RU2172804C2 - Method for protecting walls and/or ceilings of wood framed buildings and structures mainly from extreme damping - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction of wood framed low buildings designed for operation at low ambient temperature. SUBSTANCE: method involves installation of external side of wood bearing part of wall filled with heat insulation; sealed external facing; gas-permeable shield installed on internal side. Set of closed channels intercommunicating through delivery and discharge manifolds is organized by means of partitions installed on other side of shield along posts of wall frame and beams of socle and camp ceilings and using internal facing of walls, socle and camp ceilings. Wood members of structure and heat insulation are dried out by passing dry air over set of channels through gas-permeable shield. EFFECT: improved reliability and ventilation of building. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the construction of low-rise buildings or structures designed to operate primarily at low outdoor temperatures.

 Known designs of wooden frame-frame and panel buildings, the outer walls of which consist of three main parts: [1] the inner lining with vapor barrier, the bearing part with thermal insulation and the outer lining. The outer lining prevents the penetration of moisture from the outside. The bearing part with thermal insulation perceives and transfers loads to the foundation and retains heat in the house. The inner lining with a vapor barrier layer gives the walls an aesthetic appearance and prevents the penetration of steam from the premises into the interior of the walls and floors, which are in the process of operation under the influence of temperature differences. These include exterior walls, walls and ceilings between heated and unheated rooms, basement and attic floors. In this case, vapor barrier is designed to protect the wooden elements of walls and floors from overmoistening and biological destruction and to maintain the heat-insulating properties of the insulation. However, the presence of vapor barrier leads to a sharp decrease in natural (diffusion) ventilation through walls and ceilings, which worsens the atmosphere in the premises and requires the installation of additional ventilation systems. In addition, vapor barrier, as a rule, does not provide 100% protection against penetration of moisture into walls and ceilings. Therefore, various methods and devices for removing moisture from the interior of walls and ceilings, as well as original designs of walls or ceilings, buildings or structures, where effective methods of combating waterlogging of wooden elements of buildings can be implemented, are being spread.

 Closest to the claimed is a complex of inventions: "A method of protecting walls and / or ceilings of wooden panel buildings or structures mainly against waterlogging, a wall or ceiling, a building or structure" [2]. The essence of the invention is that in the walls and floors that are in use during the operation under the influence of temperature differences, the insulation is placed on the outside of the wooden structural elements, which form the internal space of the walls or floors and are mainly the supporting part of the structure. The inner space of the walls with two horizontal partitions is divided in height into three parts. The middle part of the inner space of the walls is delimited by vertical partitions into cells. Moreover, the lower horizontal walls of the cells are simultaneously the upper horizontal wall of the injection manifold, which occupies the lower part of the inner space of the walls. The upper horizontal walls of the cells are simultaneously the lower horizontal wall of the outlet manifold, which occupies the upper part of the inner space of the walls. In the basement and attic floors, the internal space along the entire width of the floors is delimited by cells with beams. Outlets are made in the lower and upper horizontal walls of the injection manifold connecting each cell of the walls or floors with the injection manifold, and air flow regulators are installed on them, and inlets are connected to the lower and upper horizontal walls of the outlet manifold connecting each cell of the walls or floors with exhaust manifold, and they also install air flow regulators. Dry air is forcibly supplied to the discharge manifold, from the injection manifold through the outlet openings with flow regulators, air enters the cells of the walls and floors and then enters through the inlet openings with flow regulators to the exhaust manifold. Passing through the cells, the air drains the wooden structural elements, after which the moistened air is forcibly removed from the exhaust manifold. The flow rate of dry air supplied into each cell is regulated, achieving a uniform decrease in the moisture content of the wooden structural elements of the walls and floors in all cells to a level not exceeding 12%. At the same time, the inner lining of walls and ceilings is predominantly gas permeable to improve the removal of moisture from the premises. In addition, in the lower part of the walls on the discharge manifold from the side of the inner lining, holes are made on which air flow regulators are installed and which regulate the air supply from the injection manifold into the premises for ventilation. In the upper part of the walls on the exhaust manifold from the side of the inner lining, holes are made, on which air flow regulators are also installed and which regulate the suction of air from the premises into the exhaust manifold for ventilation. At the same time, before supplying walls and ceilings to the inner space, the air is filtered as necessary and for heating the premises of the building in the cold season it is heated, and in the hot season it is cooled. In addition, to reduce heat loss, part of the air discharged from the exhaust manifold is returned to the discharge manifold with a regulator for reuse, and another part of the air discharged from the exhaust manifold outside the building is used with an air-air radiator to heat or cool the intake outside air. In addition, a gas or aerosol, antiseptic or insecticidal composition is additionally supplied into the walls and ceilings, together with air, as necessary. The injection manifold through the inlet pipe with a non-return valve is connected to air treatment units, gas or aerosol fire extinguishing and gas or aerosol antiseptic or insecticidal composition, and the outlet manifold is connected to the air removal unit through the outlet pipe. The air preparation and removal units are mounted on a common base and closed by a soundproof casing. At the same time, all the wooden elements of the wall or floor except the window, door blocks and flooring boards are made mainly of hardwood lumber with a natural moisture content after antiseptic treatment and are assembled on nail and nail joints mainly in large-sized panels of high factory readiness, including the installation of window and door blocks, glazing, electrical and plumbing, interior decoration.

 However, the practical implementation of these inventions is associated with solving a number of complex architectural and construction problems. So, for example, it is technically difficult to lay inlet and outlet pipes to each wall from the air treatment and removal units. In addition, only the inlet openings of the discharge manifolds of the walls go into the basement, and only the outlet openings of the outlet manifold of the walls go into the attic and, therefore, it is necessary to close at least both floors with a junction box to allow air circulation in the floors or to bring to the middle parts basement and attic floors, respectively, the outlet and inlet pipes from the air removal and preparation unit. Also quite complicated and time-consuming operation is sealing the joints of wall panels both between themselves and with ceilings. The use of non-dried lumber, in practice, leads to weakening of nail and nail joints and the formation of cracks, which naturally causes a loss in the strength characteristics of the structure and increases the loss of injected air. The location of the insulation on the outside of the bearing part of the building structure, although it has thermophysical advantages, however, the installation of insulation in this case can be carried out only on the outside and therefore must be done in dry weather or requires temporary overhangs for work on rainy days, and this lengthens deadlines and increases the cost of construction work. The wall design provides for many holes with regulators (4 holes for 0.5 - 0.75 linear meters of wall), which increases the complexity and accordingly increases the cost of the wall panel and the building as a whole. In addition, the air intake from the premises with its further preparation and supply to the discharge manifold seems unnecessary, as this makes the air preparation process more expensive due to its additional drainage.

 The listed drawbacks will be eliminated by the integrated use of the proposed inventions: "A method of protecting walls and / or ceilings of wooden, frame-frame buildings or structures mainly from over-wetting, a building or structure."

 In the "Method for the protection of walls and / or ceilings of wooden frame-frame buildings and structures mainly from waterlogging" on wooden frame elements (the bearing part of the structure) of walls, basement and attic, with insulation placed inside, an airtight outer lining is fixed on the outside, and on the inside, a gas-permeable screen is strengthened, on the other side of which vertical partitions-overlays are fixed on the wall racks, which together with the inner lining form vertical channels n, at the upper end of which air flow regulators are mounted, which (channels) are in turn connected to the channels in the ceilings, and in the basement ceiling, mutually perpendicular partitions are fixed in two layers on the beams on the beams: overlays for beams and logs on which are fixed hermetic flooring and thus form mutually perpendicular channels forming an accumulation cavity, which is connected to an insulated duct - an injection manifold, through windows that are made in the insulation and external it is facing the basement, mainly in its middle part, and which (box) is hermetically fastened from below to the outer facing of the basement, and in the attic floor through the gas-permeable screen along the beams fix partitions, on which, in turn, the ceiling is fixed and thus form channels, while in the walls-overlays of the attic floor provide gaps through which provide the possibility of flow of air from the channel into the channel, in addition, the channels of the attic The ceilings are connected to the insulated box - the outlet manifold, through windows that are made in the insulation and in the outer lining of the attic floor, mainly in its middle part, and which (the box) is hermetically fixed on top of the outer lining of the attic floor, while dry air is forced into an injection manifold, from where it, through a system of channel walls, basement and attic floors, covering all the external fences of the building, enters the outlet manifold, as dry air passes through all In the building, through a gas-permeable screen, it drains the wooden elements of the wall frame, basement and attic floors, as well as insulation in all the external fences of the building, after which moistened air is removed from the exhaust manifold, and the flow rate of dry air supplied into each channel of the walls is set using air flow regulators, achieving a uniform decrease in the humidity of wooden structures to a level not exceeding 12%, in addition, holes are mainly made under the windows in the inner wall cladding They install air flow regulators and with which they measure the air supply from the wall channels into the premises in order to refresh the air circulating inside the walls, basement and attic floors, since the air from the exhaust manifold is mixed with fresh air taken from the outside instead of the air that was thrown into the room, and served injection manifold to maintain continuous circulation of dry air inside the walls of the basement and attic floors.

 In the “Buildings or constructions” design, walls and ceilings that are in operation during the operation under the influence of temperature extremes have sealed outer cladding on the wooden frame elements (the bearing part of the structure), and a gas-permeable screen is fixed on the inside, on the other side of which on the racks of the frame of the walls are fixed vertical partitions-overlays, which together with the inner lining form the vertical channels of the walls, at the upper end of which the flow controllers are mounted air, which (channels), in turn, are connected to channels in the ceilings, and in the basement ceilings, mutually perpendicular partitions are fixed on the beams on the beams in two layers: overlays on the beams and logs on which the sealed flooring is fixed and thus mutually formed perpendicular channels forming an accumulating cavity, which is connected to a heat-insulated duct - an injection manifold, through windows made in the insulation and the outer facing of the basement, is advantageous about in its middle part and which (box) is hermetically fixed from below on the outer facing of the basement, and in the attic floor through gas-permeable screen along the beams are fixed partitions, on which ceiling floor is in turn fixed and thus channels are formed, while gaps for attic floors are provided for gaps through which air can flow from channel to channel, in addition, the channels of the attic floor are connected to the insulated duct - by a drawer collector, through windows made in the insulation and in the outer lining of the attic floor, mainly in its middle part, and which (box) is hermetically mounted on top of the outer lining of the attic floor, in addition, mainly under the windows, in the inner wall cladding, holes are made in which air flow regulators are installed for the dosed air supply from the channel of the walls into the premises, while the discharge and exhaust manifolds are connected by air ducts to the installation providing hvac and circulation of dry air through the channels of the walls, basement and attic floors and which is located mainly in the basement, and all the elements of the power frame and the outer cladding of the walls and floors of the building have a high degree of factory readiness.

 The essence of the invention is explained in figures 1, 2, 3.

 In FIG. 1 shows walls and floors.

 In FIG. 2 shows a building in cross section.

 In FIG. 3 shows, with a conditionally cut soundproof casing, an installation providing for the preparation and circulation of air.

 "The method of protecting walls and / or ceilings of wooden frame-frame buildings and structures, mainly from waterlogging," aims to create walls and ceilings in the interior space that are under the influence of temperature differences, draining the air-temperature regime.

 For this, an environmentally friendly insulation 4 made of glass or mineral fiber is placed inside the supporting frame 1 of the building, made of wooden bars-racks of walls 2 and floor beams 3. On the outside of the supporting frame 1, a sealed outer cladding 5 of cement-bonded particle boards 12 mm thick is fixed, all joints between which are sealed with sealant, and on the inside, a gas-permeable screen 6 is strengthened in the form of a fine-mesh polymer mesh, or fabric, or thin cardboard. On the other side of the screen 6 on the uprights of the walls 2, vertical partitions-lining 7 are fixed, onto which the inner wall cladding 8 is installed, which consists of sheets of drywall, and thereby the vertical channels of the walls 9 are formed. At the upper end of each channel, air flow regulators 10 are mounted in the form partitions with holes of the calculated diameter. The channels of the walls 9, in turn, are connected to the channels 11 and 12 in the ceilings, and in the basement, through the gas-permeable screen 6, the mutually perpendicular partitions are fixed in two layers on the beams 3: overlays on the beams 7 and logs 13 with a step of 400 mm onto which are sealed flooring 14 of cement-bonded particleboards 20 mm thick and linoleum, and thus form mutually perpendicular channels 11 forming an accumulating cavity 15. The latter is connected to a heat-insulated duct - an injection manifold 16 through windows 17, which are executed in insulation 4 and the outer lining of the basement 5, mainly in its middle part. The discharge manifold 16 is hermetically secured from below on the outer lining of the basement 5. In the attic, through the gas-permeable screen 6 along the beams 3, partitions 7 are fixed, onto which ceiling plasterboard 18 is in turn fastened and thus channels 12 are formed, while partitions-lining 7 of the attic floor provide gaps 19, through which allow air to flow from channel to channel. The channels 12 of the attic floor are connected to the insulated box - the outlet manifold 20 through the windows 21, which are performed in the insulation 4 and the outer lining 5 of the attic floor, mainly in its middle part. The exhaust manifold 20 is hermetically mounted on top of the outer lining of the attic floor 5. The inner lining of the walls 8 and the ceiling floor 18 of the attic floor are predominantly gas permeable to diffuse refresh the air in the rooms, in addition, holes 22 are made in the walls mainly under the windows, in the inner lining, in which air flow regulators 23 are installed, which measure the air supply from the channels of the walls 9 into the premises in order to ventilate the latter and refresh the air, circular within guide walls, basement and attic floors.

 Heated to a temperature of 40 - 50 degrees Celsius during the heating season or cooled to a temperature of 10-15 degrees Celsius during a period of elevated temperatures and drained air is forcibly supplied to the discharge manifold 16, from where it is supplied through the system of channels 9, 11 and 12 of the basement and attic floors, covering all the external fences of the building, enters the exhaust manifold 20, as dry air passes through all channels, it drains through the gas-permeable screen 6 the wooden elements of the wall frame, basement and attic of ceilings, as well as insulation 4, while heating or cooling the inner lining of walls 8, floor 14 and ceiling 18 flooring. After that, humidified air is removed from the exhaust manifold 20, mixed with fresh air taken from the outside instead of being thrown into the premises, the resulting mixture is optionally filtered, dried and heated or cooled to the required temperature and fed to the discharge manifold 16 to maintain continuous circulation of dry air in the channels inside the walls of the basement and attic floors. Moreover, the flow rate of dry air supplied into each channel of the walls is set using the air flow regulators 10, achieving a uniform decrease in the humidity of wooden structures to a level not exceeding 12%.

 The building or structure includes (see Fig. 1, 2, 3) foundation 24, walls 25, floors 26, 27, 28, roof 29. Walls or floors that are in operation during the operation under the influence of temperature differences, consist of a supporting frame 1 of a building made of wooden bars-racks of walls 2 and floor beams 3, inside of which there is an environmentally friendly insulation 4 made of glass or mineral fiber. A sealed outer lining 5 of cement-bonded particle boards 12 mm thick is fixed on the outside of the supporting frame 1, the joints between them are sealed with sealant, and on the inside there is a gas-permeable screen 6 in the form of a fine-mesh polymer mesh, or fabric, or thin cardboard. On the other side of the screen 6 on the uprights of the walls 2 there are fixed vertical partitions-pads 7, on which an inner wall cladding 8 is installed, consisting of sheets of drywall, and thereby the vertical channels of the walls are formed 9. At the upper end of each channel, air flow controllers 10 are mounted in the form partitions with holes of the calculated diameter. The channels of the walls 9, in turn, are connected to the channels 11 and 12 in the ceilings, and in the basement, through the gas-permeable screen 6 on the beams 3, mutually perpendicular partitions are fixed in two layers: overlays on the beams 7 and logs 13 with a pitch of 400 mm, on which the sealed flooring 14 made of cement-bonded particle boards 20 mm thick and linoleum, and thus an accumulating cavity 15 is formed. The latter is connected to the insulated duct - injection manifold 16 through windows 17, which are made in insulation 4 and the outer cladding th floor 5, mainly in its middle part. The discharge manifold 16 is hermetically sealed from below on the outer facing of the basement 5. In the attic, through the gas permeable screen 6 along the beams 3, partitions 7 are fixed, onto which ceiling plasterboard 18 is in turn mounted and channels 12 are thus formed, gaps 7 of the attic floor are provided with gaps 19 through which air is allowed to flow from channel to channel. The channels 12 of the attic floor are connected to the insulated box - the outlet manifold 20 through the windows 21, which are made in the insulation 4 and the outer lining 5 of the attic floor, mainly in its middle part. The exhaust manifold 20 is hermetically mounted on top of the outer lining of the attic floor 5. The inner lining of the walls 8 and the ceiling floor 18 of the attic floor are predominantly gas-permeable for diffusive air freshening in the rooms, in addition, holes 22 are made in the walls mainly under the windows, in the inner lining, in which air flow regulators 23 are installed, dosing the air supply from the channels of the walls 9 into the premises, while the discharge and exhaust manifolds are connected by air dams 30, 31 with installation 32, which provides for the preparation and circulation of dry air through the channels of the walls, basement and attic floors, which is located mainly in the basement. The installation consists of a fan 34 mounted on a common base 33, a boiler 35, an air heater 36, a piping system 37, and a dry cooled air preparation unit 38 closed by an insulated casing 39. A suction 40 and a discharge 41 nozzles are removed from the casing for connecting the corresponding ducts. On the discharge pipe 41 there is an additional pipe 42 for connecting systems supplying a gas or aerosol antiseptic or insecticidal composition to the flow of dry air, as well as connecting the fire extinguishing system. In addition, all the elements of the power frame and the external cladding of the walls and floors of the building have a high degree of factory readiness.

Sources of information
1. Jurmalainen P. We build a wooden house ourselves. M .: Stroyizdat, 1992, p. 25.

 2. RU 2078179, 04/27/1997.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of protecting walls and / or ceilings of wooden frame-frame buildings and structures mainly from waterlogging, including the forced supply of dry air into the interior of the walls, basement and attic floors, which are in use during operation under the influence of temperature differences, and its forced suction from there increased moisture content, as well as, as necessary, filtering, drying and heating the air to the required temperature for heating the premises in the cold season, and in the hot season - cooling this air, making the inner wall cladding and attic flooring mainly from gas-permeable material for diffusion refreshment of indoor air, supplying the walls, basement and attic floors, as necessary, of aerosol or gaseous extinguishing compositions or antiseptic or insecticidal treatment, characterized in that on the wooden elements of the frame (the bearing part of the structure) of the walls, basement and attic floors with a heater placed inside with an external the sides fasten the hermetic outer lining, and on the inside strengthen the gas-permeable screen, on the other side of which vertical baffles-lining are fixed on the wall racks, which together with the inner lining form vertical wall channels, at the upper end of which air flow regulators are mounted, which (channels ), in turn, are connected to channels in the ceilings, and in the basement ceilings, through mutually perpendicular partitions, are fixed in two layers on the beams in a gas-permeable screen: shrinkage onto beams and logs on which a sealed flooring is fixed and thus form mutually perpendicular channels forming an accumulating cavity, which is connected to the insulated duct-injection manifold through windows that are made in the insulation and external facing of the basement mainly in its middle part, and which (box) is hermetically secured from below on the outer facing of the basement, and in the attic floor through the gas permeable screen along the beams fix partitions-lining, cat The others, in turn, fasten the ceiling flooring and thus form channels, while in the walls-overlays of the attic floor provide gaps through which air can flow from the channel to the channel, in addition, the attic floor channels are connected to a heated duct-collector through windows that are made in the insulation and in the outer lining of the attic, mainly in its middle part, and which (box) is hermetically fixed on top of the outer lining of the attic floors, while dry air is forcibly supplied to the discharge manifold, from where it enters the exhaust manifold through the channel system of the walls of the basement and attic floors, covering all the external enclosures of the building, as dry air passes through all channels, it washes the gas permeable screen and drains through it wooden elements of the wall frame, basement and attic floors, as well as insulation in all external fences of the building, after which moistened air is removed from the exhaust manifold, and the flow rate is the dry air that is drawn inside each channel of the walls is set with the help of air flow regulators, achieving a uniform decrease in the humidity of wooden structures to a level not exceeding 12%, in addition, mainly under the window, in the inner lining, holes are made into which air flow regulators are installed and which dosing the air supply from the channel of the walls into the premises in order to refresh the air circulating inside the walls, basement and attic floors, since the air taken from the exhaust manifold, sew with fresh air taken from the outside instead of being thrown into the premises, and the resulting mixture is fed into the discharge manifold to maintain the circulation of dry air inside the walls of the basement and attic floors.  2. A building or structure, including foundation, walls, ceilings, roofing, heating and ventilation systems, characterized in that in the walls and ceilings that are in operation during the operation under the influence of temperature differences, on wooden frame elements (the bearing part of the wall and ceiling structures) a sealed outer lining is fixed on the outside, and a gas-permeable screen is fixed on the inside, on the other side of which vertical partition walls are fixed on the racks of the wall frame, which together with inner lining they form vertical channels of walls, at the upper end of which air flow regulators are mounted, which (channels) are in turn connected to channels in the ceilings, and mutually perpendicular partitions are fixed in two layers in the basement ceiling through a gas-permeable screen: beams on the beams and logs on which a sealed flooring is fixed and mutually perpendicular channels are formed in this way, forming an accumulating cavity that is connected to the insulated duct by the collecting manifold, through the windows made in the insulation and the outer facing of the basement, mainly in its middle part, and which (box) is hermetically sealed from below on the external facing of the basement, and in the attic through the gas-permeable screen along the beams are fixed partitions on which in turn, the ceiling flooring is fixed and channels are formed in this way, while gaps are provided in the partition walls of the attic floor, through which it is possible to grind the air from the channel to the channel, in addition, the attic floor channels are connected to the insulated duct-exhaust manifold through windows made in the insulation and in the outer lining of the attic floor mainly in its middle part, and which (box) is hermetically mounted on top of the outer lining of the attic the ceiling, in addition, mainly under the windows, in the inner lining, holes are made in which air flow regulators are installed for dosing the air supply from the wall channels into the premises, at The discharge and exhaust manifolds are connected by air ducts to a unit that provides for the preparation and circulation of dry air through the channels of the walls, basement and attic, and which is located mainly in the basement, and all the elements of the power frame and the external cladding of the walls and floors of the building have a high degree of factory readiness.

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