapes.

 The proposed installation is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of the installation; in FIG. 2 - continuation of FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 is a rear view.

 The continuous conveyor drying installation consists of a frame 1 assembled in separate sections 2 from vertical 3 and horizontal 4 racks using bolted joints 5.

 The frame 1 has five guides 6 made of a corner (the optimal number of conveyor levels for convenient height maintenance is five), on which continuous belts 8 are made of the upper working branch 7, made of synthetic material, for example, a monocapron, conveyors 9. On the racks 4 of each sections 2 using plates 10 installed heating elements 11 (the drawing shows only one section) of infrared radiation located above the upper working branch 7 of the tape 8. The lower branch 12 of each tape 8 is supported by firs heating elements 11, 13.

 The supporting ends 14 of the uprights 3 of the frame 1 are made with a variable height, from smaller to larger as each section 2 moves away from the spreader 15. The spreader 15 is equipped with a loading hopper 16. The odd conveyors 9 are offset towards the spreader 15 by the same length providing the most accurate product falling into the lower conveyor during grafting 9. In the grafting area, directly above the ends of the belts 8, shielding shields made in the form of a bucket 17 are installed to prevent spilling of the drying product during grafting from the upper the level of the conveyors 9 to the bottom, made of synthetic material, for example monocapron, and fixed to the frame 1 using brackets 18. In the latter, from the spreader 15 of section 2 of the frame 1, a drive mechanism is installed, consisting of a direct current electric motor 19, a spyroid gearbox 20, a chain drive 21, V-belt drive 22, driving drums 23. In the first from the spreader 15 section 2 of the frame 1 are driven drums 24, a tensioner 25 and a control cabinet 26. Driving drums 23 and driven drums 24, made, for example, from hardwood trees, pairwise connected by a tape 8 in each conveyor 9, due to this tape 8 adjacent conveyors 9 can rotate in opposite directions.

 The heating elements 11 are made with the possibility of individual operation from the toggle switches 27 mounted on the racks 3 of each section of the frame 1 from the outside of the installation in the operator’s area of operation. In the same area, on the frame 1, a control cabinet 26 is fixed, which serves to turn on the installation in the network. The upper conveyor 9 is covered by removable hinged casings 28 mounted on racks 4 of the frame 1 and designed to protect the drying product from dust. In the latter, from the spreader 15 of section 2, under the lower conveyor 9, an unloading tray 29 is installed.

The use of the inventive installation of a continuous conveyor drying allows you to:
- to dry the product with constant drying ability, with lower energy costs due to improved contact of the drying product with the environment; the installation is made in the form of a frame open to the environment, which allows faster removal of moisture from the product, as well as through the use of infrared radiation heaters operating in the radiation range that is a multiple of the vibration frequency of water molecules, providing uniform heating;
- use not all levels of the installation, for example, in case of shutdown of the installation for any reason (reducing the volume of the drying product or leaving it at the levels unsaturated, end of shift, power outage) due to the individual actuation of the heating elements at any level of the installation;
- use the installation in workrooms of any size along the length and for any changes in the volume of the drying product due to modularity (disassembling the installation frame into separate sections), while changing the length of the tapes;
- to provide free access during the sanitary treatment of the installation due to the openness of the installation;
- reduce noise during installation due to the use of silent heating elements;
- to provide natural convection of heated air along the tapes, from the bottom up, and the discharge of the dried product into the container without the use of additional mechanisms due to the tilt of the frame;
- facilitate the operator’s maintenance of the installation due to the availability of control over the operation of the installation due to its openness to the environment.

 Installation works as follows.

 When you turn on the installation in the network by means of the control cabinet 26, the drying product through the loading hopper 16 using the spreader 15 is evenly distributed over the entire width of the upper working branch 7 of the continuous belt 8 of the upper conveyor 9. All the toggle switches 27 of the heating elements 11 are included.

 The drive mechanism, consisting of a direct current electric motor 19 and a spiroid gearbox 20, drives the driving drums 23. By means of a V-belt drive 22 and a chain drive 21, a continuous belt 8, pairwise connecting the driving and driven drums, drives the driven drums 24.

 Having gone to the end of the level of the upper working branch 7, the drying product is poured to the level of the lower working branch 12. Shielding shields 17 installed above the ends of the belts 8 catch the drying product during re-bending and are sent to the belt 8 of the lower conveyor 9. Offset odd conveyors 9 away from of the spreader 15 by the same length in length ensures an exact product hit during the transfer from the upper to the lower levels of the conveyor 9. The drying product, having thus passed through all five levels of conveyors, is poured into the container through the unloading lot 29.

Claims (2)

 1. Installation of continuous conveyor drying, containing several belt conveyors mounted parallel to each other in a frame of vertical and horizontal racks on supports with the possibility of rotation of continuous conveyor belts, a drive mechanism, a mechanism for supplying heat to the drying product, a distributor for uniform distribution of the drying product on the upper working branch of the belt of the upper conveyor, while the conveyor belts are made of synthetic material, adjacent conveyors are installed with the possibility of tapes in opposite directions, the odd rows of conveyors are shifted to the distributor along the length by the same amount, sufficient to re-bind the drying product from the conveyor to the conveyor, and shielding panels rigidly connected to the frame are installed in the re-bending areas to prevent the product from spilling out during drying; that the frame is inclined to the pickup, prefabricated from separate sections and equipped with guides on which the upper working branches of the conveyor belts rest, in each section of the frame On top of the working branches of the conveyor belts, infrared heating elements rigidly connected to the frame are installed, each individually individually switched on, with reflectors that support the lower branches of the conveyor belts, and shielding shields in the area of the product drying drying, made in the form of a bucket of synthetic material mounted directly above the ends of the tapes, in addition, over the upper conveyor of the installation on the frame are mounted detachable removable casing.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the supporting ends in each section of the frame as the distance from the spreader is a variable from smaller to greater.

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