RU2165837C1 - Method for dimension microgrinding of articles, apparatus for method embodiment and attachment for securing ground articles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: grinding machine tools with number program control and grinding processes realized by means of tools with working surface with bonded cutting grains and apexes protruded from binder by the same height. SUBSTANCE: method comprises steps of introducing to system program value of elasticity strength, predetermined size of ready article, predetermined height of microrelief, designed parameters of rate of taking off allowance; at grinding process discretely realizing multiple reverse lengthwise motions with stroke equal to predetermined height of microrelief on ground surface of ready article; continuously measuring values of static and dynamic components of cutting efforts in contact point of ground surface with apex of each cutting grain; continuously determining values of static and dynamic components of elastic deformation of grinding system; detecting time moment of occurring periodic uniform value of dynamic component of cutting effort corresponding to time moment of setting controlled grinding mode in grinding system of machine tool; continuously performing correction at least of one parameter of rate of taking off allowance in such a way that at each contact point value of dynamic component of elastic deformation is no more than predetermined height of microrelief and summed values of static and dynamic components of elastic deformation is no more than compression elasticity strength of system. Apparatus for performing the method includes monitoring system having electric circuit with connected in series piezoelectric pickup for measuring effort, calibrating voltage amplifier and analog-to-digital converter whose outlet is connected with respective inlet of computerized number program control unit having multichannel linear microinterpolator. Outlets of said interpolator are connected with respective control inlets of drive units for moving table with attachment for securing ground articles along coordinate axes X,Y,Z of machine tool. Attachment for securing ground articles has drive unit for rotating articles and it includes two hollow screws mounted in parallel and diametrically opposite relative to toothed rim at least of one spindle with possibility for their interrelated rotation. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency and accuracy of method. 32 cl, 18 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the processing of products from superhard and brittle materials, and more particularly, to a method for dimensional micro grinding of products, a device for its implementation and a device for attaching processed products.

 Most effectively, the present invention can be used in industry for high-performance grinding of products from any solid materials, in particular from structural ceramics, solid jewelry stones (for example, diamonds), optical, microelectronic materials and the like.

 Currently, it has become possible to treat highly hard brittle materials so that the plastic flow is not the brittle fracture but the predominant mechanism of material removal. This process is known as grinding in ductility mode. When highly brittle brittle materials are ground in the mode of plastic deformation, a surface with approximately the same characteristics as after polishing and grinding is obtained. However, unlike the latter, micro grinding in the plastic mode is a size-controlled process suitable for processing high-precision products and parts of complex shape. When dimensionally controlled micro grinding of products from superhard and brittle materials in the plastic mode is the main condition, it is necessary to remove from the work surface with each cutting grain the producing tool surface of the plastically deformed single chip, that is, without loss of elasticity in the processing system of the machine. This can be achieved by selecting the parameters for the intensity of stock removal set by the elastic processing system of the machine and including the speed of rotation of the grinding wheel, the speed of longitudinal movement of the touch point of each cutting grain of the producing tool surface with the machined surface along the path of the producing tool surface in the shaping plane, the depth of the discrete cut-in feeds for removal allowance in each pass, carried out at the time of reversal of the specified longitudinal lanes rooms, the number of passes and the location of the trajectory of these movements and other parameters.

 It is known that plastically deformed single chips are discretely formed during the machining of superhard and brittle materials, if the material is removed with a single grain sufficiently small (cutting depth less than 1 μm) (Toh SB and McPherson R., 1986, Fine Scale Abrasive Wear of Ceramics a Plastic Cutting Process ", Science of Hard Materials, Jnst. Phys. Conf. Serf. N 75, Chap. 9, Adam Hilger, Ltd., Rhodes, pp. 865-871). Moreover, any material with a solid structure can be removed by machining in the plastic flow mode. However, various superhard and brittle materials have different physical properties, as a result of which it is quite difficult to select the indicated parameters for the stock removal rate so that each cutting grain of the tooling surface in each pass removes plastically deformed single chips from the processed surface, since these materials are usually , possess high anisotropy of physical properties in various crystallographic planes even in one product.

 A well-known theory of the behavior of solids in local super-excited states. This theory confirms the possibility of plastic deformation of solids without destroying the continuity of the main crystal (Physics journal, Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, N 1, 1998, pp. 7-34).

A known method of micro grinding of flat surfaces and a device for its implementation (RU 2035287 C1), adopted by us as a prototype. The specified method is intended for dimensional micro grinding of products, mainly from superhard and brittle materials, by means of an elastic processing system of a machine tool with a programmed control having a producing tool surface with associated cutting grains, which includes introducing into the program of an elastic processing system of the machine a limit of system elasticity for compression and calculated intensity parameters removal of allowance from the workpiece surface to be processed, grinding of the workpiece the surface of the workpiece by a complex movement resulting from the rotational movement of the producing tool surface, multi-pass reverse longitudinal displacements of the touch point of the work surface with the producing tool surface along the calculated path of the producing tool surface and the mortise feeds carried out at the time of reverse are normal to the shaping plane to obtain the finished product with given dimensions and a given height of microroughnesses (R _z ) on the finished surface of the finished product.

 A device for implementing this method comprises a machine, the elastic processing system of which comprises a device attached to the machine for attaching a cutting tool having a producing tool surface with associated cutting grains. Under this device there is a support on which a table with a device for attaching the workpiece is mounted. The device has a drive for longitudinal movement of the table in the plane of shaping along the coordinate axis X of the machine, a drive for longitudinal movement of the support with the table in the plane of shaping along the coordinate axis Y of the machine, a drive for moving the support with the table along the coordinate axis Z of the machine, and also a drive for rotating the attachment cutting tool. In addition, the device comprises a numerical control tool, the control outputs of which are electrically connected to the corresponding drives of rotation of the device for mounting the cutting tool and moving the table and device for mounting the workpiece along the coordinate axes X, Y, Z of the machine.

 When using the specified device and the implementation of the specified method, the parameters for the intensity of stock removal are calculated from literary sources taking into account the average statistical characteristics of the physical properties of the material of the workpiece and the material of the producing tool surface, as well as the average statistical passport data of the static and dynamic characteristics of the grinding machine from the conditions for removing plastically deformed chips one cutting grain producing tool surface during one revolution of the grinding wheel, assuming that all cutting grains throughout the life of the grinding wheel will invariably carry out cutting in the same way without violating the elastic properties of the processing system. However, in the specified device there are no means of technological diagnostics of the micro grinding process. This eliminates the possibility of obtaining prompt, reliable and sufficient for subsequent targeted use information on the state of all components of the elastic processing system at any current time of processing. Therefore, in actual use of said device, the implementation of said method is characterized by an unstable state of an elastic processing system. In this case, it becomes possible to lose elastic properties in the processing system and, as a result, on the surface to be treated, it is possible that marks, cracks and chips and similar local defects may appear that reduce the quality of the workpiece and require additional manual finishing operations, and this, in turn, leads to a violation of the geometric shape of the workpiece and the inability to obtain the specified output parameters (sizes) of the finished product.

 This is due to a significant mismatch at each point of contact of the producing tool surface with the machined surface of the actual physical parameters of the cutting process and the associated temperature, power, deformation, and other parameters of the elastic processing system to the a priori specified values of these parameters, which were hardwired into the control program for the removal rate modes stock at the preliminary stage before processing. For example, under real grinding conditions, the cutting grains of the producing tool surface have different heights of the protruding parts from the bundle, and therefore, each cutting grain will perform cutting under different conditions, while the parameters of the allowance removal rate calculated and set by the processing system of the grinding machine cannot take this factor into account in real processing conditions. As a result of this, during the grinding process, random formation of single chips will take place, namely, some grain will form plastically deformed single chips, and some grain will brittle destroy the surface to be treated. In addition, the use of the specified device in the implementation of the specified method does not make it possible to determine whether the actual parameters of the intensity of stock removal allowance to their calculated parameters, as a result of which, after the grinding process is completed, an article is obtained whose geometric dimensions do not correspond to the specified ones. At the same time, it is possible to process only flat surfaces of products.

 The present invention has the task to create such a method and device for grinding products, mainly from superhard and brittle materials, which would allow to process high-precision products of complex shape in the mode of plastic micro grinding without brittle fracture of the processed surface with high quality surfaces of the finished product, essentially corresponding to manual processing, and its guaranteed sizes.

 The problem is solved by the creation of a method of dimensional micro grinding of products, mainly from superhard and brittle materials by means of an elastic processing system of a grinding machine with program control, having a producing tool surface with associated cutting grains, including the introduction into the program of the elastic processing system of the machine of the elastic limit of the system for compression specified dimensions of the finished product, a given height of microroughnesses on the processed surface of the finished product, of the calculated parameters of the intensity of removal of the allowance from the workpiece’s workpiece surface, grinding of the workpiece workpiece surface by complex movement resulting from the rotational movement of the tooling surface, multi-pass reverse longitudinal displacements of the touch points of the workpiece with the tooling surface along the calculated path of the tooling surface and carried out in moment of each reverse mortise feeds normal to the shaping plane to obtain the finished product, in which, according to the invention, cutting grains are formed on the producing tool surface before grinding, the vertices of which protrude from the bundle to the same height, and during grinding, multi-pass reverse longitudinal movements in the shaping plane in each the passage is carried out discretely with a step essentially equal to a given height of microroughnesses on the processed surface of the finished product, with each pass At each indicated point of contact of the work surface with the indicated vertex of each cutting grain of the producing tool surface, the static value and the value of the dynamic components of the cutting force are continuously measured and the value of the static component of the elastic deformation of the processing system and the value of its dynamic component are continuously determined from the results of measurements at each indicated point while in the process of these measurements determine the moment of occurrence of periodically uniform values the dynamic component of the cutting force, corresponding to the moment the machine’s processing system enters the controlled grinding mode, in which at least one of the parameters of the stock removal rate is continuously adjusted so that at each specified point of contact the value of the dynamic component of the elastic deformation of the processing system does not exceed a predetermined height microroughnesses on the processed surface of the finished product, and the sum of the values of the static component and the dynamic component s elastic deformation processing system of the machine does not exceed a predetermined limit of elasticity in compression of the system.

 The proposed method implements a fundamentally new model of the physical mesomechanics of discrete and periodic periodic formation of a multitude of individual plastically deformed chips, with linear dimensions of each of them at a mesoscale level only as a result of accumulated fatigue from reciprocating deformation modes with an external ordered dynamic impact on the treated surface of only pulsed tangent microcentric concentrators stresses.

Moreover, the proposed method allows to implement a model of the physical mesomechanics of plastic deformation of hard-structural and brittle materials and minerals (for example, diamonds) in the process of dimensionally adjustable defect-free microcuts in an elastic technological system, the components of which include:
- ordered dynamic dynamic loading of the elastic processing system both in the space of the machine coordinate system and by a certain sequence of impulse actions on the workpiece surface of the product of shear stress microconcentrators at the points of one-time contact with the corresponding sequence of vertices of the cutting grains on the rotating producing tool surface to ensure local loss of shear stability only in the crystal lattice and the corresponding self-organizing formation according to the scheme "shift plus rotation" of a unitary cellular field on the treated surface in the form of a set of single mesoscale volumes on the area of the macroscale level from each single external impulse effect of the shear stress microconcentrator;
- periodic removal of allowance from the workpiece surface to be processed in the form of simultaneous removal of a plurality of unit plastically deformed chips with a mesoscale level of each such unit chip as a result of the synchronous end of the process of accumulation of fatigue from reciprocating deformation modes at the boundaries of each individual and the entire set of indicated unit mesovolumes in a unitary a mesh field;
- identification of the correspondence of the actual physical model of microcuts with the given model by the presence in the steady-state removal regime of the self-oscillating allowance of a dynamic component of elastic deformations in the technological system with equal vibration amplitudes corresponding to the linear dimensions of the specified plastically deformed single chip and the frequency corresponding to the “life” time of each specified reciprocating moving single mesovolume in the specified unitary cellular field;
- determination of the delay time — the time interval of the transitional processes of cutting in the elastic processing system, as well as the determination of the static component of the elastic deformation of this system;
- clarification of the dimensional adjustment of the elastic processing system, taking into account the static component of its elastic deformation;
- continuous adjustment of the regimes of the intensity of stock removal for stabilization in the elastic processing system of the specified output processing parameters.

 Thus, the implementation of the proposed method allows you to implement a generalized concept of technological diagnostics, formalizing the physical processes and conditions of defect-free microcuts with obtaining prompt, reliable and sufficient for subsequent targeted use of information about the state of all components of the elastic processing system at any current time of the size-controlled micro grinding of hard-structured and brittle materials and minerals (e.g. diamonds) and based on inf Information on the dynamic and static components of elastic deformations in the processing system to ensure stable obtaining of the specified output processing parameters due to the self-adjusting computer control of the regimes of the intensity of stock removal at each touch point of each vertex of the cutting grain of the producing tool surface with the surface being machined.

 Implementation of the proposed method allows to find such areas of the regimes of the intensity of stock removal, to determine and implement in these areas the order of the dosed dynamic effect of each cutting grain of the producing tool surface on the machined surface, which provide a stable periodicity of the process of self-organizing formation, development and removal of plastically deformed mesoscale cellular structure layers level in each such layer by gradual the time of each such period of fatigue accumulation only from the reciprocating modes of plastic deformation at the boundaries of each unit cell in each specified layer with a cellular structure and the end of each specified period by the corresponding instantaneous (impulsive) removal of each specified plastically deformed layer from the machined surface with an area of macroscale level in in the form of many single plastically deformed chips.

 As a result of this, in the implementation of the proposed method, brittle destruction of the processed surface and the occurrence of scratches, cracks, chips and the like defects on it are excluded, which allows to obtain high quality surfaces of the processed product without additional manual operations.

In addition, differential accounting of the dynamic component of the elastic deformation of the processing system allows you to provide a given height of microroughness (R _z ) on the processed surface of the finished product, and taking into account the static component of the elastic deformation allows you to process high-precision products and parts of complex shape in the plastic micro grinding mode with high accuracy of obtaining the specified sizes . At the same time, it becomes possible to track the dynamics of the behavior of the elastic processing system to ensure the stable formation of plastically deformed single chips, taking into account the actual state of the cutting ability of the vertices of the cutting grains of the producing tool surface, which eliminates the possibility of the formation of the above defects on the treated surface in the form of brittle fracture due to any random local exceeding the elastic limit and the corresponding violation of elastic properties tv processing system.

 To accelerate the process of preloading the processing system with the potential energy of its elastic static compression in the direction normal to the shaping plane, the intensity regimes for removing the preliminary part of the allowance to a level identified by the appearance of a uniform and amplitude and frequency of oscillations of the dynamic cutting force, as well as for real-time identification micro-cutting time with the accuracy of the micro-scale level of the intensity parameters of the removal of the main part of the allowance for steady-state size-controlled and defect-free micro-grinding, taking into account the actual characteristics of a particular elastic processing system, including taking into account the physical anisotropic characteristics of the material being processed and the actual state of the cutting ability of the cutting grain tops on the producing tool surface, it is advisable to discretely feed at the moment of each reverse with a step essentially equal to the distance between the atoms of the crystal lattice of the material product, while the depth of the mortise feeds from the passage to the passage to reduce according to the law of decreasing geometric progression.

 To improve the controllability of the dynamic impact on the elastic processing system during multi-pass micro grinding, it is advisable to cut grains, the vertices of which protrude from the bundle to the same height, to form on the producing tool surface by performing radially located protrusions on this surface, the vertices of which lie in one plane coinciding with the shaping plane .

 With single-pass micro grinding, to remove the maximum allowable allowance of the preferably producing tool surface, give the shape of a truncated cone, the smaller base of which is facing the workpiece surface of the workpiece, while the cutting grains, the vertices of which protrude from the bundle to the same height, are formed on the producing tool surface by this surface of radially located protrusions, the vertices of which lie on the generators of the specified cone.

To ensure a given height of microroughnesses (R _z ) on the finished surface, it is favorable to longitudinally move each touch point of the work surface with the producing tool surface along the calculated path of the producing tool surface at a speed that is determined from the relation:
V = R _z
where V is the speed of longitudinal movement of each specified point of contact, μm / s;
R _z - a given height of microroughnesses on the processed surface of the finished product, microns;
f - the number of specified points of contact of the machined surface with the producing tool surface in one second.

где Δ - величина статической составляющей упругой деформации, мкм;
δ - глубина врезной подачи в момент выхода обрабатывающей системы станка на управляемый режим шлифования, мкм;
V - заданная скорость продольного перемещения указанных точек касания, мкм/сек;
T - найденный интервал времени, сек;
L - заданная длина расчетной траектории одного прохода, мкм.It is advisable to determine the value of the static component of the elastic deformation of the processing system by continuously fixing in each pass at each indicated point of contact the work surface with the top of each cutting grain of the producing tool surface of the static component of the cutting force in the direction normal to the shaping plane, continuously determining the law of change in the sum of these components from the passage to the passage, the continuous comparison of this law with a given law changes about pass to pass depth infeeds and of uninterrupted time interval prior to the laws of correspondence, wherein said time interval is proportional to the static component of the machine processing system of elastic deformation by the relation:

where Δ is the value of the static component of elastic deformation, microns;
δ is the depth of the cut-in feed at the time the processing system of the machine reaches the controlled grinding mode, microns;
V is the specified speed of the longitudinal movement of these points of contact, μm / s;
T is the found time interval, sec;
L is the specified length of the calculated trajectory of one passage, μm.

где λ - величина динамической составляющей упругой деформации, мкм;
P_д - величина динамической составляющей силы резания, кгс;
P_с - величина статической составляющей силы резания;
Δ - величина статической составляющей упругой деформации, мкм.It is desirable to determine the value of the dynamic component of elastic deformation from the relation:

where λ is the value of the dynamic component of elastic deformation, microns;
P _d - the value of the dynamic component of the cutting force, kgf;
P _with - the value of the static component of the cutting force;
Δ is the value of the static component of elastic deformation, microns.

где S - шаг дополнительной дискретной врезной подачи, мкм;
Δ - величина статической составляющей упругой деформации, мкм;
T - найденный интервал времени, сек;
f - количество указанных точек касания обрабатываемой поверхности с производящей инструментальной поверхностью в одну секунду.For the purpose of stable control of the removal of the main part of the allowance in the stable regime of defect-free micro grinding of hard-structural materials and minerals with isotropic characteristics at each local point of a one-time meeting of the processed surface with each corresponding vertex of the cutting grain on the calculated trajectory of the producing tool surface, it is favorable in the process of longitudinal movement of the indicated touch points of the processed surface with producing tool surface as per design the trajectories of the producing tool surface in each passage from reverse to reverse, to carry out additional discrete cut-in feeds normal to the shaping plane with a frequency equal to the frequency of exposure of the indicated cutting grains to the surface to be treated, and with a step determined from the relation:

where S is the step of the additional discrete mortise feed, microns;
Δ is the value of the static component of elastic deformation, microns;
T is the found time interval, sec;
f - the number of specified points of contact of the machined surface with the producing tool surface in one second.

 To maintain the cutting ability of the producing tool surface at a level that ensures the creation of a predetermined value of the static component of the elastic deformation of the processing system, it is advisable to adjust the rotation speed of the producing tool surface by increasing this speed as the parameter for the intensity of the stock removal when the machine processing system enters the controlled grinding mode.

 In the event that during the processing of the product an adverse effect of temperature deformations occurs, it is advisable to adjust the intensity parameters when the machining system of the machine enters the controlled grinding mode as parameters of the intensity of removal of the allowance at the same time by adjusting the three intensity parameters by increasing the rotational speed of the producing tool surface and the speed of longitudinal movement of these touch points and reducing the depth of mortise feeds at the moments of reverse.

 Perhaps, as a parameter of the intensity of stock removal when the machine processing system enters into a controlled grinding mode, the longitudinal movement speed of each touch point of the work surface with the producing tool surface is adjusted by increasing this speed as the radius of each touch point relative to the axis of rotation of the producing tool surface increases. This allows you to stabilize the stock removal rate and to ensure the constancy of the value of the static component of elastic deformation in the process of longitudinal movement.

 To eliminate the formation of defects in the surface layer during processing of products made of anisotropic materials, for example, diamond substrates, it is favorable as a parameter of the intensity of removal of allowance when the processing system of the machine enters the controlled grinding mode, the trajectory of movement of each touch point of the machined surface with the producing tool surface producing tool surface.

 When processing products of complex shape from an anisotropic material, it is possible, during the grinding process, to additionally carry out the movement of each touch point of the work surface with the producing tool surface, coordinated in the coordinate axes of the machine processing system, along the generatrix and guide lines of the shape of the workpiece.

 Using the proposed method, it is possible to carry out all the above methods not only for processing one product, but also to grind the workpiece surface of a group of product blanks containing at least two workpieces, while before grinding into the program of the elastic processing system of the machine, the system elasticity limits corresponding to each workpiece blank. Thus, the proposed method can significantly increase productivity due to group processing of many products regardless of the complexity of their shape and taking into account the individual properties of the material of each product with minimizing their weight loss.

 It is advisable to use at least one additional producing tool surface during the grinding process, which is performed similarly to the first producing tool surface, and grinding is performed sequentially by each producing tool surface. This allows with high accuracy in the absence of defects in the surface layer to carry out group processing of complex products such as jewelry insert and other, for example, medical, products from anisotropic hard-structural and brittle materials and minerals (diamonds) under the conditions of combining preliminary and final cutting operations with a stable aesthetic the quality of each individual product.

 Thus, the proposed method stably provides ultra-precise and ultra-high-quality processing of complex specialized science-intensive products from the most difficult to process materials and minerals (diamonds), and, thereby, allows us to solve the main problem of creating the appropriate device for micro grinding of such products, which will allow to process high-precision products and parts of complex shape in the mode of size-adjustable plastic micro grinding without brittle fracture and other defects on the finally processed surfaces with obtaining high quality and optical characteristics of the surfaces of the products with guaranteed super-precision dimensional accuracy of a given shape.

This achieves:
- the complete elimination of microcracks and other defects with obtaining optical classes of cleanliness of the treated surfaces;
- high quality and dimensional stability of processing of optical surfaces on products of complex shape with minimization of weight loss, regardless of the skill level of the operator;
- reducing the proportion of surfaces subjected to brittle fracture during micro grinding to 3%;
- increased processing intensity compared to polishing and grinding.

 The problem is also solved by creating a device for micro grinding products mainly from superhard and brittle materials, containing a grinding machine, the elastic processing system of which includes a fixture mounted on the bed for fastening a cutting tool having a producing tool surface with associated cutting grains, and placed under this device a support on which a table is mounted with a device for attaching workpieces, while devices has a drive for longitudinal movement of the table in the shaping plane along the coordinate axis X of the machine, a drive for longitudinal movement of the support with the table in the plane of shaping along the coordinate axis Y of the machine, a drive for moving the support with the table along the coordinate axis Z of the machine normal to the plane of shaping, a drive for rotating the attachment cutting tool and means of numerical program control, the control outputs of which are electrically connected to the respective mentioned drives rotation features for fastening the cutting tool and moving the table with a device for fastening the workpieces along the coordinate axes X, Y and Z of the machine, while according to the invention the producing tool surface of the cutting tool has cutting grains whose vertices protrude from the bundle to the same height, and each of the drives longitudinal movement of the table with a device for fastening the workpieces in the plane of shaping along the coordinate axes X and Y of the machine is a drive of total anism containing a cycloidal gear planetary gear reducer with two input links connected respectively to two drive motors, the device is additionally equipped with an operational control system having an electrical circuit containing a piezoelectric force transducer connected in series located under the workpiece in a fixture for mounting it and transforming the component of the cutting force at each point of contact of the workpiece with each cutting grain bringing the instrumental surface into an electric current voltage, a normalizing voltage amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the corresponding input of the numerical control means, which is made on the basis of a computer and connected to it through a communication interface of a multi-channel linear microinterpolator with buffer memory, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the indicated table displacement drives with the attachment device of the products along the coordinate axes X, Y and Z of the machine, in addition, this system contains a pulse shaper that carries information about the periodic change in the values of the static and dynamic components of the cutting force, the input of which is connected to the output of the normalizing amplifier, and a frequency meter for the dynamic component of the cutting force, the input of which is connected to the output of the pulse shaper, and its output is connected to the corresponding input of the computer, while the device is equipped with a digital-to-analog converter, the input of which is is connected to a corresponding control output of the computer, and the output of the converter is connected to the control input of the rotational drive means for mounting the cutting tool.

 This constructive implementation allows you to continuously monitor the processing process in real time and to influence this process by changing the modes of the stock removal rate so that the process always runs in the mode of dimensionally adjustable plastic micro grinding, which is based on the principle of continuity of periodic changes in the potential compression energy in elastic processing system as a result of periodic discrete portions of layer-by-layer stock removal in the form of a multitude of cing plastically deformed chips. At the same time, by targeted change in the intensity of stock removal, stable control is achieved both by dimensional adjustment of the processing system of the machine at each moment of processing time by changing the static component of the elastic deformation in the processing system (determining the size of the surface shape of the workpiece), and by regulating the periodically changing dynamic component of its elastic deformation ( determining the height of microroughnesses on the treated surface) in the process CCA in the field of plastic microcuts.

In addition, the proposed device allows you to continuously identify the area of defect-free stock removal at each point of contact by continuously real-time processing by continuously determining by the computing operations the physical parameter of the micro grinding process in the form of the value of the time interval of transients in the elastic processing system of the machine, which integrally displays the state of its elastic characteristics. The continuous existence of the indicated time interval, which characterizes the dynamics of the change in the potential energy of compression of the elastic processing system in the form of the product of the time of each one period of the dynamic component and the ratio between the static and dynamic components of the amplitude of its elastic deformations, objectively identifies the presence of a defect-free size-controlled micro grinding process. And this, in turn, allows us to continuously diagnose and actively manage this process technologically by changing the rates of removal rate so that the total amount of elastic deformation does not exceed the limit of its elasticity, and the value of its dynamic component corresponds to the specified output parameters of the microroughness height R _z on the surface finished product. In this case, the execution of linear and rotational displacement actuators with a resolution threshold (discreteness) comparable with a given microroughness height R _{z is} finally (in size) of the machined surface, in combination with performing a given number of cutting grains on the producing tool surface, the vertices of which lie at the same level, allow to exclude randomness (randomness) in controlling the dynamics of loading of the elastic processing system because each cutting grain will carry out a microcar The action on the treated surface in the given conditions. In this regard, the parameters of the intensity of stock removal calculated and set by the processing system of the grinding machine will correspond to each other under real processing conditions. This makes it possible to stabilize the stock removal process with periodic precisely dosed [layered] removal of a plurality of single plastically deformed shavings and to ensure, with superprecision accuracy, the specified geometric shape of the workpiece with the given dimensions and high surface quality with optical characteristics, which will eliminate the risks introduced by the micro grinding process, cracks, chips and similar defects, and this eliminates the need for additional finishing s (manual) operations.

 It is desirable that the device has at least one additional cutting tool, the producing tool surface of which is made similar to the producing tool surface of said first cutting tool, while the cutting tools are mounted in the device for their attachment with the possibility of rotation about the axis C, parallel to the axis Z of the machine.

 It is advisable that the vertices of the cutting grains of each producing tool surface protruding from the bundle to the same height are separate points located along the lines radially located on the producing tool surface of the cutting tool, which are the vertices of the radial protrusions made on the producing tool surface of the cutting tool, while the peaks of the protrusions lie in one plane coinciding with the plane of shaping. Such a constructive solution allows you to create a given microrelief of the producing tool surface and create cavities between the cutting grains in which the removed chips can be placed without compromising the quality of the processed surface.

 It is favorable that the producing tool surface of each cutting tool has the shape of a truncated cone, facing its smaller base towards the workpiece, and the tops of the cutting grains protruding from the bundle to the same height are individual points placed along radially located on the producing tool surface of the cutting tool lines that are the vertices of the radial protrusions made on the producing tool surface of the cutting tool and, wherein the peaks of the projections lie on the lateral surface of said truncated cone. In this case, it becomes possible to remove the allowance corresponding to the conicity of the producing tool surface in one pass plastic cutting mode, which will significantly speed up the processing process.

 It is possible that the device for fastening the workpieces had means for fastening the group of workpieces containing at least two products, while the operational control system has at least two electric circuits, each of which contains a piezoelectric force transducer connected in series, located under the corresponding workpiece a product, a normalizing voltage amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected to the corresponding input of the computer.

 With simultaneous flat grinding of at least two articles of anisotropic material (for example, diamond), it is advisable that the operational control system is additionally equipped with a multi-channel digital signal recorder connected via a communication interface to the computer, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the corresponding analog-to-digital converters of each indicated electrical chain control system.

 To control the dimensional adjustment of the elastic processing system during the processing of each of the simultaneously processed products, it is advisable that the multi-channel digital signal recorder contains random-access memory devices, the number of which corresponds to the number of processed products and whose inputs are inputs of a multi-channel digital recorder, a pulse generator and a pulse counter connected in series, the control inputs of which are connected to the control unit, when The outputs of the control unit, the pulse counter and each random access memory are the outputs of a multi-channel digital recorder.

 When processing complex-shaped products of volumetric shape from an anisotropic material (for example, diamond), it is desirable that the device additionally contains a drive for turning the device for fastening the workpiece around axis A parallel to the coordinate axis X of the machine, and a drive for rotating this device around axis B, intersecting at right angles coordinate axis A of the machine, the electrical inputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the multi-channel linear microinterpolator.

 For defect-free, dimensionally-adjustable plastic micro grinding of high-precision multi-faceted shapes of complex products from solid-structure anisotropic materials (for example, diamonds), it is desirable to supplement the device with a multi-channel digital piezoelectric drive connected to a computer via a communication interface to a discrete mortise feed of processed products along the machine coordinate axis Z, the number of channels of which corresponds to the number processed products, and corresponding to the number of channels of this drive serial-connected digital-to-analog converters and normalizing amplifiers, while the control output channels of this drive are connected to the inputs of the corresponding digital-analog converters, and the outputs of the normalizing amplifiers are connected to the corresponding power inputs of the corresponding piezoelectric sensors of each mentioned circuit.

 To ensure the functioning of the elastic processing system when processing at least two faces of multifaceted jewelry from solid structural anisotropic materials (for example, diamonds), it is favorable that the multichannel digital piezoelectric drive contains random access memory devices, the number of which corresponds to the number of processed products and whose inputs are inputs of a multichannel a digital piezoelectric actuator, a serially connected generator and pulses and pulses counter, whose control inputs are connected to the control unit, wherein the control unit outputs, pulse counter and each RAM circuit are the outputs of the multichannel digital piezoelectric drive.

 The problem is also solved by the creation of devices for fastening processed products,  containing the housing  mounted on the table of the grinding machine with the possibility of rotation around axis A,  parallel to the coordinate axis X of the machine,  placed in the housing at least one spindle for mounting the workpiece,  having a gear ring and a rotation drive of at least one spindle by means of a ring gear about an axis B,  crossing the coordinate axis A of the machine at right angles,  wherein,  according to the invention  rotation drive contains two hollow screws,  mounted parallel and diametrically opposed to the ring gear of at least one spindle with the possibility of their interconnected rotation,  at the same time, in each screw transverse slots weakening axial stiffness are made,  and each end of each screw is fixed in an angular contact rolling bearing with elastic compression deformation in the axial direction of one screw and with elastic tensile deformation in the axial direction of the other screw.

 This makes it possible to increase the accuracy and stability of the quality of defect-free, including group, processing of complex-shaped products of volumetric form from hard-structural materials with anisotropic mechanical characteristics of materials (for example, diamonds).

 It is possible that in each screw the transverse slots were made in groups and the groups of slots of one screw are staggered relative to the groups of slots of the second screw.

 To ensure high quality and accuracy of processing, including during batch processing, it is advisable to provide a device for micro grinding of products, mainly from superhard and brittle materials, with the above-mentioned device for fastening processed products.

 To ensure stable recording of vibrations of the dynamic component of the cutting power parameters in the direction coaxial to the coordinate axis B of the machine, it is advisable that the table of the machine have axial-mounted devices for adjusting the position of the corresponding piezoelectric sensor, placed coaxially with the corresponding spindle of the device for fastening the processed products, while the device to adjust the position of the corresponding piezoelectric sensor contains NT, at the end of which this sensor is fixed with a nut made in the form of a cap, the outer end surface of which is in contact with the end surface of the corresponding spindle facing it.

 In order to increase the rigidity of the elastic processing system along the coordinate axis B of the machine in a different spindle position angular with respect to the coordinate axis B, it is advantageous that a recess is made in the device body for fastening the workpieces under each spindle and a cap of the corresponding device for adjusting the position of the corresponding piezoelectric sensor is placed in this recess while the end surface of each spindle in contact with the outer end surface of the cap , Is spherical.

Thus, due to the focused design of the components of the elastic processing system, including due to:
- design of the machine according to the type of "processing center" with increased rigidity of the supporting mechanical system and a stable position of each of at least two replaceable producing surfaces of cutting tools with respect to the horizontal shaping plane adopted as the reference point in the dimensional setting of the machine, providing the possibility of increasing technological capabilities with additional functions and concentration of operations for execution in a single resolution of the full technological route in accordance with a control program (measurement and certification of each "workpiece", shaping of the "final" product, measurement and certification of each finished product, elimination of individual internal defects of each individual product) without removing the processed products from the machine;
- a design of a turret type device for installing and securing at least two cutting tools, which makes it possible to create, with respect to the forming plane, as well as periodically restore a given regular ("wave") shape of the cutting microrelief of the producing tool surface with associated cutting grains separately on each tool without removing them from the machine;
- the design of the mechanism of discrete cut-in feeds of the mesoscale level of the processed products to the producing tool surface normal to the shaping plane, providing a resolution threshold at the micro-scale level, commensurate with the distance between atoms in the crystal lattice of the processed material;
- designs of high-torque and high-precision micromechanical drives of coordinate angular and linear displacements of the machine's executive bodies in an extended range of feed speeds with a resolution threshold of mesoscale level commensurate with a given value of microroughnesses R _z on the finally ("in size") machined surface, which provides the possibility of a stable contour-controllable motion mode as a function of direct counting of each pulse action of each given cutting grain of a rotating producing tool mental surface for each respectively given longitudinally movable point on the workpiece surface;
- the design of a removable multi-seat (type "cassette") device for fastening the processed products, providing a constant "locking" moment and a backlash-free drive of rotation of each separately fixed processed product with a resolution threshold of the mesoscale level;
- the design of a combined multichannel piezoelectric system that provides the functions of a multichannel highly sensitive measuring system of autonomous elastic deformations in the processing system of each individual at least two processed products at the same time, and also provides the functions of a high-speed multichannel digital piezoelectric drive with nanometric resolution to provide autonomous cut-in feeds micro-scale level each th separate from the at least two workpieces simultaneously by using the same piezoelectric elements in both of said multi-channel systems;
- design features of the proposed device provide the implementation of computer control technology for the processing process using a new model of physical mesomechanics of discrete plastic microsizing based on current information about elastic deformations in the processing system. This makes it possible for the first time to carry out automatic machine group processing of high-precision complex-shaped products from hard-structural and anisotropic materials (for example, diamonds) in an elastic processing system on a CNC machine and at the same time continuously carry out technological diagnostics of defect-free size-controlled micro grinding with minimization of weight loss autonomously in each individual simultaneously processing several products and obtaining optical characteristics of surface cleanliness on these and deliyah.

 The proposed method is as follows.

 The proposed method for dimensional micro grinding of products, mainly from superhard and brittle materials, is carried out by means of an elastic processing system of a programmed grinding machine with a producing tool surface with associated cutting grains.

 The method includes introducing into the program of the elastic processing system of the machine the limit of system elasticity for compression, the specified dimensions of the finished product, the specified height of the microroughness on the processed surface of the finished product, the calculated parameters of the intensity of stock removal from the processed surface of the workpiece.

 Then, the machined surface of the workpiece is ground by complex motion resulting from the rotational movement of the producing tool surface, multi-pass reverse longitudinal displacements of the touch points of the work surface with the producing tool surface along the calculated path of the producing tool surface and the cut-in feeds carried out at the time of each reverse along the normal to the shaping plane before receiving the finished product.

Before grinding, cutting grains are formed on the producing tool surface, the vertices of which protrude from the bundle to the same height, and in the process of grinding, multi-pass reverse longitudinal displacements in the shaping plane in each pass are performed discretely with a step essentially equal to the specified microroughness height on the processed surface of the finished product. Moreover, in each pass at each specified point of contact of the work surface with the indicated vertex of each cutting grain of the producing tool surface, the static value and the value of the dynamic components of the cutting force are continuously measured and the value of the static component of the elastic deformation of the processing system and the value its dynamic component, while in the process of these measurements determine the moment of occurrence of periodic ki uniform value of the dynamic component of the cutting force, which corresponds to the output processing machine system driven
grinding mode, in which at least one of the parameters for the intensity of stock removal is continuously adjusted so that at each specified point of contact the magnitude of the dynamic component of the elastic deformation of the processing system does not exceed the specified height of the microroughness on the treated surface of the finished product, and the sum of the values of the static component and dynamic component of the elastic deformation of the processing system of the machine did not exceed the specified limit of elasticity for compression of this system.

 Before grinding, the elastic processing system of the machine with programmed control is dimensionally adjusted. To do this, set all its basing bodies of both processing tools and processed products, and adjust the mechanisms of executive movements of these organs relative to each other in such a way as to theoretically obtain a product with specified dimensions. Theoretically calculate the parameters of the intensity of removal of the allowance from the machined surfaces of the workpiece, taking into account the nature and internal structure of the material of the workpiece, the material of the processing tool and the geometry of its cutting grains, the dynamic and static stiffness of the elastic processing system and the resolution of the drive drives for the movement of the Executive bodies of the machine for the removal of allowance from the workpiece in a dimensionally adjustable mode of plastic deformation.

 Introduce into the controls of the grinding machine the elastic limit of the system to compression, the specified dimensions of the finished product, the specified height of the microroughness on the treated surface of the finished product, the calculated parameters of the intensity of removal of stock from the processed surface of the workpiece. These intensity parameters include, for example, the speed of rotation of the grinding wheel, the speed of the longitudinal movement of the point of contact of each cutting grain of the producing tool surface with the surface being machined along the path of the producing tool surface in the shaping plane, the depth of the discrete mortise feeds for removing the allowance in each pass at the time of reverse the specified longitudinal displacements, the number of passes and the location of the trajectory of these displacements and other pa ametry necessary to implement mikroshlifovaniya process.

 The indicated intensity parameters are calculated according to the recommendations and conclusions of technological studies of the grinding machine, which we adopted as a prototype, and which are published in the thesis of Silchenko OB "Development of a method and equipment requirements for defect-free (plastic) dimensional cutting of brittle materials" (Abstract of dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences, Moscow, ENIMS, 1995).

 According to the proposed method, micro grinding can be carried out by means of at least one cutting tool producing surface (grinding wheel). That is, micro grinding can be carried out sequentially by one, two, three and so on producing tool surfaces.

 Consider an example where micro grinding is carried out sequentially by two grinding wheels.

 Before grinding begins, a producing tool surface with a given number of cutting grains, the vertices of which protrude from the bunch to the same height, that is, are at the same level, is created on each of the two grinding wheels. Moreover, on the grinding wheel, which is designed to remove the semi-finished and final parts of the allowance, for example, with bakelite and polyurethane ligaments, with graphite filler and grain size of 10 and 25 μm, respectively, a predetermined number of cutting grains is created by forming radially located protrusions on the producing tool surface the vertices of which lie in one plane coinciding with the plane of shaping. For a grinding wheel, which is designed to remove the rough part of the allowance, for example, with a ceramic bond and grit from 5 to 7 μm, the producing tool surface is shaped like a truncated cone, the smaller base of which is facing the surface to be machined, and the tops of the cutting grains on it are created by the formation of radially located protrusions, the vertices of which lie on the generators of the specified cone. The number of such protrusions is chosen the same for all grinding wheels. The largest number of such protrusions (m) is selected from the condition that the number of such protrusions should not exceed the number of single cutting grains with a specific grain size (b) located on the periphery of the producing tool surface designed to remove the finishing part of the allowance.

Each of the two grinding wheels has the same inner and outer diameters (D ₁ and D ₂ ) of the producing tool surface. The producing tool surfaces of each grinding wheel are positioned at the same level with respect to the shaping plane (combined with the shaping plane), which coincides with the reference point (reference base) in the dimensional setting of the elastic processing system of the grinding machine along the machine coordinate axis Z.

 On the producing tool surface of each grinding wheel, a calculated linear trajectory is set in the form of a sequence of vertices of individual cutting grains lying at the intersection of this linear trajectory with the indicated protrusions of the producing tool surface, on which each specified cutting grain is pulsed once with a corresponding locally specified point on the surface to be machined products.

 A sequence of one-time impulse meetings with the corresponding sequence of individual cutting grains on the specified calculated linear path of the producing tool surface is set on the surface to be treated with individual local points and the spatial path corresponding to each grinding wheel is determined in the three-dimensional coordinate system of the machine as a sequence of individual points.

 The longitudinal velocity V of consecutive one-time impulse meetings of each indicated local point is set from the sequence of such points on the surface to be machined with each corresponding vertex of the cutting grain from the sequence of such vertices on the specified calculated path of the producing tool surface depending on the rotation speed of the producing tool surface (n, rev / min).

 In the implementation of the proposed method simultaneously with one grinding wheel can be processed as a single workpiece product, and a group of product blanks.

вдоль координатной оси X станка равнялась длине хорды, определяемой из выражения:

Осуществляют шлифование обрабатываемой поверхности каждого изделия путем сложного движения, являющегося результатом вращательного движения производящей инструментальной поверхности со скоростью n оборотов в минуту, многократных реверсивных продольных перемещений точки касания обрабатываемой поверхности с производящей инструментальной поверхностью по расчетной траектории производящей инструментальной поверхности и осуществляемых в момент реверса врезных подач по нормали к плоскости формообразования до получения готового изделия с заданными размерами и с заданной высотой микронеровностей R_z на обработанной поверхности готового изделия.Consider the option when under the producing tool surface of each grinding wheel set for the simultaneous processing of k products. At the same time, they must be installed in such a way that, when moving along the coordinate axis X of the machine with a step L _{x, y,} none of the simultaneously processed products comes out from under the producing tool surface of the corresponding grinding wheel. The length Li (x, y) of each specified spatial path of each i-th workpiece is chosen from the condition that the sum of the length of the projections onto the plane of formation of these paths

along the coordinate axis X of the machine was equal to the length of the chord, determined from the expression:

Grinding the machined surface of each product by complex movement resulting from the rotational movement of the producing tool surface at a speed of n revolutions per minute, multiple reverse longitudinal movements of the point of contact of the machined surface with the producing tool surface along the calculated path of the producing tool surface and the cutting feeds carried out at the time of reverse normals to the plane of shaping to obtain the finished product a line with a given size and a given height of microroughnesses R _z on the machined surface of the finished product.

 Moreover, in the grinding process, multi-pass reverse longitudinal displacements in the shaping plane in each pass are carried out discretely with a step essentially equal to a given height of microroughnesses on the processed surface of the finished product, while in each pass at each specified touch point of the processed surface with the indicated vertex of each cutting grain producing tool surface continuously measure the value of static and the value of the dynamic components of the cutting force and the result there, measurements at each indicated point continuously determine the value of the static component of the elastic deformation of the processing system and the value of its dynamic component, while in the course of these measurements, the moment of occurrence of a periodically uniform value of the dynamic component of the cutting force corresponding to the moment the processing system of the machine reaches the controlled grinding mode is determined, at which continuously carry out the adjustment of at least one of the parameters of the intensity of the removal of stock m so that at each specified point of contact, the value of the dynamic component of the elastic deformation of the processing system does not exceed the specified height of the microroughness on the machined surface of the finished product, and the sum of the values of the static component and the dynamic component of the elastic deformation of the processing system of the machine does not exceed the specified compression limit of this system.

 The compression limit of the processing system of a machine is understood to mean the magnitude of the local over-excited state of the workpiece surface at which shear stability is lost at the mesoscale level of its plastic deformation. The elastic limit in the processing system for compression is essentially equal to the ultimate deforming stress, above which there is a prefracture region with local loss of shear stability of the processed crystal as a whole (see "Theory of Physical Mesomechanics of Materials". Physics Journal, Izvestiya VUZov, N 1, 1998, p. 7-34).

Combine the process of identifying the parameters of the actual model of physical mesomechanics of defect-free (plastic) size-controlled micro grinding with the accelerated process of pre-loading the processing system with the potential energy of its elastic static compression. In this regard, a longitudinal feed path is assigned in the shaping plane, provided that the path of the sequence of local points on the machined surface of one-time meetings with the corresponding cutting grains on the calculated path of the rotating producing tool surface is a straight line parallel to the machine axis X of length L _x with the distance between the individual local points on the surface to be treated, equal to a given value of microroughnesses R _z on the finally machined surface.

Assign a linear longitudinal feed rate V _x equal to the product R _z by the frequency f of one-time encounters of local points of the workpiece with the corresponding cutting grains on the calculated path of the producing tool surface from the expression:
V _x = R _z · f (μm per second), where f = (m · n) / 60 (units per second).

Назначают суммарную величину H_z (мкм) снимаемого припуска в направлении нормали к плоскости формообразования и назначают знаменатель q_o убывающей геометрической прогрессии снижения дискретной врезной макроподачи от одного продольного прохода к другому из выражения:

Осуществляют ускоренное предварительное нагружение упругой обрабатывающей системы изменением по закону убывающей геометрической прогрессии входных параметров интенсивности съема припуска путем соответствующего изменения дискретной врезной подачи [δ_o·q $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(}}{\text{o}}$ ^i-1)] на глубину резания в каждой из конечных точек длины L_x траектории каждого i-го продольного прохода со скоростью V_x в плоскости формообразования. При этом уменьшение по закону убывающей геометрической прогрессии врезных подач от прохода к проходу в момент реверса направления продольного перемещения осуществляют дискретно с шагом, по существу равным расстоянию между атомами кристаллической решетки материала обрабатываемого изделия.Assign from literary sources the initial mortise feed rate Vz (μm per second) and recalculate it to the initial value of the discrete mortise feed δ _o (μm) in the direction normal to the plane of shaping from the expression:

Assign the total value of H _z (μm) of the removed allowance in the direction normal to the plane of formation and assign the denominator q _{o the} decreasing geometric progression of the reduction of the discrete mortise macro feed from one longitudinal passage to another from the expression:

An accelerated preloading of the elastic processing system is carried out by changing, according to the law of decreasing geometric progression, the input parameters of the stock removal rate by correspondingly changing the discrete mortise feed [δ _o · q $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(}}{\text{o}}$ ^i-1) ] to the depth of cut at each of the end points of the length L _{x of the} trajectory of each i-th longitudinal passage with speed V _x in the plane of shaping. Moreover, the reduction according to the law of decreasing geometric progression of the mortise feeds from the passage to the passage at the time of reverse of the direction of longitudinal movement is carried out discretely with a step substantially equal to the distance between the atoms of the crystal lattice of the material of the workpiece.

In the process of longitudinal movement at each j-th contact point of each given local point of the machined surface with the corresponding vertex of each given cutting grain on the calculated trajectory of the rotating producing tool surface, static P _cj and dynamic P _dj components of the cutting force are _controlled in the direction normal to the shaping plane and are _controlled to N-th longitudinal trajectory along the passage length L _x first fact oscillations of the dynamic component of the cutting force on the first of k odnov TERM workpieces with frequency f _n1, vibration amplitude at P _d1 static component of the cutting force P _c1.

 This fact identifies the presence of the moment when the processing system of the machine reaches the controlled grinding mode, i.e., the steady state process in the elastic processing system with the equality between the input and output parameters of the stock removal rate. The presence of this fact indicates that the total value of the static component and the dynamic component of the elastic deformations does not exceed the elastic limit in the processing system. This circumstance confirms that the actual deforming stresses during processing are below a threshold value that separates the prefracture region with a local loss of shear stability of the processed crystal, as a whole, from the region in which the proposed model of physical mesomechanics of plastic deformation of a solid body is realized, and in which place gradual synchronous accumulation of fatigue to alternating reciprocating modes of plastic deformation with simultaneous loss dvigovoy stability at the time of the simultaneous removal of each and all the plurality of unit plastically deformed chips with the treated solid surface under the influence of gradual ordered dynamic impact from external pulse microconcentrator tangential stresses, each of which causes only local shear stability loss in the crystal lattice.

 In real-time processing by computer calculation, the actual parameters of the static and dynamic components of the elastic deformation in the processing system, which correspond to the established regime of micro grinding, are identified.

где Δ_n1 - величина статической составляющей упругой деформации, мкм;
δ_n - глубина врезной подачи в момент выхода обрабатывающей системы станка на управляемый режим шлифования, мкм;
V_x - заданная скорость продольного перемещения указанных точек касания, мкм/сек;
T1 - найденный интервал времени, сек;
L_x - заданная длина расчетной траектории одного прохода, мкм.The value of the static component of the elastic deformation of the processing system is determined by continuously fixing at each pass at each touch point of a given cutting grain of the producing tool surface with each given local point on the surface to be machined, the values of the static component of the cutting force in the normal direction to the shaping plane and continuously determining the law of change the amounts of these components from passage to passage, continuous comparison of this law with aschetnym law of variation of depth infeeds (removably intensity allowance) from pass to pass and of uninterrupted time interval T prior to the laws of correspondence (slot transition cutting processes), which is proportional to the static component of Δ _n1 elastic deformation processing system according to the relation:

where Δ _n1 is the value of the static component of elastic deformation, microns;
δ _n is the depth of the cut-in feed at the time the processing system of the machine enters the controlled grinding mode, microns;
V _x - the specified speed of the longitudinal movement of the indicated points of contact, μm / s;
T1 is the found time interval, sec;
L _x - a given length of the calculated trajectory of one passage, microns.

Глубину врезной подачи δ_n1 в момент соответствия фактического закона изменения съема припуска заданному закону определяют компьютерными вычислениями из уравнения:
δ_n1= δ_o q $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(}}{\text{o}}$ ^n-1)
Величину динамической составляющей упругой деформации λ_n1 в обрабатывающей системе определяют компьютерным вычислением из уравнения:

где λ - величина динамической составляющей упругой деформации, мкм;
P_д - величина динамической составляющей силы резания, кгс;
P_с - величина статической составляющей силы резания, 30 кгс;
Δ - величина статической составляющей упругой деформации, мкм.Moreover, the specified time interval T1, which characterizes the time constant of the transients of cutting in an elastic processing system, is determined by computer calculations from the equation:

The depth of the mortise feed δ _n1 at the moment of correspondence of the actual law of the stock removal allowance with the given law is determined by computer calculations from the equation
δ _n1 = δ _o q $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{(}}{\text{o}}$ ^n-1)
The value of the dynamic component of elastic deformation λ _n1 in the processing system is determined by computer calculation from the equation:

where λ is the value of the dynamic component of elastic deformation, microns;
P _d - the value of the dynamic component of the cutting force, kgf;
P _with - the value of the static component of the cutting force, 30 kgf;
Δ is the value of the static component of elastic deformation, microns.

Количество знакопеременных возвратно-поворотных мод деформаций W_n1 при синхронном образовании каждой отдельной в множестве единичных пластически деформированных стружек с линейными размерами λ_n каждой из них и при образовании соответствующей диссипативной структуры в приповерхностном слое в результате одновременного удаления всего множества таких стружек с обрабатываемой поверхности определяют компьютерным вычислением из уравнения:

Часть длины L_x линейной траектории на участке соответствия фактического закона изменения интенсивности съема припуска расчетному закону устанавливают в виде суммы целого числа дискретных минимальных шагов L'_x1, на каждом из которых упругая деформация в обрабатывающей системе изменяется в виде единичного импульса с амплитудой автоколебаний с частотой ЯN1, равной амплитуде динамической составляющей. При этом величину дискретного минимального шага L'_x определяют компьютерным вычислением из уравнения:

Величину шага S_i дополнительной дискретной врезной подачи по нормали к плоскости формообразования с частотой, равной частоте воздействия заданных вершин режущих зерен на заданные локальные точки обрабатываемой поверхности, определяют компьютерным вычислением из уравнения:

С учетом вычисленных значений корректируют параметры продолжения съема припуска со всех, включая первое (наиболее "мягкое"), из одновременно обрабатываемых изделий со снижением в моменты реверса величин дискретных врезных подач по тому же закону убывающей геометрической прогрессии и фиксируют второй факт автоколебаний динамической составляющей силы резания на втором (несколько более твердом, чем в первом из k одновременно обрабатываемых изделий) на M-ом продольном проходе длиной L_x2, с частотой f_n2, амплитудой автоколебаний P_д2, при величине статической составляющей силы резания P_с2. Затем осуществляют определение (идентификацию) аналогичных параметров съема припуска компьютерными вычислениями из соответствующих вышеуказанных уравнений для второго из k одновременно обрабатываемых изделий.The value of the removed allowance H _n1 normal to the plane of formation for N-oe the number of longitudinal passes is determined by computer calculation from the equation:

The number of alternating reverse-rotational deformation modes W _n1 with the simultaneous formation of each individual in the set of individual plastically deformed chips with linear dimensions λ _{n of} each of them and with the formation of the corresponding dissipative structure in the surface layer as a result of the simultaneous removal of the entire set of such chips from the surface being processed is determined by computer calculation from the equation:

Part of the length L _{x of the} linear path in the correspondence section of the actual law of changing the intensity of stock removal to the calculated law is set as the sum of an integer number of discrete minimum steps L ' _x1 , at each of which the elastic deformation in the processing system changes as a unit pulse with self-oscillation amplitude with a frequency of ЯN1 equal to the amplitude of the dynamic component. The value of the discrete minimum step L ' _x is determined by computer calculation from the equation:

The value of step S _i additional discrete mortise feed normal to the plane of shaping with a frequency equal to the frequency of exposure of the given vertices of the cutting grains to the specified local points of the processed surface, is determined by computer calculation from the equation:

Taking into account the calculated values, the parameters for continuing stock removal are corrected from all, including the first (most “soft”), from simultaneously processed products with a decrease in the values of discrete mortise feeds according to the same law of decreasing geometric progression and fix the second fact of self-oscillations of the dynamic component of the cutting force the second (somewhat more solid than in the first of k simultaneously processed articles) on the M-th pass of the longitudinal length L _x2, with a frequency f _n2, the amplitude of oscillations P _q2, when conducted ine static component of the cutting force P _c2. Then, the determination (identification) of similar parameters for stock removal is carried out by computer calculations from the corresponding above equations for the second of k simultaneously processed products.

 And so on, they repeat the above steps for all the rest of k simultaneously processed products and complete the identification of these parameters when processing the final k-th, that is, the hardest of k simultaneously processed products.

The well-known universal tools measure the actual height of the microroughness R _z on the surfaces of each individual of k simultaneously processed products at the end of the preliminary accelerated loading of the elastic processing system, without removing the processed products from the grinding machine.

According to the results of comparison, when the actual output quality indicators of processing deviate from the given requirements (by the height of microroughnesses R _z and by dimensional accuracy), computer calculations determine the adjusted values as parameters characterizing the state of elasticity of the processing system corresponding to each individual j-th of k simultaneously processed products in a time constant T _j transitional cutting processes and the corresponding magnitude of dynamic loading and dimensional parameters setting the processing system for each workpiece. These parameters are used in the process of removing the main part of the allowance from each individual of k simultaneously processed products in steady dimensionally controlled conditions of micro grinding.

где R_zj - откорректированная величина шага (дискреты) линейного перемещения в плоскости формообразования со скоростью продольной подачи, мкм.For each j-th of k simultaneously processed products, computer calculations determine the size of the area A _{j of the} synchronous development of plastic deformation on the treated surface in the form of a gradual self-organizing formation of a unitary cellular structure (with linear dimensions of the mesoscale level of each cell within a given micro-roughness height R _z ) only because accumulation of fatigue to the reciprocating deformation modes of these cells relative to each other with the simultaneous loss of shear stability in the crystal lattice at the boundaries between the set of such cells on the specified area A _{j of the} macroscale level, as a result of the ordered in time and space of each external impulse action at the microscale level of each given cutting grain of the calculated trajectory of the rotating producing tool surface to each given local point of the processed surface from corresponding equation:
A _j = W _j · R _z ²
The configuration of the boundary of the specified area A _j with specific dimensions (for example, in the form of a circle) is set, and the diameter d _Aj for each j-th of k simultaneously processed products from the corresponding equation is determined by computer calculations:

where R _zj is the corrected step size (discrete) of linear displacement in the plane of shaping with a longitudinal feed rate, microns.

каждого такого единичного i-го хода и числом таких единичных ходов, равным суммарному количеству возвратно-поворотных мод деформации W_j за все время "жизни" ячеек в соответствующем унитарном ячеистом поле.The coordinates of the sequence of local points covering the entire specified area A _{j of} the surface to be machined with the indicated cells with dimensions R ' _{z of} each j-th of k simultaneously processed products are set in the shaping plane, for example, according to the rule "move a chess knight" with a length

each such unit i-th move and the number of such unit moves equal to the total number of reciprocal-rotational deformation modes W _j for the entire time of the "life" of the cells in the corresponding unitary cellular field.

For each j-th of k simultaneously processed products, the calculated trajectory of the individual vertices of the cutting grains on the producing tool surface is set, for example, in the form of the corresponding j-th Archimedes spiral so that the number of intersection points of each such spiral with the radial protrusions of the producing tool surface is numerically equal to the number of reciprocal-rotational deformation modes W _j for the entire time of the "life" of cells in the specified mesh field of the treated surface, respectively, of the j-th processed o products with radial displacement e _j between the first and final indicated intersection points of each j-th such spiral numerically equal to d _Aj , that is, e _j = d _Aj .

где V_ij - шаг дополнительного дискретного перемещения по нормали к плоскости формообразования в i-ой точке j-ой пространственной траектории, мкм;
λ_j - откорректированная (ожидаемая) величина равномерной амплитуды динамической составляющей упругих деформаций обрабатывающей системы на j-ом изделии, мкм;
l_ij - шаг дискреты продольного перемещения вдоль j-ой пространственной траектории между двумя соседними (i-1)-ой и i-ой точками последовательных одноразовых импульсных встреч, мкм;
L'_j - шаг длины j-ой пространственной траектории между первой и конечной точками последовательности одноразовых импульсных встреч за время каждого одного периода автоколебаний динамической составляющей упругих деформаций обрабатывающей системы на j-ом изделии, мкм.For each j-th of k simultaneously processed products, computer calculations in the three-coordinate system of the machine determine the location of the corresponding j-th spatial path in the form of a sequence of individual points. In addition, the longitudinal speed of successive one-time impulse meetings along each j-th of k such spatial trajectories of each local point is determined from the sequence of such points on each j-th of k simultaneously machined surfaces with each corresponding cutting grain vertex from the sequence of such vertices on each j of the k calculated trajectories on the generating tool surface, depending on the number of radial projections and the rotation speed of the generating tool linen surface. In this case, additional discrete displacements of each j-th of k simultaneously processed product surfaces along the normal to the shaping plane in the direction of the producing tool surface at each individual point of a one-time impulse meeting on the entire sequence of points along each j-th of k spatial paths are taken into account. Moreover, the step of the specified additional movement is determined by computer calculations from the "expression:

where V _ij is the step of the additional discrete displacement along the normal to the plane of shaping at the i-th point of the j-th spatial trajectory, microns;
λ _j - corrected (expected) value of the uniform amplitude of the dynamic component of the elastic deformations of the processing system on the j-th product, microns;
l _ij - step discrete longitudinal movement along the j-th spatial path between two adjacent (i-1) -th and i-th points of consecutive one-time impulse meetings, microns;
L ' _j is the length step of the j-th spatial trajectory between the first and final points of the sequence of one-time impulse meetings during each one period of self-oscillations of the dynamic component of the elastic deformations of the processing system on the j-th product, microns.

является постоянной для каждого j-го из k одновременно обрабатываемых изделий.In this case, the longitudinal velocity V _{t (pr) of} successive one-time impulse meetings on the spatial trajectory of each given local point from the sequence of such points of the work surface with the corresponding each given vertex of the cutting grain from the sequence of such vertices on the producing tool surface, ("weaving" feed rate) corresponding to the expression

is constant for each j-th of k simultaneously processed products.

Next, a computer analysis of all the parameters obtained as a result of the calculations for all k simultaneously processed products is carried out and the parameters for the removal rate of the main part of the allowance for the controlled micro-grinding mode (rotation speed of the producing tool surface, discrete linear step) are common to all k simultaneously processed products displacements in the shaping plane, displacement length and speed of longitudinal feed from reverse to reverse ca, the value of the discrete mortise feed at the points of reverse of the longitudinal feed direction) corresponding to the k-th of k simultaneously processed products with the highest value of T _k - the time constant of the transient cutting processes.

In this case, the values of parameters characterizing the state of elasticity of the processing system of all the rest of k simultaneously processed products in the form of time constants T _{j 'of} transient cutting processes, and the corresponding values of the dynamic loading parameters and dimensional adjustment of the processing system during removal are corrected by appropriate computer calculation the main part of the allowance from each individual of k simultaneously processed products under steady-state (controlled) conditions grinding.

 The processing system of the machine is assigned a control program for dynamic loading for each individual of k simultaneously processed products with the corresponding re-adjusted parameters of the intensity of removal of the main part of the allowance and the simultaneous processing of all products in such modes is carried out.

During the removal of the main part of the allowance, technological diagnostics of the current state of parameters for each j-th of k simultaneously processed products (for stable controllability of the output processing parameters of each j-th of k respectively simultaneously processed products) is carried out in each longitudinal pass with a given frequency. In this case, the deviation of the actual time constant of the transients of cutting T _fj from the calculated, re-adjusted value of this parameter T _{j '} and accordingly specified by the control program in the processing system of the machine is determined.

The parameter T _{fj is} identified by interrupting an additional discrete cut-in feed at individually specified sections of the spatial trajectory of one-time impulse meetings of locally given surface points of each j-th of k simultaneously processed products with the corresponding vertices of the cutting grains on the calculated trajectory (Archimedes spiral), a rotating producing tool surface.

где R'_zk - повторно скорректированная для k-го изделия дискретность продольного перемещения в плоскости формообразования, мкм;
m - число радиальных выступов на производящей инструментальной поверхности;
n_k - повторно скорректированная для k-го изделия скорость вращения производящей инструментальной поверхности, 1/мин;
f_nj - прогнозируемая частота автоколебаний динамической составляющей упругой деформации в обрабатывающей системе j-го изделия, 1/сек;
Σl_ij - минимальная суммарная длина траектории из локальных точек на обрабатываемой поверхности j-го изделия, мкм.The length of each of these separate sections on the spatial path is determined, for example, based on the condition that during each identification T _{fj the} total length of the path Σl _ij connecting the sequence of these local points on the surface of the corresponding j-th workpiece will exceed the value calculated by the computer from the expression:

where R ' _zk - re-adjusted for the k-th product discreteness of longitudinal movement in the plane of shaping, microns;
m is the number of radial protrusions on the producing tool surface;
n _k - re-adjusted for the k-th product rotation speed of the producing tool surface, 1 / min;
f _nj is the predicted frequency of self-oscillations of the dynamic component of elastic deformation in the processing system of the j-th product, 1 / sec;
Σl _ij is the minimum total length of the trajectory from local points on the processed surface of the j-th product, microns.

где T_фj - фактическая постоянная времени переходных процессов резания j-ой упругой обрабатывающей системы, сек;
P_сj - статическая составляющая силы резания в j-ой упругой обрабатывающей системе, кгс;
P_дj - амплитуда автоколебаний динамической составляющей силы резания в j-ой упругой обрабатывающей системе, кгс;
f_фnj - фактическая частота автоколебаний динамической составляющей силы резания в j-ой упругой обрабатывающей системе, ед./сек.During the identification of the parameter T _{fj, the} static and dynamic components of the cutting force are measured in the direction normal to the forming plane at each point of the one-time impulse meetings of each given local surface point of the jth of k simultaneously processed products with each corresponding vertex of the cutting grain of the calculated trajectory on the generating tool surface. The amplitude and the actual frequency of the self-oscillations of the dynamic component of the cutting force are recorded and real-time computer calculations of the processing determine the actual value of the transient constant of the cutting processes in each j-th of k simultaneously processed products from the formula:

where T _fj - the actual time constant of the transition processes of cutting the j-th elastic processing system, sec;
P _сj is the static component of the cutting force in the j-th elastic processing system, kgf;
P _dj is the amplitude of the self-oscillations of the dynamic component of the cutting force in the j-th elastic processing system, kgf;
f _fnj is the actual frequency of self-oscillations of the dynamic component of the cutting force in the j-th elastic processing system, units / sec.

In the process of processing by continuous computer calculations, the trend of the actual parameters T _{fj of} each j-th of k simultaneously processed products as a function of processing time, respectively, of each j-th of k simultaneously processed products is analyzed.

The possibility of the moment when the boundary value T ' _{j is} exceeded exponentially increases the corresponding actual parameter T _fj (due to the monotonous increase in the radius of curvature due to dimensional wear on the vertices of the cutting grains of the producing tool surface), they are periodically prevented by changing the parameter for the stock removal rate, and the rotation speed is adjusted producing tool surface, which is increased to stabilize the specified time interval T _fj from passage to passage.

The possibility of the moment of exceeding the boundary value T ' _j over the hyperbole of the increasing corresponding parameter T _fj (due to the adverse effect of temperature factors) is prevented by changing the parameters of the stock removal rate, while at the same time three parameters are corrected, of which the rotation speed of the producing tool surface, the longitudinal velocity movement and reduce the depth of the mortise feeds to stabilize the specified time interval T _fj from passage to passage.

When processing products from isotropic materials (for example, glass), the stock removal rate is stabilized and the dimensional processing system is constant by changing the stock removal rate parameter, and the longitudinal velocity of the touch point of the producing tool surface with the machined surface is adjusted, which increases as the radius of the arrangement increases of this point relative to the axis of rotation of the producing tool surface to actually stabilize nth parameter T _fj from passage to passage.

When processing critical nanoelectronics products, they prevent the possibility of formation of defects in the surface layer when processing products from anisotropic materials (diamond substrates) in any j-th of k simultaneously processed products by adjusting the location of the trajectory of the point of contact of the producing tool surface with the work surface on the producing tool surface , the minimum step of increment of which is increased until stabilization from passage to passage is actually th magnitude T _fk predetermined value T _'k, the corresponding k-th of k simultaneously processed products, the processing of which has the largest time constant of transitional cutting processes. In this case, the direction of the cutting velocity vector corresponds to the solid direction of the “abrasion of the crystal lattice" on the treated surface of the crystal.

Minimize weight loss by allowing a certain possibility of the formation of individual defects in the surface layer when processing products from anisotropic materials (jewelry inserts) in any j-th of k simultaneously processed products by adjusting the location of the trajectory of the touch point of the producing tool surface with the work surface on the producing tool surface, the minimum wherein step discreteness reduced to stabilize from pass to pass the actual value T ₁ a predetermined value T'1, corresponding to the first of k simultaneously processed products, the processing of which has the smallest value of the time constant of transitional cutting processes. In this case, the direction of the cutting velocity vector corresponds to the soft direction of the “abrasion of the crystal lattice" on the surface of the crystal being processed.

 The hard or soft directions of the "abrasion of the crystal lattice" given here correspond to existing concepts that explain the mechanism for removing allowance for manual cutting of natural diamonds (that is, not in the elastic processing system of the machine. See. Epifanov V.I., Pesina A.Ya., Zykov L. V. The technology of processing diamonds into diamonds. - M.: Higher School, 1987).

При этом заданную форму готового изделия определяют площадью A_k пятна контакта, рассчитанного для k-го, то есть самого твердого из k одновременно обрабатываемых изделий с диаметром окружности, равным

где d_Ak - расчетный диаметр окружности, ограничивающей пятно контакта k-го обрабатываемого изделия с производящей инструментальной поверхностью площадью A_k в размерно-управляемом процессе микрошлифования, мкм;
R'_zk - повторно скорректированная для k-го изделия дискретность продольного перемещения в плоскости формообразования, мкм;
m - число радиальных выступов на производящей инструментальной поверхности;
n_k - повторно скорректированная для k-го изделия скорость вращения производящей инструментальной поверхности, 1/мин;
d_фAj - фактический диаметр окружности, ограничивающей пятно контакта j-го обрабатываемого изделия с производящей инструментальной поверхность площадью A_j в размерно-управляемом процессе микрошлифования, мкм;
f_фnj - фактическая частота автоколебаний динамической составляющей силы резания в j-ой упругой обрабатывающей системе, ед./сек;
f_nk - прогнозируемая частота автоколебаний динамической составляющей упругих деформаций в k-ой обрабатывающей системе при размерно-управляемом процессе микрошлифования, ед./сек.The proposed method allows to process simultaneously k products of complex volumetric shape from anisotropic materials, (for example, diamonds) by additionally moving the touch points of the producing tool surface with the machined surface of each j-th of k simultaneously processed products along the generatrix and coordinated in the coordinate axes of the processing system of the machine guide lines of the form specified by the control program in the processing system of the machine for the finished product. At the same time, weight losses are minimized in each j-th out of k simultaneously processed products by selecting the indicated interconnections additional movements coordinated in the coordinate axes of the machine processing system along the generatrix and guide lines of the finished product form in such a way that in a stationary size-controlled (size-controlled) In the micro grinding mode, the contact point of each j-th of k simultaneously processed products with a producing tool surface was transformed into a contact spot with an area A _j limited by a diameter d _fAj equal to:

Moreover, the given shape of the finished product is determined by the area A _k of the contact spot calculated for the k-th, that is, the hardest of k simultaneously processed products with a circle diameter equal to

where d _Ak is the calculated diameter of the circle bounding the contact spot of the k-th workpiece with the producing tool surface with area A _k in the size-controlled micro grinding process, microns;
R ' _zk - re-adjusted for the k-th product discreteness of longitudinal movement in the plane of shaping, microns;
m is the number of radial protrusions on the producing tool surface;
n _k - re-adjusted for the k-th product rotation speed of the producing tool surface, 1 / min;
d _fAj is the actual diameter of the circle bounding the contact spot of the j-th workpiece with the tool surface producing area A _j in the size-controlled micro grinding process, microns;
f _fnj is the actual frequency of self-oscillations of the dynamic component of the cutting force in the j-th elastic processing system, units / sec;
f _nk is the predicted frequency of self-oscillations of the dynamic component of elastic strains in the k-th processing system during the size-controlled process of micro grinding, units / sec.

где d_Ak - диаметр окружности площади A_k пятна контакта k-го обрабатываемого изделия с производящей инструментальной поверхностью в размерно-управляемом режиме микрошлифования, мкм;
r_A,B - радиус кривизны обрабатываемой поверхности изделий в точке ее контакта с производящей инструментальной поверхностью, измеренный по нормали соответственно к оси A или к оси B, мкм;
R_z - заданная высота микронеровностей на поверхности готового изделия, мкм.Moreover, additional movements of the indicated points of contact either along the generatrix or along the guide lines of the shape of the surface being machined are carried out by corresponding discrete angular rotation relative to the shaping plane of each j-th and all other of k simultaneously processed products around the coordinate axis A parallel to the coordinate axis X of the machine, and around the coordinate axis B, at a right angle intersecting the coordinate axis A of the machine. The minimum step size of the angular discrete (rotation) φ _{A, B} around the indicated axes A and B is determined by computer calculations from the expression:

where d _Ak is the diameter of the circumference of the area A _k of the contact spot of the k-th workpiece with the producing tool surface in a size-controlled micro grinding mode, microns;
r _{A, B} is the radius of curvature of the workpiece surface to be machined at the point of contact with the producing tool surface, measured normal to the A axis or B axis, respectively, μm;
R _z - a given height of microroughnesses on the surface of the finished product, microns.

где L'_k - шаг длины k-ой пространственной траектории, не выходящей за границы окружности с диаметром d_Ak, между первой и конечной точками указанной последовательности одноразовых импульсных встреч вершин режущих зерен производящей инструментальной поверхности с соответствующими локальными точками на обрабатываемой поверхности за время каждого одного периода автоколебаний динамической составляющей упругих деформаций обрабатывающей системы на k-ом изделии (с дополнительной дискретной врезной подачей по нормали к плоскости формообразования), мкм;
Σl_ik - минимальная суммарная длина траектории, не выходящей за пределы окружности диаметром d_Ak, из локальных точек на обрабатываемой поверхности k-го изделия, в пределах которой выключают дополнительную дискретную врезную подачу и осуществляют идентификацию фактической постоянной времени T_фk переходных процессов резания в соответствующей k-ой упругой обрабатывающей системе, мкм;
R'_zk - повторно скорректированная для k-го изделия дискретность продольного перемещения в плоскости формообразования, мкм;
m - число радиальных выступов на производящей инструментальной поверхности;
n_k - повторно скорректированная для k-го изделия скорость вращения производящей инструментальной поверхности, 1/мин.The minimum time interval Δt _{A, B} between two adjacent discrete rotations around the indicated axes, either A or B is determined by computer calculations from the expression:

where L ' _k is the step of the length of the kth spatial trajectory that does not extend beyond the boundaries of a circle with diameter d _Ak between the first and final points of the indicated sequence of one-time impulse meetings of the vertices of the cutting grains of the producing tool surface with the corresponding local points on the machined surface during each one period of self-oscillations of the dynamic component of the elastic deformations of the processing system on the kth product (with an additional discrete mortise feed normal to the plane of the shape vania), microns;
Σl _ik is the minimum total length of the path, not exceeding a circle with a diameter of d _Ak , from local points on the machined surface of the k-th product, within which an additional discrete cut-in feed is turned off and the actual time constant T _{fk of} the cutting transients in the corresponding k th elastic processing system, microns;
R ' _zk - re-adjusted for the k-th product discreteness of longitudinal movement in the plane of shaping, microns;
m is the number of radial protrusions on the producing tool surface;
n _k - re-adjusted for the k-th product rotation speed of the producing tool surface, 1 / min.

где D₂ и D₁ - соответственно наружный и внутренний диаметры производящей инструментальной поверхности режущего инструмента, мкм;
d_фAj- диаметр окружности площади A_j пятна контакта j-го обрабатываемого изделия с производящей инструментальной поверхностью в размерно-управляемом режиме микрошлифования, мкм;
H_z - суммарный припуск на обработку вдоль координатной оси Z, мкм;
H_nj - суммарный припуск, снятый с j-го обрабатываемого изделия за N продольных проходов на стадии накопления потенциальной энергии в упругой обрабатывающей системе станка, мкм;
k - количество одновременно обрабатываемых изделий;
R_z - дискретность продольного перемещения в плоскости формообразования, мкм.Stable control is carried out of the regimes of the intensity of stock removal from each j-th of k simultaneously processed products as a function of the coordinate location along each longitudinal passage of the contact spots of the producing tool surface with the processed surfaces of the products. In this case, the minimum integer number of such passes is determined by computer calculations from the expression:

where D ₂ and D ₁ - respectively, the outer and inner diameters of the producing tool surface of the cutting tool, microns;
d _фAj is the diameter of the circumference of the area A _j of the contact spot of the j-th workpiece with the producing tool surface in the size-controlled micro grinding mode, microns;
H _z - the total allowance for processing along the coordinate axis Z, microns;
H _nj is the total allowance taken from the j-th workpiece for N longitudinal passes at the stage of accumulation of potential energy in the elastic processing system of the machine, microns;
k is the number of simultaneously processed products;
R _z - discreteness of longitudinal movement in the plane of shaping, microns.

а сумму дискретных врезных подач за один продольный проход определяют компьютерными вычислениями из выражения:

(то есть для первого самого "мягкого" из k одновременно обрабатываемых изделий).In the coordinate function of the indicated contact “spots” relative to the reverse points within the trajectory length of each one such passage for each j-th of k simultaneously processed products, the coordinates of the trajectory sections are determined in which there is no additional discrete mortise feed in connection with the identification of the cutting transient time constant for the corresponding j-th of k simultaneously processed products, and also determine the coordinates of the periodic discrete tnoy mortise feed. Moreover, for each j-th of k simultaneously processed products, the sum of the discrete mortise feeds for one longitudinal pass is determined by computer calculations from the expression:

and the sum of the discrete mortise feeds for one longitudinal passage is determined by computer calculations from the expression:

(that is, for the first “softest” of k simultaneously processed products).

Скорость продольной подачи указанного пятна контакта каждого j-го из k одновременно обрабатываемых изделий вдоль траектории в плоскости формообразования между точками реверса определяют компьютерными вычислениями из выражения:
V_tk = d_фAkf_фnk
Таким образом, предлагаемый способ позволяет обрабатывать высокоточные изделия сложной формы в режиме пластического микрошлифования без хрупкого разрушения обрабатываемой поверхности с обеспечением высокого качества поверхностей готового изделия, по существу соответствующего ручной обработке, и его гарантированными размерами.The size of the allowance left unchecked after the first longitudinal pass is determined for each j-th of k simultaneously processed products by computer calculations from the expression:

The speed of the longitudinal feed of the specified contact spot of each j-th of k simultaneously processed products along the path in the shaping plane between the reverse points is determined by computer calculations from the expression:
V _tk = d _фAk f _фnk
Thus, the proposed method allows you to process high-precision products of complex shape in the mode of plastic micro grinding without brittle fracture of the processed surface to ensure high quality surfaces of the finished product, essentially corresponding to manual processing, and its guaranteed dimensions.

 In more detail, the proposed method will be given in the description of the operation of the proposed device for micro grinding products.

For a better understanding of the invention, the following are specific examples of its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 - schematically depicts a device for dimensional micro grinding of products made according to the invention for group processing of flat surfaces;
FIG. 2 is an embodiment of a piezoelectric force transducer according to the invention when processing flat surfaces;
FIG. 3 is an embodiment according to the invention of a kinematic diagram of a device for processing flat surfaces shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a producing tool surface made according to the invention, a view in projection onto the shaping plane;
FIG. 5 is a view along arrow A in FIG. 4 in one embodiment of a manufacturing tool surface according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a section VI-VI in FIG. 4, an embodiment of the shape of a producing tool surface according to the invention in the form of a truncated cone;
FIG. 7 is an embodiment according to the invention of a kinematic diagram of a drive of coordinate movement along the Y axis of the grinding machine shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the invention for group processing of flat surfaces of articles made of isotropic materials;
FIG. 9 is a variant of the implementation scheme of the method according to the invention when processing a flat surface of one product from an anisotropic material);
FIG. 10 is a variant of the implementation scheme of the method according to the invention during group processing of flat surfaces of products from anisotropic materials (diamonds);
FIG. 11 is an embodiment according to the invention of a kinematic diagram of a machine for group processing of complex surfaces;
FIG. 12 is an embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention of a piezoelectric force sensor when machining complex surfaces on a machine with the kinematic circuit shown in FIG. eleven;
FIG. 13 is a variant of the implementation scheme of the method according to the invention when batch processing complex profile surfaces of products from isotropic materials;
FIG. 14 is a variant of the implementation scheme of the method according to the invention when processing complex surfaces of one product from an anisotropic material;
FIG. 15 is a variant of the implementation scheme of the method according to the invention when batch processing complex profile surfaces of products from anisotropic materials;
FIG. 16 is a variant of a circuit according to the invention of a multichannel digital signal recorder for implementing the method according to the invention when batch processing products from anisotropic materials;
FIG. 17 is a variant of a circuit according to the invention of a multi-channel digital piezoelectric actuator for implementing the method according to the invention when batch processing products from anisotropic materials;
FIG. 18 is an embodiment of a machine arrangement according to the invention with three cutting tools.

The device made according to the invention comprises a grinding machine 1, the elastic processing system 2 of which includes a fixture 4 mounted on the bed 3 for fastening a cutting tool 5 having a producing tool surface 6 with associated cutting grains 7, and a support 8 located under this device 4, on which has a table 9 with a fixture 10 for mounting workpieces 11. In this case, the device has a drive 12 for longitudinal movement of the table 9 in the plane of shaping along the coordinates axis X of machine 1, drive 13 for longitudinal movement of caliper 8 with table 9 in the shaping plane along the coordinate axis Y of machine 1, drive 14 for moving caliper 8 with table 9 along coordinate axis Z of machine 1 along the normal to the plane of shaping, drive 15 for turning the tool 4 for fastening the cutting tool 5 and means 16 for numerical program control, the control outputs 17, 18, 19 and 20 of which are electrically connected to the respective said drives 15, 14, 13 and 12, respectively, of the rotation of the tool 4 for attaching the cutting tool 5 and move the table 9 with the device 10 for fixing the workpiece 11 along the coordinate axes X, Y and Z of the machine 1. In the specified device according to the invention, the producing tool surface 6 has the tops of the cutting grains 7 protruding from the bundle 21 to the same height h, and each of the drives 12 and 13 of the longitudinal movement of the table 9 with the device 10 for mounting the workpieces 11 in the plane of shaping along the coordinate axes X and Y of the machine 1 is a drive with a total mechanism 22 and 23, containing m two-planetary pinion gear 24 and 25 cycloidal gearing with two input links 26, 27 and 28, 29, respectively connected with two drive motors 30, 31 and 32, 33. The device is additionally equipped with an operational monitoring system 34 having an electric circuit containing a piezoelectric force sensor 35 connected in series located under the workpiece 11 in the fixture 10 for fastening it and converting the cutting force component P at each touch point of the workpiece surface 11 each cutting grain 7 of the producing tool surface 6 into an electric current voltage U, a normalizing voltage amplifier 36 and an analog-to-digital converter 37, the output of which 38 is connected to the corresponding input 39 of the numerical control tool 16, which is made on the basis of a computer and connected to it via an interface communication 40 multichannel linear microinterpolator 41 with a buffer memory, the outputs of which 42. .. 51 are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the indicated drives 12, 13, 14 moving the table 9 with the device 10 for mounting the workpiece 11 along the coordinate axes X, Y and Z of the machine 1. In addition, the specified operational control system 34 contains a pulse shaper 52, carrying information on a periodic change in the cutting force P, the input of which 53 is connected to the output of the normalizing amplifier 36, and a frequency meter 54 of the dynamic component of the cutting force P _d , the input of which 55 is connected to the output of the pulse shaper 52, and its o output 56 is connected to the corresponding input of the computer of the numerical control means 16. At the same time, the device is equipped with a digital-to-analog converter 57, the input of which 58 is connected to the corresponding control output of the computer of the numerical control 16, and its output 59 is connected to the control input of the drive 15 of the device 4 for fastening the cutting tool 5. The drive 14 for moving the support 8 with the table 9 along the coordinate axis Z of the machine in the direction normal to the horizontal plane f Rmoobrazovaniya includes a mechanism for translational movement along the coordinate axis X '(at an angle a to the coordinate axis X) of the wedge-shaped caliper 8 along the guides 60 of the bed 3 inclined relative to the horizontal plane of forming, containing a two-planetary-pinion gear reducer 61 of cycloidal engagement with one input link 62, connected to the driving stepper motor 63. In this case, for example, each of the drives 12 and 13 for moving the support 8 with the table 9 along the corresponding coordinate axes X and Y of the machine 1 contains two block 64, 65 and 66, 67 control the corresponding stepper motors 30, 31 and 32, 33, and the drive 14 for moving the caliper 8 with the table 9 along the coordinate axis Z of the machine 1 contains one block 68 for controlling the stepper motor 63.

 Moreover, each of the indicated control units 64 ... 68 of the corresponding stepper motors 30 ... 33 and 63 contains two channels (one towards the plus side and the other towards the minus side) of input in the mode of direct digital counting of quantity and frequency controlled pulses, as well as each of these blocks 64 ... 68 contains one output channel, respectively 69 ... 73 in the form of phase switching with crushing pitch angular rotation of the output shaft of the corresponding stepper motor with stabilization of the current in the windings of its stator. The rotation drive 15 of the tool 4 for attaching the cutting tool 5 contains, for example, an AC frequency controller 74, the input of which is connected to the output 59 of the digital-analog converter 57, and its output 75 is connected to the input of the motor 76. The shaft 77 of the motor 76 carries an angular displacement sensor and drives the adaptation 4 together with the fixed cutting tool 5.

 The device 4 for fastening the cutting tool 5, for example, can be made in the form of a grinding spindle unit with the grinding spindle based on aerostatic axial and radial bearings. These drives 13 and 14 coordinate movement of the support 8 along the inclined guides 60 of the bed 3 along the coordinate axes Y and X '(at an angle a inclined to the axis X), as well as the drive 12 coordinate movement of the table 9 relative to the support 8 along the coordinate axis X of machine 1, for example, they contain corresponding mechanisms 78, 79 and 80 of the type screw-nut rolling element, the input link of each of which is connected to the output shaft of the corresponding two-planetary-pinion gear 24, 25 and 61 of cycloidal gearing.

 The elastic processing system 2 of machine 1 as input links contains executive bodies 81, 82, 83 and 84 for reproducing technological modes of the intensity of stock removal from the action of the respective drives 12, 13, 14 and 15, and as the output link, the elastic processing system 2 contains executive organs reproducing a component of the cutting force P acting normal to the plane of shaping.

 The cutting tool 5 according to the invention on its surface contains separate cutting grains 7, and the vertices 85 of the cutting grains 7 are separate points that coincide with the points made on the producing tool surface 6 of the lines 86, which are the vertices of the radially arranged protrusions 87, and the vertices of the protrusions 87 lie in one plane coinciding with the plane of shaping.

A possible embodiment of the cutting tool 5, in which according to the invention the producing tool surface has the shape of a truncated cone, facing with its smaller base D ₁ towards the workpiece 11, and the tops 85 of the cutting grains 7 are separate points that coincide with the points made on the producing tool the surface 6 of the lines 86, which are the vertices of the radially located protrusions 87, while the vertices of the protrusions 87 lie on the generatrix 88 of the cone.

 The device made according to the invention, for processing products of complex spatial shapes, further comprises a rotary drive 89 of the device 10 for mounting the workpiece 11 around the axis A parallel to the coordinate axis X of the machine 1, and a rotary drive 90 of this device 10 with the product 11 around the axis B, crossing the coordinate axis A of machine 1 at right angles, and the electrical inputs of these drives connected to the corresponding outputs 91 ... 94 of the multi-channel linear microinterpolator 41 with buffer memory. Each of these drives 89 and 90 of rotation of the device 10 for mounting the workpiece 11 around the indicated axes A and B, respectively, includes one control unit 95 and 96 of the respective stepper motors 97 and 98, which have two channels (one in the plus side) "and the other in the direction of" minus ") input in direct digital counting mode the number and frequency of control pulses from a multi-channel linear microinterpolator 41 with buffer memory, and also have one output channel 99 and 100 in the form of phase switching with a fraction step of the angular rotation of the output shaft 101 and 102 of the corresponding stepper motor 97 and 98 with stabilization of the current in the stator windings. In addition, the specified actuator 89 contains a dual two-planetary-pinion gear reducer 103 of cycloidal gearing, the input shaft of which is mechanically connected to the output shaft 101 of the stepper motor 97, and the output shaft of the gear 103 is located coaxially to the coordinate axis A and parallel to the coordinate axis X of machine 1 and is mechanically connected to fixture 10 for mounting the workpiece 11. In this case, said actuator 90 comprises a two-planetary-pinwheel gear reducer 104 of cycloidal gearing, the input shaft of which is mechanically connected to the output scar 102 of the stepper motor 98, and the output shaft of the gearbox 104 is mechanically connected to the input link 105 of the mechanical transmission of the drive 106 of the rotation of the tool 10 with the workpiece 11 around the axis B, intersecting at a right angle the coordinate axis A of machine 1.

 In the process of processing complex products, the elastic processing system 2 of the machine 1 as input links contains executive bodies 81, 82, 83, 84, 107 and 108 for reproducing technological modes of the intensity of stock removal from the action of the corresponding drives 12, 13, 14, 15, 89 and 90, and as the output link, the elastic processing system 2 contains an actuator that reproduces the cutting force component P acting normal to the shaping plane.

 In one embodiment, a device made according to the invention may include a fixture 109 for attaching one workpiece 11. In another embodiment, a device made according to the invention may comprise a fixture 109 for attaching a group of workpieces containing at least two workpieces 11, however, the multi-channel operational monitoring system 110 contains at least two electrical circuits, each of which contains piezoelectric connected in series a tertiary force sensor 35, located under the corresponding workpiece 11, a normalizing voltage amplifier 36 and an analog-to-digital converter 37, the output of which is connected to the corresponding input of the computer means 16 for numerical program control.

 The specified multichannel operational monitoring system 110 may be additionally equipped with a multi-channel digital signal recorder 113 connected via a communication interface 112 to a computer, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs 111 of the corresponding digital-to-analog converters 37 of each electric circuit of the multichannel operational monitoring system 110.

 The specified multi-channel digital signal recorder 113 may include random access memory 114, the number of which corresponds to the number of processed products 11 and outputs 111 of which are outputs of a multi-channel digital signal recorder 113, serially connected pulse generator 115, pulse counter 116, the control inputs of which 117 and 118 are connected to the control unit 119. The output 120 of the control unit 119, the outputs 121 and 122 of the pulse counter 116 and the output 123 of each random access memory The devices 114 are outputs of a multi-channel digital signal recorder 113, which are connected via a communication interface 112 to a computer by means of numerical program control 16.

 The proposed device may further comprise a mechanical drive 124 for turning devices for fastening workpieces 11 about an axis A parallel to the X axis of machine 1, and a mechanical drive 125 for rotating these tools 10 around an axis B, which intersects the coordinate axis A of machine 1 at right angles, electrical inputs 911 , 921 and 931, 941 of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the multi-channel linear microinterpolator 41 with buffer memory. Moreover, the specified mechanical drive 124 contains the specified drive 89 with a double cycloidal gear 103 mounted on a table 9, the input shaft of which is mechanically connected to the output shaft 101 of the stepper motor 97, and the output shaft of the gear 103 is aligned with the coordinate axis A and parallel to the coordinate axis the X axis of the machine 1 and is mechanically connected to the rotary relative to the table 9 on two supports 126 and 127 of the cradle housing 128 with the basic supporting surfaces 129, one of which is parallel to the coordinate axis X of the ka 1 and the other is located on the normal to the reference axis B of the machine 1. On these surfaces 129 is fixed a replaceable cartridge 130 for Multi-fastening device 10 for fastening workpieces 11.

 The device 10 may contain one spindle or a group of spindles arranged in a row in the same plane passing through the coordinate axis A of machine 1. Moreover, each spindle is placed in a cassette 130 on angular contact bearings 131 and has a gear ring 132 kinematically connected with said mechanical a transmission 106 located in a removable cartridge 130 and connected with a mechanical drive 125 for turning this tool 10 about an axis B intersecting at a right angle the coordinate axis A of machine 1. This mechanical drive 125 includes a drive 90, in which a cycloidal gear double-planetary gearbox 104 is mounted on said rotary cradle 128, the input shaft of which is mechanically connected to the output shaft 102 of the stepper motor 98, and the output shaft of the gearbox 104 is aligned with the output shaft of the gearbox 103 and the coordinate axis A. It placed on the radial bearings of rotation 133 in the hole of the specified bearings 125 of the cradle 128 and kinematically connected by means of a gear transmission 134 with the input link 105 of the mechanical transmission 106 of the drive drive rotation of each individual and at the same time of all the spindles of the device 10 for fastening the workpieces 11 in a multi-seat replaceable cartridge 130 around the axis B, intersecting at a right angle the coordinate axis A of the machine 1.

The proposed device according to the invention can be additionally equipped with a means 16 for computer numerical control of a multichannel digital piezoelectric drive 136 of an additional discrete mortise feed M _{z of the} processed products 11 along the coordinate axis Z of the machine 1, the number of channels of which corresponds to the number of processed products 11, connected via a communication interface 135 to the computer and corresponding to the number of channels of this drive 136 series-connected digital-to-analog converters 137 and normalizing amplifiers 138, while the control output channels 139 of this drive 136 are connected to the inputs of the corresponding digital-to-analog converters 137, and the outputs 140 of normalizing amplifiers 138 are connected to the corresponding power inputs 141 of the respective piezoelectric sensors 35 of each power circuit 142 of the multi-channel digital piezoelectric drive 136.

 The multi-channel digital piezoelectric drive 136 of the proposed device may include random access memory 143, the number of which corresponds to the number of processed products 11 and the inputs 144 of which are inputs of a multi-channel digital piezoelectric drive 136, a pulse generator 145 and a pulse counter 146 connected to which control inputs 147 and 148 are connected to the control unit 149, while the output 150 of the control unit 149, the outputs 151 and 152 of the pulse counter 146 and the outputs 139 of each opera ativnost memory 143 are multichannel digital output channels 136 of the piezoelectric actuator.

 The device 10 for mounting the workpieces 11 on the spindles 10 includes a housing (for example, in the form of a cradle) 128 mounted on the table 9 of the grinding machine 1 with the possibility of rotation around axis A (parallel to the coordinate axis X of machine 1), located on the supporting surfaces 129 of the housing- cradles 128 in cassette 130 at least one spindle 10 with a gear ring 132 for mounting a workpiece 11 that has a drive 106 for rotating said spindle 10 through a gear ring 132 about an axis B intersecting at a right angle the coordinate axis A with Anka 1.

 The drive 106 can be made according to the RF Patent N 1356359 and contain a mechanism for sampling the gaps in the kinematic chain in the form of a spring-loaded and longitudinally elastic rail mounted parallel and diametrically opposite to the drive rail with the possibility of interaction with the spindles 10 through gear rings 132. the invention that the drive 106 of rotation of the spindles 10 contains two hollow screws 153 and 154 installed parallel and diametrically opposed to the gear rims 132 of the spindles 10 with possibility gear 155 of their mutual rotation. At the same time, to perform the functions of these rails for selecting gaps in the kinematic chain, transverse slots 156 weakening axial stiffness must be made in each screw 153 and 154, and each end of each screw 153 and 154 is fixed in an angular contact bearing 157, 158 and 159, 160 with elastic compression deformation in the axial direction of one screw 154 and with elastic tensile deformation in the axial direction of another screw 153.

 In addition, in said device according to the invention, in each screw 153 and 154, the slots 156 are made in groups and the groups of slots 156 of one screw 153 are staggered relative to the groups of slots 156 of the second screw 154.

 The cradle housing 128 may have axially movable devices 161 for adjusting the position of the corresponding piezoelectric sensor 35, arranged coaxially with the corresponding spindle 10 of the device for fastening the workpiece 11. Moreover, the device 161 for adjusting the position of the corresponding piezoelectric sensor 35 contains a screw 162, at the end 163 of which this sensor 35 is fixed by a nut 164, made in the form of a cap, the outer end surface 165 of which is in contact with thereto gap of the end surface 166 corresponding to the spindle 10.

 In the cradle housing 128 of the device for fastening the workpieces 11, a recess 167 is made under each spindle 10 and a cap 164 of the corresponding device 161 for adjusting the position of the corresponding piezoelectric sensor 35 is placed in this recess. In this case, the end surface 166 of the corresponding spindle 10 in contact with the outer 165 end surface of the cap 164 is made spherical.

 The device according to the invention may have one cutting tool 5, and may have at least one additional cutting tool, the producing tool surface of which is made similar to the manufacturing tool surface of said first cutting tool, at least one additional cutting tool, the producing tool surface of which is made similar to the producing tool the surface of said first cutting tool. For example, the device may include three cutting tools 5, 167, 168, mounted with the possibility of their simultaneous rotation relative to the axis C, parallel to the coordinate axis Z of the machine 1, in the fixture for mounting the cutting tool, made, for example, in the form of a "turret" head 169.

 We consider in more detail the action of the method proposed according to the invention using the example of the operation of its corresponding implementing device while simultaneously group size-adjustable defect-free micro grinding of complex products from anisotropic hard-structural and brittle materials (diamonds).

 The processing is carried out on a device in which the machine 1 has three cutting tools 5, 167, 168 installed in the respective devices 4 for their fastening with the possibility of rotation in the "turret" head 169 relative to the axis C, parallel to the coordinate axis Z of the machine 1, and intended for sequential removal of rough, semi-finishing and finishing allowances from the workpiece blank to obtain the finished product with the specified dimensions and the specified microroughness height on the treated surface.

 At the same time, in said “turret” head 169 with sleeve-based device 4 is mounted rigidly for fastening three corresponding cutting tools 5, 167 and 168. Moreover, each of the three cutting tools is fixed in device 4 by means of a grinding spindle unit with the possibility of rotation of the corresponding spindle around its axis perpendicular to the plane of shaping, in radial and axial sliding bearings with gas lubrication. Cutting tools (grinding wheels) 5, 167 and 168 in the form of corresponding grinding wheels with an outer and inner diameter of the end surface of 250 and 207 mm, respectively, are rigidly fixed to each spindle on the conical tail part by means of a face plate. The producing tool surface 6 of each of the three grinding wheels 5, 167 and 168 is placed in the same shaping plane by the corresponding axial along the C axis installation movements of said spindle assemblies by moving said sleeves relative to said “turret” head 169.

As applied to processing the product 11, for example, from natural diamonds such as a jewelry insert with 57 faces to obtain optical cleanliness characteristics on a finished surface R _z = 0.05 mm and with dimensions of a given geometric shape corresponding to the diameter of the girdle, equal to 3.4 mm, choose the cutting characteristics of the producing tool surface 6 of the cutting tool 5 for removing the rough stock with the conversion as a result of micro cutting of the original arbitrary shape on the surface of the crystal, subject boiling treatment in a predetermined shape with certain dimensions. Moreover, as a result of processing, individual defects are allowed in the form of scratches arising from particles of individual cutting grains 85 or brittle breakaway particles from the treated crystal surface entering the cutting zone from the sheaf 21 of the producing tool surface 6.

 In this case, the cutting grains 85 of the producing tool surface 6 are natural diamonds with sizes of 5-7 μm at 100% concentration, the bonding material 21 is solid ceramic.

 When removing the semi-finished stock of the same product, the above defects are eliminated from the processed surface of the crystal, remaining from the previous technological operation of removing the rough stock while maintaining the obtained size and shape, and also optical characteristics of cleanliness on the processed surface of the crystal are obtained as a result of plastic micro-cutting. To do this, select the cutting characteristics of the producing tool surface 6 of the cutting tool 167 with cutting grains 7 in the form of natural diamonds with sizes of 10-14 μm at 100% concentration with a binder material 21 in the form of bakelite or soft organic matter (bone meal).

 When removing the final allowance, the previously obtained molds with the specified dimensions and optical cleanliness characteristics are saved with the formation of a dissipative structure free of dislocation defects in the surface layer on the finished surface of the crystal.

 To do this, choose the cutting characteristics of the producing tool surface 6 of the cutting tool 168 with cutting grains 7 of natural diamonds with sizes of 14-20 microns at 150% concentration with a binder material 21 in the form of a polyurethane with graphite filler.

The formation of the microrelief on the producing tool end surface 6 of each cutting tool 5, 167 and 168 in the form of a combination of a predetermined number of axisymmetrically arranged individual cutting protrusions 87 is carried out directly on the machine 1. At the same time, the supply of compressed air to the gas supports of these grinding spindles is stopped and thereby fixed from the possibility of rotation, each device 4 for attaching each specified cutting tool 5, 167 and 168 relative to the bed 3 of the machine. On the table 9 of the machine 1, instead of the device 10 for fastening the workpieces 11, a coordinate-dividing table with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the indicated plane of formation is installed. The coordinate-dividing table drive has a double-row planetary-pinion gear reducer of cycloidal gearing at a gear ratio of 1: 100 (1: 10 ² ), made, for example, in accordance with RF Patent N 2123627. The design feature of the gearbox is that it does not have backlash, deadband and a random component of the kinematic error. There is a dynamic stabilization of the constancy of the gear ratio and a linear characteristic of torsional stiffness. This is achieved thanks to the application of RF Patent N 1695595 when cutting gears on a machine in accordance with RF Patent N 1783696, which allows coordinate rotations of the dividing table with a discreteness of power control action of 0.0036 degrees in a stable mode of direct pulse counting (without feedback sensors) . At the same time, the number of unit control pulses for each one revolution of the shaft of the engine that drives the indicated rotary-dividing table is chosen equal to 1000. A ruling diamond roller with a diameter of 65 mm with an acute-angled profile of its peripheral cutting surface with a radius is set on the base surface of the specified dividing table. at a peak of 0.5 μm and with an axis of rotation of the diamond roller mounted parallel to the specified plane of formation. The drive of the rotation of the steering roller at a rotation speed of 8000 rpm is carried out from a cycloidal screw pneumatic motor, which, in accordance with the RF Patent N 306693, is integrated into the gas-dynamic bearings of rotation of the rotor carrying the steering diamond roller.

 The control program for the interconnected movements during the dressing of each grinding wheel is determined, including the movements of the support 8 along the coordinate axes Y and X 'relative to the bed 3, the table 9 along the coordinate axis X relative to the support 8 depending on the angular location of the plane of rotation of the ruling diamond roller on the specified coordinate dividing table, as a function of the coordinates of the center of rotation of the coordinate dividing table relative to the center of rotation of each cutting tool 5, 167 and 168 in the plane of the forms formation, as a function of the radius at the vertex 7 of each cutting grain 85, equal to 1 μm, and also as a function of the number of individual cutting protrusions 87, consisting of the vertices 7 of the cutting grains 85. Moreover, the number of such protrusions 87 for each producing tool surface 6 for all cutting tools 5, 167 and 168 are chosen the same from the condition that the largest number m of such protrusions 87 should not exceed the number of units of cutting grains of cutting tool 168 (having the largest sizes of cutting grains 85 of 25 μm) that are located and the outer diameter of the grinding wheel, of 250 mm (m, 30000). In addition, when determining the control program for the dressing process of the producing tool surface 6 of the cutting tool 5, take into account the need to give the producing tool surface 6 the shape of a truncated cone, the smaller base of which faces the work surface of the product 11, and the tops 7 of the cutting grains 86 are located on the radial protrusions 87, lying on the generators 88 of the specified cone.

 When determining the control program for the process of editing the producing tool surface 6 of the cutting tool 167 and 168, the necessity of giving the producing tool surface 6 with radially spaced lines 86 in the form of protrusions 87, the vertices of which lie in one plane coinciding with the shaping plane, is taken into account.

 Carry out the process of sequential dressing of these cutting tools 5, 167 and 168 and, thus, technologically ensure alignment in the same plane of shaping, taken as the reference base on the coordinate axis Z of machine 1, the smaller base of the truncated cone on the grinding wheel of the cutting tool 5, and also producing tool surfaces 6 of grinding wheels corresponding to cutting tools 167 and 168. Then, by turning the "turret" head 169 around the axis C, the cutting and tool 5 and include the supply of compressed air to the gas supports of the indicated grinding spindles of each of the three devices 4 for attaching the respective cutting tools 5, 167 and 168, and also include the motor 76 of the drive 15 of the rotation of the cutting tool 5 at a speed of n = 3000 rpm.

 On table 9 of machine 1, in place of the specified coordinate-dividing table with a device for dressing the producing tool surfaces 6 of these cutting tools 5, 167 and 168, a tool 10 is mounted for fastening the workpieces 11 in the form of a multi-seat cassette 130 with 15 spindles, rigidly fixed to cradle housing 128 and equipped with a mechanical drive 124 for turning devices 10 around axis A, parallel to the coordinate axis X of machine 1, and also equipped with a drive 125 for turning devices 10 around axis B, crossing her at a right angle coordinate axis A of machine 1.

In this case, each workpiece is glued to the corresponding mandrel, which is installed in the spindle bore and secured with a collet clamp in the tool 10. The distance between two adjacent spindles is chosen equal to 27.5 mm. A trajectory is set on the producing tool surface 6 of the grinding wheel of the cutting tool 5, consisting of a sequence of 30,000 individual vertices of 85 cutting grains 7 located at the intersection of 30,000 radial projections 87 with an Archimedes spiral. Moreover, the step of the Archimedes spiral for each one revolution of the cutting tool 5 is chosen equal to 1500 μm (that is, 30000 · R _z , where R _z = 0.05 μm). In the shaping plane relative to the center of the circumference of the grinding wheel of the cutting tool 5, the coordinates of the trajectory of the one-time impulse meetings of the indicated vertices 7 of the cutting grains 85 of the producing tool surface 6 of the cutting tool 5 lying on the specified Archimedes spiral are set with the local points of the workpiece surface during the corresponding longitudinal movement. The specified path is chosen in the form of a straight chord of a circle with a diameter of D ₂ = 250 mm, tangent to a circle with a diameter of D ₁ = 207 mm, formed from the same center, taken as the reference base in the XY shaping plane. Combine with the specified straight chord a line connecting the fifteen centers of rotation of the spindles of the removable cartridge 130 in the tool 10 for attaching the workpiece 11. In this case, the support 8 is moved relative to the bed 3 along the coordinate axis Y by +103.5 mm. Coordinate the leftmost axis of rotation of the spindle in the 15th local interchangeable cartridge 130 of the tool 10 with respect to the reference base in the plane of formation along the coordinate axis X to the position -67.95 mm A linear trajectory of successive local points of one-time impulse meetings with corresponding vertices of 85 cutting grains 7 on the specified Archimedes spiral of the rotating producing tool surface 6 of the cutting tool 5 is set on the machined surface. A step between two adjacent localized points located corresponding to a given value of microroughness R _z and equal to 0.05 μm.

 Determine the speed of the longitudinal feed along a rectilinear trajectory along the X coordinate axis equal to 75 mm / s ((30000 · 3000 · 0.05) / (60 · 1000). The stroke length along the X coordinate axis is determined to be 27.5 mm. Set the largest value of the removed allowance along the coordinate axis Z, equal to +160 microns.

The initial mortise feed rate is set to 2 μm / s, or the initial value d _{0z of the} discrete mortise feed d _0z = 2.27.5 + 75 = 0.7 (3) μm / pass.

The denominator q ₀ = 0.99541 (6) of the decreasing (according to the law of geometric progression) discrete mortise feed from one longitudinal passage to another is determined as the allowance is gradually removed from the workpiece surface 11 (q ₀ = 1-0.7 (3) / 160) = 0.99541 (6).

 The discontinuity of displacement per unit of control pulse from the engine 30 of the drive 12 of the movement of the table 9 relative to the support 8 along the coordinate axis X of the machine 1 is set equal to 0.05 μm and from the engine 32 of the drive 13 of the movement 13 of the support of the support 8 relative to the bed 3 along the coordinate axis Y of the machine 1.

 Set to 5 microns discreteness of movement per unit of control pulse from the motor 31 of the drive 12 of the movement of the table 9 relative to the support 8 along the coordinate axis X of the machine 1 and from the engine 33 of the drive 13 of the movement of the support 8 relative to the bed 3 along the coordinate axis Y of the machine 1.

In this case, the number of unit control pulses per 5, each one revolution of the motor shaft 30, 31, 32, and 33, is chosen equal to 1000, the pitch of the screw in ball screw drives of drives 12 and 13 is chosen equal to 5 mm, and the gear ratio in gearboxes 24 and 25 of cycloidal gearing chosen equal to 1: 100 (1:10 ² ). The largest coordinate movements of the table 9 along the X axis are limited to 630 mm, and the support 8 along the Y axis is limited to 200 mm. Select the angle of inclination of the guides 60 of the bed 3 relative to the horizontal plane of shaping equal to 5.73917 degrees (from the condition sin 5.73917 = 0.1). The discontinuity of displacement per unit of control pulse from the motor 63 of the drive 14 for moving the caliper 8 relative to the bed 3 along the coordinate axis X 'of machine 1, inclined relative to the X axis by an angle of 5.73917 degrees, is adjusted to 0.05 μm. The number of unit control pulses for each one revolution of the motor shaft 63 is chosen equal to 1000, the pitch of the screw in the ball screw drive of the drive 14 is chosen equal to 5 mm, and the gear ratio in the gearbox 61 is chosen equal to 1: 100 (1: 10 ² ). The greatest length of the coordinate movement of the caliper 8 along the X 'axis is limited to 100 mm.

Set to 0.0001 degrees discreteness of the angular rotation 25 of the cradle housing 128 together with a multi-seat removable cartridge 130 around the axis A parallel to the coordinate axis X of the machine 1 from the motor 97 of the drive 89. The number of unit control pulses for each one revolution of the shaft of the motor 97 is chosen equal to 1000, and the gear ratio of the double two-planetary-pinion gearbox 103 is chosen equal to 1: 3600 (1: 6 ² · 10 ² ). Limit the largest angle of rotation of the casing-cradle 128 around the axis A in the range from 0 to 90 degrees.

Set to 0.0001 deg discreteness of the angular rotation of the spindles in a multi-seat cassette 130 around the axis B, intersecting the axis A at right angles, in the device 10 for mounting the workpieces 11 from the motor 98 of the drive 90. The number of unit control pulses for each one revolution of the shaft motor 98 is chosen equal to 1000, the gear ratio of the dual-dvuhplanetarno rack drive gear 104 is selected to be 1: 100 (1 10 ²⁾ and the gear ratio between the two hollow screws 153, 154 with the gear 132 in the drive 106 rotate spinel delay with workpieces 11 in a multi-cassette 130 is selected to be 1:36. The rotation angle along the coordinate axis B is not limited both to the plus side and to the minus side.

Due to the use of RF Patent N 1309444 when cutting screws used in screw-nut gears of rolling drives 12, 13 and 14, in combination with the use of respective two-planetary gear reducers 24, 25 and 62 of cycloidal gearing on the gear ratio of 1: 100 (1:10 ²⁾ performed by the RF Patent N 2,123,627 with sliced gears on the RF Patent N 1,695,595 of the machine according to the RF Patent N 1783696, achieved possibility of each of said actuators constructed as a micromechanical assembly for micro linear displacements of large and massive units, including a support 8 together with a table 9 and a fixture 10 for fastening the processed products 11 relative to the bed 3 along the coordinate axes X 'and Y of the machine 1, as well as a table 9 together with the fixture 10 for mounting the processed products 11 relatively the caliper 8 along the coordinate axis X of the machine 1. This provides the following advantages:
- 100% multipair gearing, which is an order of magnitude higher than the technical characteristics of the drive compared to the best world analogues, and most importantly, significantly increases the kinematic accuracy;
- a linear characteristic of torsional stiffness, which allows you to advantageously use these drives as precision servo drives with a wide range of torque transmission;
- the absence of backlash, hysteresis and dead zone, which allows you to directly use these drives in bidirectional "rotation - movement" systems without loss of precision movement in the event of a change in the direction of torque;
- the practical absence of sliding friction and the presence of 100% multi-pair engagement ensures transmission efficiency (COP) of at least 95%;
- dynamic stabilization of gear ratio constancy excluding random components of kinematic error at all, starting from zero, speeds of movements;
- the regular nature of the systematic component of the kinematic error of the mechanical transmission, which allows, through the use of software, to ensure the variability of the gear ratio, not exceeding 0.01%.

In addition, the design of the mechanical transmission in the form of a summing mechanism with two input links 26 and 27 in the drive 12, as well as 28 and 29 in the drive 13, respectively provides geometric addition of two components of movement along each coordinate axis in the shaping plane for forming according to the control programs on the workpiece surface 11 of the trajectory of a given sequence of the indicated individual local points of one-time impulse meetings with the corresponding sequence the number of vertices of 85 cutting grains 7 on the specified calculated trajectory in the form of an Archimedes spiral as a function of the speed of rotation of the producing tool surface 6 of the grinding wheel of the cutting tool 5. Moreover, according to the RF Patent N 2047473, when the corresponding discreteness values are formed on the coordinate axes as a function of the control program, most of the value each discreteness at the base frequency approximately forms a trajectory with a given sequence of individual local points on the processed surface, and the other, a small part of the magnitude of this discreteness, corrects in real time the movement of the same executive body of machine 1 and, at the same time, it is formed by the algebraic addition of constant values of the minimum discreteness of the mesoscale level, comparable with the value of R _z , at frequencies exceeding the base frequency. Thus, it is possible to increase the range of discreteness of displacement of the executive organs of the machine by each unit of the control pulse by several decimal orders, as well as to increase the accuracy of processing any value of discreteness in the mentioned range no more coarsely than the value of R _z , for example, equal to 0.05 μm.

For stable control of a defect-free process of size-controlled micro grinding independently of each individual of five simultaneously processed products 11 based on the test identification of the parameters of each of the five simultaneously operating elastic processing systems 2, as well as on the basis of technological diagnostics of the state of these parameters, the structural and technical solutions of the drive 14 allow consider the following conditions:
- mismatch between the individual simultaneously processed products 11 values of the initial allowance for processing, as well as the mismatch of the anisotropy of the mechanical characteristics of the material of the processed surfaces of the products 11;
- non-stationary cutting characteristics of the producing tool surface 6 of each cutting tool 5, 167 and 168;
- reduction of potential energy and the static component of elastic deformation in each autonomous elastic processing system 2 as the allowance is removed respectively from each processed product when approaching the finished size so that the size of the different sizes between the five simultaneously processed products does not exceed a predetermined value (for example, 0, 06 mm for "jewelry" products, or for example, 0.1 microns for medical products);
- equality to zero of the time derivative of the increment of potential energy and, therefore, the largest static component of elastic deformations in each autonomously functioning elastic processing system 2 at the time of the appearance of self-oscillations of the dynamic component of elastic deformations (at the moment identifying the appearance of many single plastically deformed shavings as a result of the onset of defect-free micro cutting);
- a single law for all five simultaneously operating autonomous elastic processing systems of the law of change in the intensity of removal of stock from one to another longitudinal passage during test identification of the elastic parameters of each of these systems in real-time processing based on the use of a computer in system 16 of numerical program control;
- the implementation of the mortise feed from passage to passage (at points of reverse direction of longitudinal feed) in discrete mode with a resolution of each unit discrete movement at the micro-scale level for each unit of the control pulse.

 The entire set of the above conditions is satisfied by the device used in drive 14, which corresponds to the RF Patent N 342741, in which the expansion of the mortise feed range is ensured by the law of change of the mortise feeds carried out on the smooth surface of the feed cam in the form of a logarithmic spiral driven into rotation by a step drive with an adjustable step size.

 The accuracy and rigidity of the location of the rotating producing tool surface 6 relative to the shaping plane (respectively, within 0.1 μm in axial and radial runout, and also 120 N / μm in stiffness of radial and axial bearings) is ensured by the design of the grinding spindle assembly of the tool 4 for cutting tools 5, 167 and 168. Moreover, the motor shaft 76 carries an angular displacement sensor with the number of angular steps equal to 30000. In the specified grinding spindle unit used gas-static radial and axial bearings of the rotating spindle, and the spindle rotation surfaces that determine the accuracy of rotation, as well as its radial and axial stiffness are made of ceramic-metal composite materials with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, providing the ability to maintain the constancy of the radial clearance between the spindle journals and the bearing sleeve equal to 1.5 .. 2 microns on a spindle diameter of 90 mm in the range of 25 speeds from 1000 to 10000 rpm. Such a constructive implementation of the grinding spindle unit is carried out on the basis of the use of RF Patent N 2019384, according to which the specified diameters of the necks of the grinding spindle necks are provided as a result of processing on a circular grinding machine with adjustment and adaptive control of the elastic technological system. The essence of the processing method according to RF Patent N 2019384 is that the amount of allowance for finishing along the entire length of the spindle reinforced with the specified ceramic-metal composite material is formed at the stage of roughing with row-wise mortise round grinding with the mortise feed rate on each i-th line, proceeding, firstly, from the condition that the values of the finishing allowance on each i-th line are equal to the values of the corresponding deformations in the elastic technological system at the end of the roughing stage, and, secondly, converging conditions of removal finishing allowance for longitudinal cylindrical grinding mode "sparking" at least one part relative longitudinal stroke of the grinding wheel. Moreover, the sequential line-by-line formation of the specified size of the allowance for finishing on a circular grinding machine is carried out according to the adaptive control of the mortise grinding process in accordance with RF Patent N 779052, according to which, after reaching a steady state cutting mode at the stage of rough surface treatment, the elastic deformation is measured in the processing system of the circular grinding machine and establish an allowance for finishing determined by multiplying the measured value of the elastic strain The ratio of the difference between the rates of pick-up at the rough and at the end of the finishing stages to the speed of pick-up at the rough stage of processing.

 A design feature of the operational monitoring system 110 and the multi-channel digital piezoelectric actuator 136 is that the sensor 35 is a common element in the specified multi-channel operational monitoring system 110 and in the specified multi-channel digital piezoelectric actuator 136. Structurally, the sensor 35 is made similar to the device used in the table with a piezoelectric drive (K. Mitsutani, T. Kawako, I. Tanaka "Table with a piezoelectric drive and its use for micro grinding of ceramic materials ialov ". Precision Engineering N 4, 1991, S. 219-226). At the same time, bearings are located on the supporting surfaces 129 of the cradle housing 128, closing the static and dynamic components of the micro cutting forces without interrupting the elastic contact in the axial (along the coordinate axis B) direction to the end surface 166 of each spindle in any angular position when rotating around coordinate axis B in the device 10 for mounting the workpiece 11. In this case, each spindle with its end surface 166 is supported by a piezoelectric force sensor (piezoelectric transducer) 35, which fixes a change in the component of the cutting force along the coordinate axis B and converts the changes in compressive stresses into an electric current voltage. The force sensor (piezoelectric transducer) 35 has a high speed and sensitivity sufficient to record the dynamics of the discrete process of the periodic simultaneous (synchronous) separation of many single chips. Structurally, the specified piezoelectric transducer 35 is built into the screw 162 of the specified thrust bearing and it consists of four piezoceramic plates placed in pairs and connected by a differential circuit. The outer plates of the piezoelectric plates are connected together and connected to the housing. In this case, the sensor is not isolated from the housing. The central terminals of each pair form two signal outputs. A copper foil 0.05 mm thick is used as a compound.

 To create a reliable electrical contact when bonding all the sensor elements with ED-5 glue, the foil is perforated on both sides, while sharp burrs are formed on the surface of the foil, which provide a reliable electrical contact in the adhesive joint. The amplitude range of the recorded signals is from 0.001 to 10 volts. The frequency range of the recorded signals is from 10 Hz to 1.5 MHz. When using the specified piezoelectric transducer in the sensor 35 as a drive for linear movement of the spindle along the B axis within the elastic deformations between the rolling bodies in angular contact bearings 131, the range of the amplitude of change (increasing the width of the piezoelectric element) is from 0.001 to 15 μm in the frequency range from 10 Hz up to 1.5 MHz.

 The composition of the means 16 of numerical control 25 includes an industrial personal computer that serves to directly control the formative movements of the executive bodies of the machine 1, including the movements of the support 8 relative to the bed 3 along the coordinate axes X 'and Y, the movements of the table 9 relative to the support 8 along the coordinate the X axis, by rotating the cradle housing 128 together with the interchangeable cartridge 130 about the coordinate axis A, and also by turning the spindles in the interchangeable cartridge 130 about the coordinate axis B in the lenii 10 for fastening workpieces 11.

In addition, the industrial personal computer of the system 16 for numerical control of the machine 1 is used to identify in real time at the preliminary stage of processing the physical parameters of a defect-free size-controlled micro grinding process for each j-th of five simultaneously processed products 11. The modes of the steady-state process are determined by these parameters when removing the main part of the allowance. In particular, on the basis of these modes, technological diagnostics (real-time identification) of the actual state of the elastic parameters of each j-th of five simultaneously functioning elastic processing systems 2 is carried out, as well as direct control of additional ordered technological influences of each given cutting grain top 85 7 of each given protrusion 86 of the producing tool surface 6 for each given local point on the site with an area A _j limited by the specified diameter d _fAj , the contact spots of each j-th of five simultaneously processed products 11 with the producing tool surface 6. In this case, additional interconnected movements of the drives 12, 13, 14 and 15 with the digital piezoelectric drive 136 are controlled to ensure regularity (in time and space) the effect of the micro-scale level on the process of gradual accumulation of fatigue to the reciprocating deformation modes at the boundaries between the individual meso-structural cells scale level (by mesovolumes) by means of self-organizing synchronous formation on the plastically deformable surfaces of each j-out of five simultaneously processed products 11 unitary cellular structures with periodic (during one period of self-oscillation of the dynamic component of elastic deformation) simultaneous removal from each indicated contact area of a macroscale level of a multitude of single plastically deformed chips with linear dimensions of each of them, for example, equal to R _z = 0,05 microns resulting dnovremennoy shear stability loss at the interface between all these mesovolume on said contact patch area.

For the implementation of the specified ordered additional technological impact in the process of size-controlled defect-free micro grinding interconnect, for example, coordinate movements in the XY shaping plane of all five simultaneously processed
articles 11 with respect to a producing tool surface 6 rotating at a speed of 3000 rpm at a diameter of 250 mm and having 30,000 axisymmetric radial protrusions 86 on the end surface. This relationship is carried out on the mathematical principle that describes the kinematics of the abrasive processing device according to RF Patent N 1281385, which provides summation of two rotational movements as a function of the speed of rotation of the grinding wheel with a varying amount of eccentricity so that the path is plane-parallel the first movement of each vertex 7 of the cutting grain 85 did not repeat itself during each one period equal to the period of self-oscillations of the dynamic component of elastic deformations in the processing system on each individual of the five simultaneously processed products 11. Moreover, during each one such period, the value of the specified controlled eccentricity is changed from zero to half the specified diameter d _fAk , limiting the area A _{k of the} indicated area of the contact spot of the surface of the hardest k-th of five at the same time processed products 11 with a producing tool surface 6.

At the end of each one such periodic ordered additional technological impact, the computer of the device 16 of the numerical program control system of machine tool 1 controls the periodic discrete movement of all processed products 11 simultaneously along the calculated trajectory touching all of its points on the rotating producing tool surface 6, with a discrete step numerically equal to diameter d _{ФAk of the} area of the contact spot of the hardest k-th product 11 with a manufacturing tool surface 6.

In addition, by computer control carry out:
- the simultaneity of each beginning of the periodic ordered technological impact for all five simultaneously processed products 11;
- determination of the step of discreteness S and synchronization of the implementation of additional mortise feed from a digital piezoelectric drive 136 autonomously of each of the five simultaneously processed products 11 during a periodic ordered pulsed technological impact on the processed surfaces of these products;
- determination of periodic displacements of the mesoscale level, numerically equal to the microroughness R _z = 0.05 μm on the finished surface, in the direction of the coordinate axis Z of the machine 1 from the drive 14 at the end of the time of each one cycle of the periodic ordered pulsed technological influence, determined by the time of each one period self-oscillations of the dynamic component of the elastic deformations of the processing system 2 when processing the hardest k-th of five simultaneously processed products li 11;
- a change in the direction of simultaneous longitudinal movement of the indicated contact spots of each of the five simultaneously processed products 11 along the calculated trajectory touching all of its points on the rotating producing tool surface 6 at the end points of this trajectory over a length of 27.5 mm.

At the preliminary stage of processing the functions of the computer in the system 16 for numerical program control of the machine 1 include:
- test identification of the elastic parameters independently of each of the five simultaneously operating elastic processing systems 2 (corresponding to the number of simultaneously processed products 11);
- dimensional adjustment of each autonomous elastic processing system 2 (of five simultaneously operating) in each longitudinal aisle during the processing of each individual of five simultaneously processed products 11 based on the elastic parameters identified in real time by test methods in the corresponding elastic processing system 2;
- calculation of the drive control program 12, 13, 14, 15, 30, 124 and 125 to change the input parameters of the stock removal rate as a function of time (number of longitudinal passes) for each of the five simultaneously processed products 11 to carry out test identification of these parameters;
- combining in real time the processing of the drive control functions along the coordinate axes X, Y, Z, A and B depending on the angular position of each given vertex 85 of the cutting grain 7 on each radial protrusion 86 of the producing tool surface 6 and the rotation speed of the cutting tool 5 s the functions of fixing, memorizing, mathematical analysis of information about changes in the cutting power parameters during the implementation of the test law for changing the intensity of stock removal from passage to passage;
- identification of the interval, time T (time constant of the transient processes of cutting), integrally characterizing the parameters of elasticity autonomously in each of the five simultaneously operating elastic processing systems 2 in the presence of simultaneous coincidence of two events determined by the results of the corresponding computational operations accompanying the process of micro cutting in real time , one of which fixes the serial number of the longitudinal passage, on which the moment of occurrence is mathematically determined oscillations of the dynamic component of elastic deformation in any of the five simultaneously acting elastic processing systems 2, and other computational operations determine the derivative of the change from the passage to the passage of the static component of elastic deformation autonomously in each of the five simultaneously acting elastic processing systems 2 with fixing the serial number of the longitudinal passage (and hence the time interval T), at which the specified derivative becomes equal to zero in the same elastic th processing system 2 of the five simultaneously operating;
- bringing the actual difference in the dimensional adjustment between individual autonomous elastic processing systems 2 out of five simultaneously operating to a predetermined (permissible) value by adjusting the specified elasticity parameters (time interval T) with a corresponding change in the rotation speed of the producing tool surface 6;
- sequential (autonomous for each of the five simultaneously processed products) parameter determination and drive control programs 12, 13, 14, 15, 124 and 125, as well as direct control of the multi-channel signal recorder 113 and multi-channel digital piezoelectric drive 136 during the implementation of a steady defect-free controlled micro-grinding process under conditions of additional ordered technological impact by the elastic parameters of the processing system independently on each of ti workpieces simultaneously with the actual elastic parameters (through the identification of the time interval T) in the respective elastic processing system 2.

 To implement quick identification of the time interval T autonomously in each of the five simultaneously operating elastic processing systems 2 based on the use of a computer in the system 16 for numerical program control of machine 1, methods are used, for example, used in the adaptive control method in accordance with RF Patent N 878540. At the same time, to determine the parameters of the dimensional settings of each autonomous of five simultaneously operating elastic processing systems 2, for example, use the adapt active control in accordance with the RF Patent N 779052, and control the parameters of the intensity of stock removal allowance, for example, is carried out by the adaptive control method in accordance with the RF Patent N 722746. If necessary, adjust the elastic parameters in five independently functioning elastic processing systems in order to bring the difference in dimensional adjustment of these systems relative to each other to a nominally set (permissible) value, for example, the adaptive control method is multi-instrumental grinding in accordance with Patent of the RF N 1302572, according to which said interval of time T is corrected corresponding change in the rotational speed of the generating tool surface 6.

 To ensure the movement of the table 9 in the direction of the coordinate axis X of the machine 1 in a stationary section of movement at a speed of 75 mm / s and with a resolution of 0.05 μm, the largest frequency of the impact pulses on the motor 30 of the drive 12 is set to 100000 imp / s, and also set the highest frequency control pulses to the motor 31 of the drive 12 equal to 14000 imp / sec. The use of stepper motors of the DShI type in drives 12, 13, 14, for example, from the point of view of their dynamic qualities, makes it possible to provide “acceleration + braking” time for motors 30, 31, 32, 33, and 63 at points of reverse direction of longitudinal feed along the X axis from “zero” to the corresponding maximum value in 0.106621 (3) seconds.

 The number of 30 operating impulses processed by engines at frequencies in the range from 0 to 100000 1 / sec as a function of direct counting of control impulses at a constant frequency of 1500000 1 / sec is determined by the computer of system 16 for numerical control of computational operations when solving linear interpolation equations for preset laws of the stages of "acceleration" and "braking" during the reciprocating movement of the table 9 relative to the support 8 along the coordinate axis X, as well as during the reciprocating movement the caliper 8 relative to the bed 3 along the coordinate axes Y and X '. At the same time, during the time 0.055317 sec (which corresponds to 79755 control pulses), the stage of “acceleration” is carried out, that is, the repetition rate of the acting pulses is from 0 to 100000 1 / sec (which corresponds to a change in the linear speed of movement from 0 to 5 mm / sec) . Moreover, the total number of such impacting pulses is 2666 (which corresponds to 0.1333 mm of linear displacement).

 Similarly, the number of acting pulses processed by engines 31 and 33 at frequencies in the range from 0 to 14000 1 / s as a function of direct counting of control pulses at a constant frequency of 1500000 1 / s is determined by the computer of the system 16 for numerical control of computational operations when solving linear interpolation equations for preset laws of the stages of "acceleration" and "braking" during the reciprocating movement of the table 9 relative to the support 8 along the coordinate axis X, as well as when the reciprocating the relative movement of the caliper 8 relative to the bed 3 along the coordinate axis Y. At the same time, during the 0.055317 sec (which corresponds to 79755 control pulses), the stage of "acceleration" is carried out, that is, the repetition rate of the acting pulses from 0 to 14000 1 / sec (which corresponds to a change in the linear velocity of movement from 0 to 70 mm / s), and the total number of such acting pulses is 373 (which corresponds to 1.865 mm).

 Thus, “the total number of control pulses at the stage of“ acceleration ”is 79755. The same number of control pulses takes place at the stage of“ braking. ”The total length of the section of“ acceleration ”equal to the length of the section of“ braking ”is 1.9983 mm. The length of the stationary section along the X axis is 27.5 - 2 · 1.9983 = 23.5034 mm.

 The total number of control pulses in a stationary micro grinding section is 470068 imp. Given the areas of "acceleration" and "braking", the total number of control pulses for each one cycle of the longitudinal passage of the table 9 relative to the support 8 along the coordinate axis X of the machine 1 from one reverse point to another is: (470068 + 2 · 79966) = 630000 pulses.

 For each one cycle of the longitudinal passage of the table 9, the producing tool surface 6 will carry out 21 turns (630000 - 30000). The time of one such cycle is 0.42 sec = (21 · 60) / 3000, and the average speed of movement of the table 9 along the coordinate axis X is 65.476 mm / sec.

Start processing by giving the command "start cycle" to the system 16 of numerical program control of machine 1. At the moment that coincides with the beginning of the movement of table 9 relative to the support 8 in the plus direction along the coordinate axis X, a discrete mortise macro feed in the direction of the coordinate axis Z a value of -0.7 (3) μm due to the discrete movement of the caliper 8 along the inclined guides of the bed 3 along the coordinate axis X 'by a value of 7, (3) μm (in the direction of lifting "uphill"). In this case, table 9 during the acceleration time t _p = 0.055317 sec will move from the coordinate X ₀ = -67.95 mm to the coordinate X ₁ = -65.9517 mm due to the fact that during this time in the direct counting mode of each control pulse with a total of 79755 drive 12 as a result of linear interpolation will carry out the total angular rotation of the shaft of the stepper motor 30 to 2666 angular discrete, as well as carry out the rotation of the shaft of the stepper motor 31 to 373 angular discrete. Starting from the 79756th and the 470490th control pulses, the uniform frequency of the angular discreteness of the shaft of the stepper motor 31 will be determined by the uniform frequency of the impact pulses, determined by a uniform countdown every 107 missed control pulses. In this case, the total number of pulses acting on the stepper motor for this period will be 4397. A feature of controlling the stepper motor 30 is the uneven counting of the number of missed control pulses, and therefore the uneven frequency of the angular discontinuities of the shaft of the stepper motor 30. For example, starting from the 79756th control pulse, the first two 30 pulses acting on the stepper motor will follow every 15 missed control pulses (i.e., on the 79770th and 79785th control pulses), the third the activating pulse will follow after the 16th missed control pulse (i.e., on the 79801th control pulse), then the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th pulses acting on the stepper motor 30 will follow every 15 missed control pulses. The eighth impact pulse will again follow after the 16th missed control pulse (i.e., at the 79877th control pulse). And so on, the total number of pulses acting on the stepper motor will be 31366 units (during direct counting, starting from 79756 and up to 470490-th control pulses). This principle of motion control allows you to provide a deviation from the accuracy of the coordinate location of the moving object at each given point in time along the entire length of the movement (equal to 27.5 mm) within the same angular resolution of the stepper motor 30 of the drive 12, which is equivalent to 0.05 μm linear movement of the table 9 along the coordinate axis X. After 0.42 seconds from the start of the cycle (or at the end of the 21st revolution of the producing tool surface), table 9 with respect to the support 8 along the coordinate axis X will take e coinciding with the reversal point equal to - 40.45 mm. During the first longitudinal passage, the piezoelectric sensor 35, abutting through the cap 164 to the spherical end surface 166 of the spindle of the tool 10 for fastening the workpiece 11, registers the moment of contact of the rotating producing tool surface 6 with the workpiece surface 11, conditionally having the serial number "first" of five simultaneously processed products. Moreover, after every 16444 control pulses, the cutting force of the "first" product is interrogated and stored in the computer 16 of the numerical program control system according to the readings of the corresponding piezoelectric force sensor 35. During the cycle of the first longitudinal passage equal to 0.42 sec, the number of such measurements (polls) will be 38 times. At the end of the first longitudinal passage for a time of 0.011 (16444 + 1500000) sec, the computer of the numerical program control system 16 determines (calculates) the average value of the cutting force equal to 0.03 kgf and establishes the fact that there is no repeatability of the actual cutting force, measured at the points of interrogation of the force sensor 35, the average value of this cutting force for the entire time of the first longitudinal passage. In the extreme "right" position of the reverse longitudinal movement of the table 9 relative to the support 8, a discrete cut-in feed is made in the direction of the coordinate axis Z by -0.7299722 μm by the corresponding discrete movement of the support 8 "uphill" along the inclined guides of the bed 3 along the coordinate axis X ' -7.29972 μm. In the same extreme “right” position, the reverse of the longitudinal movement of the table 9 reverses the direction of the longitudinal movement of the table 9 in the opposite direction and continues to process simultaneously all five products 11 in the second longitudinal passage. At the same time, the fact of the contact time of the “second” of five simultaneously processed products with a rotating producing tool surface 6 is recorded. Similarly to the first longitudinal pass through every 16444 control pulses, the cutting force on the products with the first and second numbers of five simultaneously processed products is interrogated and stored in a computer 11. During the cycle time of the second longitudinal passage, equal to 0.42 sec, the number of measurements of the cutting force from the piezoelectric force sensors 35 when processing products N 1 and N 2 from p ti be simultaneously processed 38 times. At the end of the second longitudinal passage for a time equal to 0.011 (16444 + 1500000) s, the computer of the system 16 of numerical program control calculates the average value of the cutting force on the product N 1 equal to 0.06 kgf and on the product N 2 equal 0.03 kgf . In this case, the fact of the lack of repeatability of the actual cutting force, measured at the polling points of the corresponding force sensors 35, the average calculated value of the cutting force for the entire time of the second longitudinal passage is established. And so on, processing continues from one longitudinal passage of table 9 to another. In this case, sequentially fix the serial numbers of the longitudinal passage of the table 9, inside which there is a fact of the moment of touching the producing tool surface with the machined surfaces, respectively, of each individual 3rd, 4th and 5th of five simultaneously processed products 11. In the course of further processing autonomously in each of the five simultaneously involved electrical circuits of the operational monitoring system 110 and, accordingly, in each of the five piezoelectric force sensors 35, there is a transformation and Menenius cutting force P _i into corresponding changes in electrical voltage, which after normalizing voltage amplifiers 36 and analogue-digital converters 37 in digital form is fed to the respective inputs 111 of memory devices 114 operating multichannel digital signal recorder 113.

The current information in each longitudinal passage on the amplitude and frequency of changes of the static and dynamic components of the cutting force in each autonomously functioning elastic processing system 2 is stored in random access memory 114 corresponding to each processed product 11. In a divided time (coinciding with the reversal time of the direction of longitudinal movement) on command from the control unit 119 using a pulse generator 115 and a pulse counter 116, built into a multi-channel digital signal generator 113, sequentially decrypt the information recorded during the previous longitudinal passage on the actual frequencies and oscillation amplitudes of the static and dynamic components of the cutting force, respectively, in each elastic processing system 2 of each of the five simultaneously processed products 11. Then, the results of these decryptions through the communication interface 112 digitally enter the computer means of numerical control 16, in which they are analyzed by numerical methods independently of each elastic processing system, 2 out of five simultaneously acting to fix for each of them the moment of the start of the self-oscillatory nature of changes in the dynamic component of the cutting force, as well as the moment the derivative of the static component of the cutting force is equal to zero. For example, they establish the first fact that there is a self-oscillatory nature of changes in the dynamic component of the cutting force (according to the equality of the actual value of the cutting force at each individual measurement point along the longitudinal trajectory with the arithmetic mean value of this parameter over the entire length of the longitudinal trajectory), and also establish the fact that the static increment is zero component of the cutting force in an elastic processing system with a product N 1 on the 50th longitudinal passage of the table 9 along the coordinate axis X of machine 1. At this point in the processing, the computer of the numerical program control means 16 will record the ratio between the static component P _c1 and the double amplitude of the dynamic component of the cutting force P _d1 equal to 241.8 times and the frequency of the dynamic component of the cutting force P _d1 equal to 37 4 1 / s Moreover, it follows from computer calculations that the time constant T _{1 of the} transients of cutting in this elastic processing system is 6.47 sec. As a result of the identification of the parameter T ₁ , the computing operations of the specified computer for an elastic processing system with a product N 1 determine:
- the total value of the static component of elastic strains equal to 12.08862 = 0.7 (3) · q ₀ ⁴⁹ · (6.47 + 23.5034) · 75 (μm);
- the double amplitude of the dynamic component of elastic strains equal to 0.05 = 12.08862 + 241.8 (μm);
- the total amount of displacement along the coordinate axis Z equal to 32.25 = 0.7 (3) · (1-q ₀ ⁴⁹ ) + (1-q ₀ ) (μm), where q ₀ = 0.995417;
- the total stock removal during the output of the elastic processing system with the product No. 1 at a steady size-controlled micro grinding mode, equal to 20.1614 = 32.25-12.0886 (μm);
- the number of reciprocating modes of plastic deformation of the surface of the processed crystal, equal to 40141, with uniform removal in a steady discrete mode (in the form of separate portions) of many single plastically deformed chips with dimensions of 0.05 μm (with an equal number of such chips in 30 of each specified portion ) as a result of the synchronous accumulation of fatigue to the reciprocating modes of plastic deformation at the boundaries between the individual structural cells of the deformable surface with linear dimensions cells 0.05 microns;
- the value of the additional cut-in feed from the digital multi-channel piezoelectric actuator 136 for impact at the micro-scale level in the form of shear stress micro-concentrators at each point of successive one-time impulse meetings along the spatial path of each given local point from the sequence of such points on the surface to be machined with each corresponding vertex 7 of the cutting grain 85 from the sequence of such vertices on the indicated calculated trajectory in the form of a spiral of Archimedes n rotating a generating tool surface 6. In this case the increment said additional infeed from point to point in said sequence of pulse disposable meetings is 12.45 × 10 ^-7 mm / pulse.

They continue to process according to the same law of changing the discrete cut-in feed and establish the second fact of the presence of a self-oscillating nature of the dynamic component of the cutting force (by the equality of the actual value of the cutting force P at each individual measurement point on the longitudinal movement path to the arithmetic mean value of the parameter taken along the entire length of the longitudinal movement path ), and also establish the fact that the increment of the static component of the cutting force in the elastic processing system with Cereal N 2 at the 70th passage longitudinally (relative to the 69 th passage longitudinal) section 9 in relation to a support 8 along the coordinate axis X of the machine 1. At this point, the processing means of the computer numerical control 16 fixes the value of the ratio between the static component P _c2 and double amplitude dynamic component of the cutting force P _q2 equal to 583.7 times, and the frequency of the dynamic component of the cutting force P ₂ equal to 34.09 1 / s. Moreover, from the calculations of the computer it follows that the time constant T ₂ transients of cutting (delay time) in an elastic processing system with product N 2 is equal to 17.124 sec. As a result of the identification of the parameter T ₂ , the computing operations of the specified computer for an elastic processing system with product N 2 determine:
- the static component of elastic deformation equal to 29.18608 = 0.7 (3) · 0.99541 (6) ⁶⁹ · ((17.124 · 75) + 23.50345) μm;
- the double amplitude of the dynamic component of the elastic strain, which is 0.05 = 29.18608 + 583.7 μm;
- the total displacement along the coordinate axis Z, which is 43.4644 = (0.7 (3) · [1-0.99541 (6) ⁶⁹ ]) + (1-0.99541 (6)) μm;
- the total stock removal during the output of the elastic processing system with the product N 2 to the size-controlled micro grinding mode, equal to 14.27832 = 43.4644 - 29.18608 microns;
- the number of reciprocating modes of plastic deformation of the surface of the processed crystal, equal to 44004 with uniform removal in a steady discrete mode (in the form of separate portions) of many single plastically deformed chips with sizes of 0.05 μm (with an equal number of such chips in each specified portion) in the result of synchronous accumulation of fatigue to the reciprocating modes of plastic deformation at the boundaries between individual structural cells with linear dimensions of 0.05 μm deformable over spine;
- the value of the additional cut-in feed from the digital multi-channel piezoelectric drive 136 for impact at the micro-scale level in the form of separate shear stress micro-concentrators at each point of successive one-time impulse meetings along the spatial path of each given local point from the sequence of such points on the surface to be machined with each corresponding cutting grain top 85 7 from a sequence of such vertices on a specified calculated trajectory in the form of a spiral rhimeda generating a rotating tool surface 6. In this case, the increment of said additional infeed from point to point in said sequence of pulse disposable meetings is 11.36 × 10 ^-7 mm / pulse.

In addition, during processing from one longitudinal passage to another between the 51st and 70th longitudinal passes by computational operations in the specified computer, the numerical control means 16 continuously determine changes in the dimensional settings of the elastic processing system of the machine with product No. 1. In this case, the final changes on the 70th longitudinal aisle are:
- reducing the size of the mortise feed at the reverse points of the longitudinal movement of the table 9 along the X axis from 0.5855 to 0.5341 microns;
- an increase in the total amount of stock removal from 20.1614 to 31.3758 microns;
- reducing the stroke length of the table in the area of operation of the additional mortise feed from the digital piezoelectric drive 136 from 23503.4 to 21440.2 μm.

 Moreover, the law of decreasing from aisle to aisle both the size of the mortise feed and the decrease in the indicated table stroke length at the site of the additional mortise feed are identical to each other and are infinitely decreasing geometric progression with the denominator of the series q = 0.99541 (6).

They continue to process according to the same law of changing the discrete cut-in feed and by analogy with the first two facts and establish the fact that on the 98th longitudinal pass in the elastic processing system with product No. 3 there are self-oscillations of the dynamic component P _d3 , as well as the fact of equality to zero increments of the static component of the cutting force P _c3 with respect to the 97th longitudinal passage of the table 9 along the coordinate axis X of the machine 1.

Similarly, the first two cases specified fixed value of the ratio between the static P _c3 and double amplitude dynamic component of the cutting force P _e3 equal to 818.787 times and frequency dynamic leaving the cutting force P _e3 equal fixed 29.973 1 / s. While computing operations in a computer identify the time constant T ₃ transients of cutting (delay time) in an elastic processing system with a product N 3 equal to 27.317 seconds while computing operations of a computer system 16 of numerical program control also identify the following parameters:
- the static component of elastic deformation in the processing system with the product N 3 equal to
40.9394 = 0.7 (3) · 0.99541 (6) ⁹⁷ · ((27.317 · 75) + 23.5034) μm;
- double amplitude of the dynamic component of self-oscillations in an elastic processing system with a product N 3 equal to
0.05 = 40.9394 + 818.787 μm;
- the total movement of the processed products 11 to the producing tool surface 6 along the coordinate axis Z, equal to
57.53016 = (0.7 (3) · [1-0.99541 (6) ⁹⁷ ]) + (1-0.99541 (6)) μm;
- the total removal of allowance for the period when the elastic processing system with the product No. 3 reaches the size-controlled micro grinding mode, equal to 16.5908 = 57.53016-40.9394 microns;
- the number of reciprocating modes of plastic deformation during the period of accumulation of fatigue to such deformations for periodic discrete formation of individual batches from a plurality of single plastically deformed chips, equal to 50044 = (1500000 + 29.973) units in each individual such portion;
- the increment value of the additional mortise feed from the digital multi-channel piezoelectric drive 136 from each previous to each subsequent point - one-time impulse meetings along the spatial path of each given local point from a sequence of such points on the surface to be processed with each corresponding vertex 7 of the cutting grain 85 from the sequence of such vertices on said calculated trajectory in the form of an Archimedes spiral on a rotating generating tool surface 6, which is 10 × 10 ^-7 mm / pulse.

In addition, in the process of processing between the 70th and 98th longitudinal passes by continuous computing operations in the specified computer, the numerical control means 16 determine the following changes in the dimensional adjustment parameters independently in each of the elastic processing systems with both product No. 1 and product N 2. In this case, the final changes on the 98th longitudinal passage are:
- reducing the size of the mortise feed at the reverse points of the direction of longitudinal movement of the table along the coordinate axis X for product N 1 and for product N 2 from 0.5341 to 0.4697 μm;
- an increase in the total amount of stock removal, respectively, from item N 1 from 31.3758 to 45.4415 microns, and from item N 2 from 14.2783 to 28.3441 microns; reducing the stroke of the table 9 in the area of operation of the additional mortise feed from the digital multi-channel piezoelectric drive 136, respectively, for the product N 1 from 21440.2 to 18852.4 μm and for the product N 2 from 23503.4 to 20666.6 μm. Moreover, the law of reduction from aisle to aisle of both mortise feed and decrease of the table stroke length at the site of the action of the additional mortise feed is identical to each other and is an infinitely decreasing geometric progression with the denominator of the series q = 0.99541 (6).

They continue to process according to the same law of changing the discrete mortise feed and, by analogy with the above three facts, establish the fact of the presence of self-oscillations of the dynamic components of the cutting forces P _d4 and P _d5 on the 143rd longitudinal aisle in elastic processing systems with articles N 4 and N 5, and also fact vanishing increments static components of cutting forces P and P _{c4 c5} with respect to the 142-th longitudinal section 9 extend along the coordinate axis X. similar to the above cases fixed size relationship between the static and P _s4,5 war amplitude dynamic component of the cutting force P _d4,5 1062.79 equal times, and the frequency of the dynamic component (oscillations) of the cutting force P equal _d4,5 fixed 24.376 1 / s. In this case, by means of computational operations in a computer, the numerical control means 16 identify a time constant T _{4,5 of} transient cutting processes (delay time) in elastic processing systems, respectively, with articles N 4 and N 5 equal to 43.6 sec. The computational operations of the specified computer also identify the following parameters:
- the static component of elastic deformation in elastic processing systems, respectively, with products N 4 and N 5
53.139235 = 0.7 (3) · 0.99541 (6) ¹⁴² · ((43.6 · 75) + 23.5034) μm;
- double amplitude of the dynamic component of self-oscillations in elastic processing systems with products N 4 and N 5 equal to
0.05 = 53.139235 + 1062.79 microns;
- the total movement of the processed products 11 to the producing tool surface 6 along the Z coordinate axis, equal to 76.667 = (0.7 (3) · [1-0.99541 (6) ¹⁴² ]) + (1-0.99541 (6)) microns;
- the total removal of allowance for the period when the elastic processing systems with products N 4 and N 5 reach the size-controlled micro grinding mode, equal to 23.528 = 76.667 - 53.139 microns;
- the number of reciprocating modes of plastic deformation in a size-controlled micro grinding mode for the periodic (discrete) formation of individual batches from a plurality of single plastically deformed chips, equal to 61536 = (1500000 + 24.376) units in each individual such portion;
- the increment value of the additional mortise feed from the digital multi-channel piezoelectric drive 136 to each successive pulsed action of the top 7 of each cutting grain 85 for each given local point of the treated surface, which is 8.12 · 10 ^-7 μm / imp. In addition, during processing between the 98th and 143rd longitudinal passes by continuous computational operations in the indicated computer of the numerical program control means 16, the following changes in the dimensional adjustment parameters were determined autonomously in each of their elastic processing systems with articles N 1, N 2 and N 3 At the same time, the final changes on the 143rd longitudinal passage are:
- reducing the size of the mortise feed, at the reverse points of the direction of longitudinal movement of the table along the coordinate axis X for products N 1, N 2 and N 3 from 0.4697 to 0.38194 microns;
- an increase in the total amount of stock removal respectively from item N 1 from 45.4415 to 64.5784 microns, from item N 2 from 28.3441 to 47.481 microns and from item N 3 from 16.591 to 35.728 microns;
- reducing the stroke length of the table 9 in the area of operation of the additional mortise feed from the digital piezoelectric actuator 136, respectively, for product No. 1 from 18852.4 to 15331.6 μm, for product No. 2 from 20666.6 to 16806.95 μm, and for product No. 3 from 23503.4 to 19114.0 microns.

 Moreover, the law of decreasing from aisle to aisle of both mortise feed and decrease in the stroke length of table 9 at the site of action of the additional mortise feed is identical to each other and is an infinitely decreasing geometric progression with the denominator of the series q = 0.99541 (6).

 Thus, the total time of the identification stage of the elastic parameters independently of each of the five simultaneously operating elastic processing systems while simultaneously processing hard-structured and brittle materials with anisotropic mechanical characteristics of five products simultaneously is 60.06 = (630000 · 143 + 1500000) sec.

In the computer of the numerical control device 16, the parameters of the ordered dynamic effect are calculated by the regimes of the intensity of stock removal for each of the five simultaneously acting elastic processing systems for the stable implementation of dimensionally adjustable defect-free micro grinding of each particular of the five simultaneously processed products 11 taking into account the actual anisotropic characteristics of each of the independently them. In doing so, proceed from the following conditions:
- each periodic synchronous formation and simultaneous layer-by-layer removal of a plurality of individual plastically deformed shavings from the machined surfaces of each of the products 11 is carried out from sites identical to each other in terms of the surface area of the macro-scale level, in the configuration of the outlines of the boundaries of these sites, in the thickness of the micro-scale layer equal to the linear unit plastically deformed shavings and the value of microroughness R _z = 0.05 μm on the surface of the finished product;
- the identity of the number of individual plastically deformed chips in each specified set with the number of reciprocating modes of plastic deformation during each one period of self-oscillations of the dynamic component of elastic deformation in the corresponding processing system 2.

Руководствуются указанными правилами в компьютере средства 16 числового программного управления станком 1 вычисляют автономно для каждого из 5-ти одновременно обрабатываемых изделий 11 следующие параметры:
- площадь указанных площадок соответственно для изделия N 1 - 100,3525 мкм²; для изделия N 2 - 110,01 мкм²; для изделия N 3 - 125,11 мкм² и для изделий N 4 и N 5 - 153,84 мкм²;
- диаметры окружностей, ограничивающей площадь указанных площадок, соответственно для изделия N 1 - 11,3 мкм; для изделия N 2 - 11,84 мкм; для изделия N 3 - 12,62 мкм и для изделий N 4 и N 5 - 14,0 мкм;
- скорость продольного перемещения обрабатываемых изделий 11 относительно производящей поверхности 6 в плоскости формообразования вдоль траектории от одного из центров указанных границ окружностей к другому центру по мере послойного дискретного удаления припуска в виде множества единичных пластически деформированных стружек соответственно для изделия N 1 - 422,4 мкм/сек; для изделия N 2 - 403,4 мкм/сек; для изделия N 3 - 378,3 мкм/сек и для изделий N 4 и N 5 - 341,2 мкм/сек;
- величину единичной подачи, общей для всех пяти одновременно обрабатываемых изделий 11, равной 0,382 мкм;
- суммарную величину перемещения в виде дискретных единичных подач всех пяти одновременно обрабатываемых изделий по нормали к плоскости формообразования в положение, соответствующее положению "начала отсчета" вдоль координатной оси Z станка 1, равное 83,(3) мкм для дальнейшего удаления припуска;
- количество циклов последовательного послойного удаления припуска автономно с каждого из пяти одновременно обрабатываемых изделий 11, равное 1667;
- количество единичных подач для всех пяти одновременно обрабатываемых изделий в ходе дальнейшего съема припуска, равное 218;
- суммарная длина траектории продольного перемещения, спроектированная на координатную ось X в плоскости формообразования автономно каждого из пяти одновременно обрабатываемых изделий относительно производящей инструментальной поверхности при последовательном осуществлении 1667 циклов послойного удаления припуска, в том числе для изделия N 1 - 18837,1 мкм; для изделия N 2 - 19737,3 мкм; для изделия N 3 - 21037,5 мкм и для изделий N 4 и N 5 - 23333,35 мкм;
- шаг длины траектории продольного перемещения между двумя "соседними" врезными подачами, равный соответственно для изделия N 1 - 86,41 мкм; для изделия N 2 - 90,54 мкм; для изделия N 3 - 96,5 мкм и для изделий N 4 и N 5 - 107,03 мкм;
- суммарная длина траектории продольного перемещения в плоскости формообразования (оси X-Y) обрабатываемых поверхностей изделий 11 относительно производящей инструментальной поверхности 6 за время одного цикла послойного удаления припуска в виде множества единичных пластически деформированных стружек, соответственно равная для изделия N 1 - 6346,85 мкм; для изделия N 2 - 6957,64 мкм; для изделия N 3 - 7912,65 мкм и для изделий N 4 и N 5 - 9729,7 мкм;
- суммарное время осуществления съема припуска на этапе размерно-регулируемого режима бездефектного микрошлифования, соответственно равное для изделия N 1 - 44,61 сек; для изделия N 2 - 48,9 сек; для изделия N 3 - 55,62 сек и для изделий N 4 и N 5 - 68,39 сек.For example, choose the configuration of the boundaries of these sites in the form of circles. The area of these sites is determined in the form of the sum of individual square-shaped mini-sites with side sizes, each of them at a microscale level equal to R _z = 0.05 μm, and with an amount equal to the number of the specified set of unit plastically deformed chips, synchronously formed and periodically simultaneously removed from the processed surfaces of products 11 during each one period of self-oscillations of the dynamic component of elastic deformation in the corresponding processing system 2. Determine on the specified area of the machined surfaces 11, divided in XY coordinate axes into separate squares with each side dimensions of 0.05 μm, a sequence of local coordinate points of one-time impulse contacts of the indicated microplates with given vertices of 7 cutting grains 85 of the sequence of the calculated trajectory located on the rotating producing tool surface 6. For example, determine the specified sequence of coordinates of local points of the indicated disposable pulse contacts in the form of a spiral, untwisting moving from the center of the indicated boundary circles according to the rule of “knight's move” on a chessboard with the length of a single “move” from one impulse action to another equal to

Guided by the indicated rules in the computer, the means 16 for numerical control of the machine 1 calculate autonomously for each of the 5 simultaneously processed products 11 the following parameters:
- the area of these sites, respectively, for the product N 1 - 100.3525 μm ² ; for product N 2 - 110.01 μm ² ; for product N 3 - 125.11 μm ² and for products N 4 and N 5 - 153.84 μm ² ;
- the diameters of the circles, limiting the area of these sites, respectively, for the product N 1 - 11.3 microns; for product N 2 - 11.84 microns; for product N 3 - 12.62 microns and for products N 4 and N 5 - 14.0 microns;
- the speed of the longitudinal movement of the workpieces 11 relative to the producing surface 6 in the shaping plane along the trajectory from one of the centers of the indicated circle boundaries to another center as a discrete layer-by-layer discrete allowance removal in the form of a plurality of unit plastically deformed chips, respectively, for the product N 1 - 422.4 μm / sec for product N 2 - 403.4 μm / s; for product N 3 - 378.3 μm / s and for products N 4 and N 5 - 341.2 μm / s;
- the value of a single feed, common to all five simultaneously processed products 11, equal to 0.382 microns;
- the total amount of movement in the form of discrete unit feeds of all five simultaneously processed products along the normal to the plane of shaping to a position corresponding to the position of the "reference point" along the coordinate axis Z of machine 1, equal to 83, (3) microns for further removal of stock;
- the number of cycles of sequential layer-by-layer removal of allowance independently from each of the five simultaneously processed products 11, equal to 1667;
- the number of unit feeds for all five simultaneously processed products during further stock removal, equal to 218;
- the total length of the trajectory of longitudinal movement, projected onto the coordinate axis X in the plane of shaping autonomously of each of the five simultaneously processed products relative to the producing tool surface with the sequential implementation of 1667 cycles of layer-by-layer allowance removal, including for product No. 1 - 18837.1 μm; for product N 2 - 19737.3 μm; for product N 3 - 21037.5 microns and for products N 4 and N 5 - 23333.35 microns;
- the step of the length of the trajectory of longitudinal movement between two "adjacent" mortise feeds, respectively equal for product N 1 - 86.41 microns; for product N 2 - 90.54 microns; for product N 3 - 96.5 microns and for products N 4 and N 5 - 107.03 microns;
- the total length of the trajectory of longitudinal movement in the plane of shaping (XY axis) of the machined surfaces of the products 11 relative to the producing tool surface 6 during one cycle of layer-by-layer removal of the allowance in the form of a plurality of single plastically deformed chips, respectively equal for the product N 1 - 6346.85 μm; for product N 2 - 6957.64 microns; for product N 3 - 7912.65 microns and for products N 4 and N 5 - 9729.7 microns;
- the total time for removal of the allowance at the stage of size-controlled regime of defect-free micro grinding, respectively equal to product N 1 - 44.61 sec; for product N 2 - 48.9 sec; for product N 3 - 55.62 sec and for products N 4 and N 5 - 68.39 sec.

From the obtained data, the initial regimes of the intensity of stock removal are assigned, common to all five simultaneously processed products at the stage of size-controlled defect-free micro grinding, including:
- the diameter of the circle limiting the area of the contact area of the producing tool surface 6 with the machined surfaces when processing products N 4 and N 5, equal to 14 microns;
- the speed of longitudinal movement from one contact area to another corresponds to the processing modes for products N 4 and N 5 equal to 341.2 μm / s;
- the value of the mortise feed every 107.03 microns of longitudinal movement equal to 0.382 microns;
- the total number of layered cycles with dimensions of 0.05 μm removal of stock with a total value of 83, (3) μm, equal to 1667;
- the total number of cycles of technological diagnostics of the process of defect-free size-controlled micro grinding, equal to 297;
- the total length of the longitudinal movement of the table 9 relative to the support 8 along the coordinate axis X of the machine 1, equal to 27496 microns;
- the total estimated time of the implementation phase of the stock removal allowance in the mode of size-controlled defect-free micro grinding, equal to 80.571 sec;
- the value of the static component of elastic deformation in each autonomous of five simultaneously functioning processing systems, respectively equal for product N 1 - 12.08862 μm; for product N 2 - 29.1861 microns; for product N 3 - 40.9394 microns and for products N 4 and N 5 - 53.1392 microns;
- the magnitude of the increment of the mortise feed for each pulse action of the peaks 7 of the cutting grains 85 on the surface to be treated, respectively equal to product N 1 - 12.45 · 10 ^-7 μm / imp; for product N 2 - 11.36 · 10 ^-7 μm / imp; for the product N 3 - 10 · 10 ^-7 μm / imp and for the products N 4 and N 5 - 8.12 · 10 ^-7 μm / imp.

 Then carry out the second stage of removal of allowance from the processed products 11 in the conditions of size-adjustable defect-free micro grinding with modes corresponding to the actual parameters of elasticity in the processing systems. At the same time, after every 17 cycles of micro grinding with layer-by-layer (0.05 μm in each layer) removal of the allowance in the form of many single plastically deformed chips (that is, every 0.6974 seconds), a process diagnostic process is carried out for 0.123 seconds, consisting of successive three cycles of micro grinding in the “nursing” mode (that is, without a forced mortise feed for identifying the actual state of elasticity autonomously in each of the five simultaneously acting elastic processing lev els systems).

Здесь индекс "i" - обозначает порядковый номер процесса осуществления технологического диагностирования (с N 1 по N 99),
Δt_i - время одного цикла (равное 0,041 сек), q₀ - знаменатель геометрической прогрессии снижения статической составляющей упругой деформации в обрабатывающей системе от одного цикла (в режиме "выхаживания") к другому такому циклу в процессе осуществления каждого процесса технологического диагностирования. При этом в результате осуществления первого процесса технологического диагностирования компьютерные вычисления фиксируют факт снижения статических составляющих упругих деформаций в обрабатывающих системах соответственно на изделии N 1 с 12,08862 мкм до 11,93985 мкм; на изделии N 2 с 29,18608 мкм до 29,036592 мкм; на изделии N 3 с 40,939353 до 40,789719 мкм и на изделиях N 4 и N 5 с 53,139235 до 52,989502 мкм.For the duration of the process of technological diagnostics, the cut-in supply from the digital multi-channel piezoelectric drive 136 is turned off and the system 34 for the operational control of cutting power parameters with the multi-channel digital signal analyzer 113 is turned on. During the technological diagnosis in the “nursing” mode, the change from one cycle to another is correlated with each other static components of the cutting forces PI, PII, PIII autonomously in each of the five simultaneously operating elastic processing systems and then computer calculations determine the corresponding actual values of the indicated delay times T (that is, the transient cutting time constants), and also determine the sequential (during removal of the allowance) change in the static and dynamic components of elastic deformations in the processing systems using the formulas:

Here the index "i" - denotes the serial number of the process of technological diagnostics (N 1 to N 99),
Δt _i is the time of one cycle (equal to 0.041 sec), q ₀ is the denominator of the geometric progression of the decrease in the static component of elastic deformation in the processing system from one cycle (in the “nursing” mode) to another such cycle during each process of technological diagnostics. Moreover, as a result of the first process of technological diagnostics, computer calculations record the fact of reducing the static components of elastic strains in the processing systems, respectively, on the product N 1 from 12.08862 microns to 11.93985 microns; on product No. 2 from 29.18608 μm to 29.036592 μm; on product No. 3 from 40.939353 to 40.789719 μm and on products No. 4 and No. 5 from 53.139235 to 52.989502 μm.

As a result of changes in the static components of elastic deformations with constant actual values of the time constant of the transition processes of cutting autonomously in each of the five simultaneously operating processing systems, the parameters of the modes of dynamic action on the machined surfaces autonomously of each of the five simultaneously processed products for subsequent (from the 18th to 34th) micro grinding cycles with forced cut-in feed from digital multi-channel piezoelectric Skog actuator 136. In this discrete value Infeed 22-m and 31-m cycles from the actuator 14 infeeds of coordinate axis Z of the machine 1 change from 0.381943 mm to 0.380866 mm. The number of reciprocating deformation modes for the discrete formation of a plurality of unit plastically deformed shavings will change respectively for product N 1 from 40141 to 40641, for product N 2 from 44004 to 44230, for product N 3 from 50044 to 50228 and for products N 4 and N 5 from 61536 to 61710. The speed of longitudinal movement of the table 9 along the coordinate axis X relative to the support 8 is reduced from 341.263 μm / s to 340.674 μm / s. In addition, the value of the increment of the mortise feed per each impulse action of the tops 7 of the cutting grains 85 on the surface to be machined, respectively, for the product No. 1 is reduced from 12.45 · 10 ^-7 μm / imp to 12.3 · 10 ^-7 μm / imp for the product N 2 with 11.36 · 10 ^-7 microns / imp to 11.3 · 10 ^-7 microns / imp, for product N 3 with 10 · 10 ^-7 microns / imp up to 9.95 · 10 ^-7 microns / imp for products N 4 and N 5 with 8.12 · 10 ^-7 μm / imp to 8.1 · 10 ^-7 microns / imp.

 And so on, after each subsequent process of technological diagnostics, the parameters of dynamic actions are autonomously specified on each of the five simultaneously operating elastic processing systems. In the case where the quality requirements for the defect-free surface layer of the processed surface of the finished product allow processing with only one grinding wheel (for example, when processing “jewelry inserts”), then after the last 99th process of technological diagnostics, computer calculations will record the fact that they remain unchanged the time constant of the transitional processes of cutting autonomously in each of the elastic processing system of five simultaneously operating. And at the same time, the decrease in the values of the static components of elastic strains, respectively, on the product N 1 from 12.08862 μm to 3.547955 μm, on the product N 2 from 29.18608 μm to 17.554686 μm, on the product N 3 from 40.939353 microns to 28.490827 microns and on products N 4 and N 5 from 53.139235 microns to 40.189038 microns. In the final stage of the second processing stage, the value of the discrete mortise feed from the drive 14 of the mortise discrete feeds along the coordinate axis Z of the machine 1 is reduced from 0.38194276 μm to 0.288862122 μm.

 The number of reciprocating deformation modes for the periodic discrete formation of individual portions of a plurality of single plastically deformed shavings in this case changes accordingly for product N 1 from 40141 to 136769, for product N 2 from 44004 to 73173, for product N 3 from 50044 to 71910 and for products N 4 and N 5 from 61536 to 81365, and the diameter of the circles limiting the area of the indicated contact areas during one period of discrete formation of one portion of single plastically deformed chips, will increase, respectively, for product N 1 from 11.3 microns to 20.865 microns, for article N 2 from 11.84 microns to 15.26162 microns, for article N 3 from 12.62 microns to 15.129 microns and for articles N 4 and N 5 from 14.0 microns to 16,093 μm.

The speed of longitudinal movement of the table 9 along the coordinate axis X relative to the support 8 is reduced from 341.263 μm / s to 228.835 μm / s. In addition, the value of the increment of the mortise feed per each impulse action of the tops 7 of the cutting grains 85 of the producing tool surface 6 on the machined surfaces, respectively, for the product N 1 is reduced from 12.45 · 10 ^-7 μm / imp to 3.65 · 10 ^-7 μm / imp , for product N 2 with 11.36 · 10 ^-7 microns / imp to 6.83 · 10 ^-7 microns / imp; for product N 3 with 10 · 10 ^-7 μm / imp to 6.95 · 10 ^-7 μm / imp and for products N 4 and N 5 with 8 · 10 ^-7 micron / imp up to 6.14 · 10 ^-7 micron / imp.

 Thus, in the case of processing jewelry-made natural diamond products (of one face), the total displacement along the coordinate axis Z from the drive of 14 discrete mortise feeds at the second stage of size-controlled defect-free micro grinding will be 72.748565 microns, and in total with the first the processing step will be 149.416 microns. The stock removal time at the specified second processing stage will be 96.475 seconds, and in total with the time of the first processing stage it will be 156.535 seconds.

 In the case when natural diamond products are subjected to processing with increased quality requirements for the defect-freeness of the surface layer (for example, products of nano- or microelectronics) by sequentially removing the allowance indicated by the first, second, and then third grinding wheels, after each next technological process diagnostics at the time of each subsequent mortise feed restore the value of the static component of elastic deformations only in the processing system on product N 1.

 Then, the processing of such products is continued at the second stage in the same way as described above, and after each subsequent process of technological diagnostics, the parameters of the dynamic effect of autonomously affecting each of the five simultaneously operating elastic processing systems are specified.

 In this case, after the last 99th process of technological diagnostics is carried out by computer calculations, the fact of maintaining a constant time constant of the cutting cutting transients autonomously in each elastic processing system is recorded and, relative to the initial stage of the second stage, the “fact of reducing the values of the static components of elastic deformations, respectively, on the product N 2 from 29 , 18608 microns to 29.0294 microns, on product N 3 from 40.939353 microns to 40.719578 microns and on products N 4 and N 5 from 53.139235 microns to 52.853968 microns. a useful supply from the drive 14 along the coordinate axis Z is reduced from 0.38194276 μm to 0.379892378 μm.

 The number of the indicated reciprocating modes of plastic deformation for product No. 1 will remain unchanged at 40141, for product No. 2 it will change from 44004 to 44372, for product No. 3 it will change from 50,044 to 50462 and for product No. 4 and No. 5 it will change from 61536 to 61869 .

 In proportion to the indicated changes, accordingly, the remaining parameters of microcutting are slightly adjusted. In this case, the total displacement for the period of the second stage of processing will be 82.93103 microns, and in total with the first stage of processing will be 159.598 microns. The stock removal time at the second processing stage will be 80.7898 seconds, and in total with the time of the first processing stage it will be 140.85 seconds.

 The drives 12, 13, 14, 124 and 125 are controlled in the above processing processes in the mode of direct counting of control pulses with a frequency corresponding to the frequency of exposure of the processed surfaces of the products 11 of each radial protrusion 86 (30,000 radial protrusions) of the producing tool surface 6, rotating with speed 3000 rpm from drive 15.

 For example, it is possible to set the frequency of control pulses in the device 16 of numerical program control according to information from a pulse circular sensor (with the 30,000th number of strokes per revolution) installed on the tool 4 for attaching the cutting tool 5. Thus, the indicated frequency of the control pulses is 1,500,000 1 / sec As in the processing process, the control of auxiliary coordinate movements of the executive bodies of the machine 1, for example, when it is reconfigured to process another batch of products 11 of five pieces, is carried out in the mode of direct counting of control pulses.

 At the same time, during the reset coordinate movement of the table 9 along with the workpieces 11 along the X coordinate axis to the plus side by 137500 μm, the total number of control pulses in the system 16 of numerical program control will be 2827786 pulses, of which the first 79993 and last 79993 control pulses used to control the engines 30 and 31 of the drive 12, respectively, at the stage of "acceleration" of the speed of the table 9 from 0 to 75 mm / s and at the stage of "braking" the speed of the table 9 from 75 to 0 mm / s. In addition, during the movement of the table 9 to the stroke length of 27500 μm, that is, for 589827 control pulses, the processed products 11 also bounce from the producing surface 6 by an allowance equal to 159.6 μm by corresponding movement of the support 8 along the inclined guides 60 bed 3 along the coordinate axis X 'by the value "plus" 1596 μm in the direction "from the mountain" from the engine 63 of the drive 14.

 In the process of "acceleration" in the system 16 of numerical program control for each of the two drive motors 12, the corresponding interpolation equation is solved.

где M₂₀ - число пропущенных управляющих импульсов за время между двумя последовательными воздействующими импульсами на двигатель 30;
K₂₀ - количество равномерно воздействующих импульсов в каждом временном интервале, между которыми укладывается M₂₀-ое количество управляющих импульсов.To control the engine 30 sequentially in the function of the serial number (from the moment the "acceleration" stage begins) of the control pulse, for example, the interpolation equation is solved:

where M ₂₀ is the number of missed control pulses during the time between two consecutive acting pulses on the engine 30;
K ₂₀ - the number of uniformly acting pulses in each time interval, between which fit M _20- th number of control pulses.

из которого следует, что K₂₀ = 588 раз при числе пропущенных управляющих импульсов, равном 16. Предпоследнее интерполяционное уравнение имеет вид:

из которого следует, что K₂₀ = 231 раз при числе пропущенных управляющих импульсов, равном 17.At the end of the "acceleration" stage in the interpolation mode, the last interpolation equation (before the engine 30 enters the stationary operation mode) has the form:

from which it follows that K ₂₀ = 588 times with the number of skipped control pulses equal to 16. The penultimate interpolation equation has the form:

from which it follows that K ₂₀ = 231 times with the number of skipped control pulses equal to 17.

 And so on, solving the interpolation equations sequentially over 92 times gives the result that in the initial stage of the “acceleration” of engine 30, the distance between the first and second acting pulses in time is 1573 control pulses, and the distance between the second and third acting pulses in the engine 30 in time is 634 control pulses. For the entire time of the stage of "acceleration", equivalent to 79993 control pulses, as a result of the sequential solution of these interpolation equations, the total number of 30 pulses acting on the engine will be 2666 units.

 Similarly, in the direct counting mode of control pulses, the engine 30 is controlled at the stage of its braking.

где M₃₁ - число пропущенных управляющих импульсов за время между двумя последовательными воздействующими импульсами на двигатель 31;
K₃₁ - количество равномерно воздействующих импульсов в каждом временном интервале, между которыми укладывается M₃₁-ое количество управляющих импульсов.In the mode of direct counting of control pulses, the drive motor 31 of the drive 12 is also controlled sequentially as a function of the serial number (from the moment the "acceleration" stage begins) of the control pulse, for example, an interpolation equation of the form

where M ₃₁ is the number of missed control pulses during the time between two consecutive acting pulses on the engine 31;
K ₃₁ - the number of uniformly acting pulses in each time interval, between which fit the M _31- th number of control pulses.

из которого следует, что K₃₁ = 14 раз при числе пропущенных управляющих импульсов, равным 108.At the end of the stage of "acceleration" in the interpolation mode, the last interpolation equation (before the engine 31 enters the stationary mode of operation) has the form:

from which it follows that K ₃₁ = 14 times with the number of skipped control pulses equal to 108.

из которого следует, что K₃₁ = 6 раз при числе пропущенных управляющих импульсов, равным 109.The penultimate interpolation equation has the form:

from which it follows that K ₃₁ = 6 times with the number of skipped control pulses equal to 109.

 And so on, solving the interpolation equations sequentially 177 times gives the result that in the initial stage of “acceleration” of the engine 31, the distance between the first and second acting pulses in time is 3319 control pulses, and the distance between the second and third acting pulses in the engine 31 in time is 1984 governing momentum. For the entire time of the stage of "acceleration", equivalent to 79978 control pulses, as a result of the sequential solution of these interpolation equations, the total number of 31 pulses acting on the engine will be 375 units.

 Similarly, according to the same interpolation equations (only in the reverse order), the motors 30 and 31 of the drive 12 are controlled at the “braking” stage.

 The control program separately for the stage of "acceleration" and for the stage of "braking" of the engines 30 and 31, (for example, type LSS) of the drive 12 in real time is calculated according to the indicated interpolation equations by the computer of the system 16 of numerical program control and through the communication interface 40 enters the multi-channel a linear microinterpolator 41 with buffer memory, where it is converted into the corresponding frame-by-frame control programs separately for the "right" and for the "left" sides of discrete rotation, respectively, for each step motor Tieliu 30 and 31 as the frequency and number of pulses acting in each frame.

 In this case, the control program of the first frame of the “acceleration” stage for engines 30 and 31 when moving the table 9 to the “plus” side along the coordinate axis X, respectively, contains information that at a frequency of 953.6 1 / s one pulse acts on the engine 30, and at a frequency of 452 1 / s, one pulse also acts on the engine 31. The control program of the second frame of the "acceleration" stage for engines 30 and 31, respectively, contains information that at a frequency of 2366 1 / s a single pulse acts on a motor 30 and at a frequency of 756 1 / s a single pulse also acts on a motor 31. In the final phase of the “acceleration” stage, the control program of the 91st frame for the engine 30 contains information that on the 70581st control pulse at a frequency of 88235.3 1 / s, the engine 30 is affected by 231 pulses, and on the 79993th control pulse, then there is on the 92nd frame, at a frequency of 93750 1 / s, 588 pulses act on the engine 30. The same thing in the final phase of the “acceleration” stage, the control program of the 176th frame for the engine 31 contains information that on the 78463rd control pulse at a frequency of 13761.5 1 / s, 6 pulses act on the engine 31, and on the 79975th control pulse, that is, on the 177th frame, at a frequency of 13888.9 1 / s, 14 pulses act on the engine 31.

 Further, the control program from the 93rd to the 77984th block for the engine 30 includes 19473 times repeated blocks, each of which contains four consecutive subprograms, including four control subprograms of the first block (blocks from the 93rd to the 96th) contain information that, respectively, the number and frequency of the impulses acting on the engine 30 is 4 pulses at a frequency of 100,000 1 / s, 1 pulse at a frequency of 93750 1 / s, 3 pulses at a frequency of 100,000 1 / s, and 1 pulse at a frequency of 93750 1 / sec Then the second block follows, repeating the algorithm of the first block, and so on until the 19473rd block. The presence of a buffer memory in a multichannel linear microinterpolator 41 makes it possible to ensure the regularity of the sequence of acting pulses in exact synchronous correspondence with the sequence of control pulses in each of the 4 indicated subprograms of each specified block on the portion of the control program of the engine 30 from the 93rd frame and the 77984th frame starting from block 1 and through block 19473 inclusive. At the 2747793th control pulse, the control program of the 77985th frame is started, which contains information about the beginning of the "braking" stage for the engine 30. In this case, the engine 30 is affected by 588 pulses with a frequency of 93750 1 / s. The next 77986th frame contains information about the impact on the same engine of 231 pulses at a frequency of 88235 1 / s. And so on, according to the law of "braking" (the law of "acceleration" symmetrically analogous to the time axis), a gradual controlled braking of the motor shaft 30 follows up to frame 78075, which contains information that the motor 30 is acting on the 2825579th control pulse 1 pulse at a frequency of 2366 1 / s. And in the final 178076th frame, the control program for the engine 30 is contained that 1 pulse at a frequency of 954 1 / s acts on the 2826213th control pulse, after which, on the 2827786th control pulse, the pulses on the engine 30 cease and, accordingly, the rotation the motor shaft is stopped (the motor shaft is “locked”).

 The control program from the 178th frame to the 25110th frame for the 25th engine 31 includes 24,933 times repeated frames, each of which contains information that, respectively, the frequency and number of acting pulses on the engine 31 is 1 pulse per 14018.7 1 / sec The presence of a buffer memory in a multichannel linear microinterpolator 41 makes it possible to ensure a uniform sequence of pulses acting on the motor 31 in the section from the 178th to the 25110th frame of the control program of the engine 31 by synchronizing it with a uniform sequence of every 108th (every 107 missed) control pulses and, thereby, ensure uniform rotation speed of the motor shaft 31. Then, at the 2747809th control pulse, the control program of the 25111st frame for the engine 31 on cial stage of braking. In this case, the engine 31 is affected by 14 pulses at a frequency of 13888.9 1 / s. The next 25112th frame contains information about the impact of 6 pulses at a frequency of 13761.5 1 / s. And so on, according to the law of “braking” (the law of “acceleration” symmetrically analogous to the axis of rotation), a gradual controlled braking of the motor shaft 31 follows up to frame 25286, which contains information that the motor 31 is acting on the 2822983th control pulse 1 pulse at a frequency of 756 1 / s. And in the final 25287th frame contains the control program for the engine 31 that 1 pulse at a frequency of 452 1 / s acts on the 2824467th control pulse, after which, on the 2827786th control pulse, the effects of the pulses on the engine 31 are stopped and, accordingly, rotation the motor shaft stops (the motor shaft is "locked").

 Thus, the control of the operation of the motors 30 and 31 of the drive 12 in the direct counting mode of control pulses makes it possible to ensure the accuracy of the coordinate coordinate reading with a resolution not exceeding a unit of the discrete displacement from the engine 30 per unit control pulse. In addition, the kinematic accuracy of the movement (as the largest deviation from the set speed at each point of the trajectory) ranges from 74,940.483 μm / s to 75035.716 μm / s or from -0.292% to + 0.125% of the nominal value equal to 75000.0 μm / sec. The engine control algorithm 63 of the drive 14 for moving the caliper 8 along the inclined guides 60 of the bed 3 starts to operate simultaneously with the beginning of the reinstallation movement of the table 9 relative to the caliper 8. In this case, the motor shaft 63 is accelerated according to the program determined by the solution of the numerical program control of interpolation equations by the computer 16, similar interpolation equations of "acceleration - braking" of the motor 30 of the drive 12. In this case, set the total time for "acceleration plus braking" of the motor shaft 63 equivalent to the total time of the control pulses in the amount of 164419 (at a frequency of 1500000 1 / s). During the “acceleration” time and the “deceleration” time of the engine 63 as a result of the corresponding 92-fold solution of the interpolation equations at the “acceleration” stage and the same number of solutions at the “deceleration” stage (that is, for a total of 184 frames of the control program) to the engine 63 in total 5332 acting pulses will arrive, which corresponds to the total movement of the support 8 along the coordinate axis X 'by 266.6 μm in the areas of "acceleration - braking". And the section of the path between the zones of "acceleration" and "braking" the support 8 will uniformly move along the inclined guides 60 of the bed 3 in the plus direction ("from the mountain") along the coordinate axis X 'according to the control program, consisting of 26588 frames. Moreover, in each such frame, the same information is recorded that one acting pulse at a frequency of 93750 1 / s is supplied to the engine 63. Thus, the total number of frames in the control program "rebound" of the processed surfaces of the products 11 from the producing tool surface 6, carried out by the motor 63 of the drive 14, is 26772 frames. The presence of a buffer memory in a multi-channel linear microinterpolator 41 makes it possible to ensure a uniform sequence of pulses acting on the engine 63 in the section from the 93rd to the 26680th frame of the engine 63 program by synchronizing it with a uniform sequence of every 17th (every 16 missed) control pulses and, thereby, ensure uniform rotation speed of the motor shaft 63. During the control of the above movements, the direction of rotation of the shafts 26, 27 and 62 of the respective motors 3 0, 31 and 63 did not change, which corresponded to the plus sign, therefore, frame-by-frame transmission of the control program to the control units 64, 65 and 68 by the corresponding stepper motors 30, 31 and 63 from the multi-channel linear microinterpolator 41 with buffer memory was carried out at the corresponding inputs 42, 44 and 50. If it is necessary to control the movements by the same executive bodies of the machines (table 9 and caliper 8) only in the opposite direction, frame-by-frame transmission of another control program to control units 64, 65, and 68 is carried out in corresponding steps My engines 30, 31 and 63 of the drives 12 and 14 from the multichannel linear microinterpolator with buffer memory 41 are carried out at the corresponding inputs 43, 45 and 51.

 In each of these blocks 64, 65 and 68, the corresponding step motors 30, 31 and 63 of the drives 12 and 14 carry out frame-by-frame conversion of the initial information recorded in the control programs in the form of the frequency and number of acting pulses separately for "positive" and separately for "negative" the sides of rotation of the output shafts 26.27 and 62 of the respective motors, at twice the frequency and number of acting (power) pulses with stabilization of the higher voltage current in the motor windings, and also carries out Thorn phase transformation in the windings of the motor depending on the direction of rotation of the output shaft. All of the above transformations from the control units 64, 65 and 68 enter the windings of the motors 30, 31 and 63 at the inputs 69, 70 and 73. Moreover, each single pulse in each processed block of the control program arriving at one or the other input to the step-by-step control unit motor, is converted into a discrete rotation of the output shaft of the corresponding stepper motor, either in the direction of "plus" or in the direction of "minus" by a value of 1: 1000 part of one revolution with a frequency corresponding to the frequency of the operating pulses of the control program in processed frame.

 The execution of the kinematic chain of the mechanical part of the actuator 12, for example, in the form of a ball screw transmission of translational movement using a summing mechanism with two input links in the form of a two-planetary-pin gear 24 cycloidal gear reducer 22 to the gear ratio, as 1: 100, between the output coaxially arranged to each other (ball screw screw spindle with a pitch of 5 mm) and the first input (shaft 26 of the stepper motor 30) links, as well as output parallel to each other (the same running screw nt ball screw transmission with a step of 5 mm) and the second input (shaft 27 of the stepper motor 31) links with a gear ratio of 1: 1, due to the use of the possibility of additional rotation of the pinion (solar) wheel of the first planetary gear set in a two-planetary-pinion 24 cycloidal gearbox gear 22 (coaxial to the specified screw) provides the summation of the discrete translational movement of the table 9 relative to the support 8 along the coordinate axis X simultaneously from two stepper motors 30 and 31. Moreover, each The corresponding control program pulse accordingly causes a discrete turn of 1: 1000 part from one whole revolution of both the shaft 26 of the stepper motor 30 and the shaft 27 of the stepper motor 31. And this, in turn, leads to simultaneous discrete translational movements of the final link of the kinematic chain of the mechanical parts of the drive 12, (table 9 relative to the caliper 8) by the value of unit discrete, respectively, 0.05 μm and 5 μm.

 If, for example, the selected type of stepper motors 30 and 31 has a maximum shaft speed of 26 and 27 limited by 6000 rpm (which corresponds to the frequency of the impact pulses equal to 100000 1 / s), then the maximum linear speed of the table 9 relative to the support 8 along the coordinate axis X will be 505 mm / s.

 The execution of the kinematic chain of the mechanical part of the actuator 13, by analogy with the actuator 12, is also in the form of a summing mechanism with two input links and the use of a two-planetary-pin 25 gear of a cycloidal gear 23 at a gear ratio of 1: 100 between the output located coaxially to each other (lead screw in increments of 5 mm) and the first input (shaft 28 of the stepper motor 32) links, and also parallel to each other located output (the same lead screw with a pitch of 5 mm) and the second input (shaft 29 of the stepper motor 33) links from the front full-time relationship between these links, like 1: 1, due to the use of the possibility of additional rotation of the pinwheel (solar) wheel of the first planetary gear set in the two-planetary pinwheel 25 gearbox of the cycloidal gear 23 (coaxial to the specified screw) provides the summation of the discrete translational movement of the support 8 along inclined guides 60 bed 3 along the coordinate axis Y simultaneously from two stepper motors 32 and 31. In this case, each acting pulse of the control program, respectively, causes a a mild turn of 1: 1000 part from one whole revolution and shaft 28 of the stepper motor 32 and shaft 29 of the stepper motor 33. And this, in turn, leads to simultaneous translational movements of the final link of the kinematic chain of the mechanical part of the drive 13, the support 8 relative to the frame 3 along the coordinate axis Y by the value of unit discretes, respectively, 0.05 μm and 5 μm. If, for example, the type of stepper motors 31 and 32 have limitations on the maximum rotation speed of the output shafts 28 and 29, equal to 6000 rpm (which corresponds to 100000 1 / s of the frequency of the impact pulses), then the maximum linear speed of the caliper 8 along the inclined guides 60 bed 3 along the coordinate axis Y will be 505 mm / sec.

 The execution of the kinematic part of the drive 14, for example, in the form of a ball screw transmission of translational motion using a two-planetary-pinion gear reducer of cycloidal gearing to a gear ratio of 1: 100 between the output coaxially arranged to each other (ball screw screw in 5 mm increments) and input (shaft 62 of the stepper motor 63) links provides discreteness of translational movement of the caliper 8 along the inclined guides 60 of the bed 3 along the coordinate axis X ', equal to 0.05 μm for each 1: 1000 di indiscrete part of one whole turnover shaft 62 of the stepper motor 63.

 If, for example, the type of stepper motor 63 has a limitation on the maximum rotational speed of the shaft 62 equal to 6000 rpm (which corresponds to a frequency of 100000 1 / sec of acting pulses), then the maximum linear speed of the caliper 8 along the inclined guides 60 of the bed 3 in the coordinate direction axis X 'in this case will be 5 mm / sec. Taking into account that the sine of the angle of inclination of the guides 60 of the bed 3 with respect to the horizontal plane of shaping is 0.1, the maximum speed of the mortise feed of the processed products 11 in the direction normal to the plane of shaping along the coordinate axis Z will be 0.5 mm / sec.

 The drive 89 coordinate rotation of the processed products 11 around the axis A at the angle of the tier of the location of the processed surfaces of the faces and the drive 90 for the coordinate rotation of the processed products 11 around the axis B at the unit angle of the location of the adjacent surfaces of the faces in one tier, control in the mode of direct counting of control pulses during coordinate "bounce" of the processed products in the direction of the Z axis relative to the producing surface 6 by twice the amount of the allowance +319.2 μm with return ("bounce") to ref one amount of allowance +159.6 μm when table 9 is stopped at points of either the extreme “right” or extreme “left” reverse of the direction of its longitudinal movement (at the extreme points of the position of the table 9 relative to the support 8 along the coordinate axis X). In this case, the total number of control pulses while performing the indicated turns around the axes A and B is 1681508 units, and the division time is 1.121 sec, respectively. Given that the kinematic chain of the mechanical part of the actuator 90, for example, may contain a two-planetary-pinion gearbox 104 with a gear ratio of 1: 100, a gear transmission 134 with a gear ratio of 1: 2, and 130 steps of hollow screws in the kinematic chain of a multi-seat cassette 153 and 154, for example, can be equal to the number p and the number of teeth of the spindle helical wheel 132 in the tool 10 for attaching workpieces 11, for example, can be equal to 18 (with a module equal to one, and the tangent of the tooth angle equal to 1:18 ), then from each about impact pulse, causing a discrete rotation of 1: 1000 part of one revolution of the output shaft 102 of the stepper motor 98, along the specified kinematic chain, this impact pulse leads to a single discrete rotation of its final links, spindles in the fixture 10 for attaching the workpiece 11 by 0 , 0001 deg. If, for example, the type of stepper motor 98 has limitations on the maximum speed of its rotation, equal to 6000 rpm (which corresponds to the highest frequency of the impact pulses, equal to 100000 1 / s), then taking into account the areas of "acceleration" and "braking" of the output shaft 102 engine 98 for the specified unit time of 1.121 seconds, all of the specified spindles and, accordingly, all products 11 will rotate around the B axis by a maximum angle of 10.6767 degrees, while the total number of control pulses will be 1681508 units.

 In a similar way, the motor 97 of the actuator 89 is controlled, taking into account that the kinematic chain of the mechanical part of the actuator 89, for example, may contain a double two-planetary pinwheel gear reducer 103 of a cycloidal gearing ratio of 1: 3600, in which in the first planetary pinch gearbox with a cycloidal gearing and in the second planetary-pinion gearbox with cycloidal gearing respectively provide a gear ratio of 1: 100 and 1:36. In this case, a single impulse acting on the motor 97, causing 1: 1000 part of one revolution of the output shaft 101 of the engine 97, leads to 0.0001 degrees of the part of the angular degree of discrete rotation (one angular discreteness) of each spindle in the tool 10 for fastening the processed products 11 around the coordinate axis A. If the selected stepper motor 97, for example, has the highest rotation speed of the output shaft 101, equal to 6000 rpm, which corresponds to the highest frequency of the impact pulses, equal to 100000 1 / s, then taking into account the sections a "and" braking "of the output shaft 101 of the engine 97 for the specified unit time of 1.121 seconds, all spindles together with all products 11 will rotate around axis A by a maximum angle of 10.6767 degrees, and the total number of control pulses will be 1681508 units .

 Given that, for example, when processing jewelry insert type products, the number of tiers, including the girdle, does not exceed seven and that at least two technological transitions with one reinstallation of the removable cartridge 130 s are required to process the upper and lower parts of such products processed products 11, the total number of angular degrees of rotation of products 11 around axis A will be 360 degrees (2 turns within 90 degrees to the plus side and two turns of 90 degrees to the minus side to return to the original position) and around the axis B co tavit 2520 hail. Therefore, the shortest total dividing time when machining 5 products of 11 types of “jewelry insert” in the amount of 15 pieces with one cutting tool will be 302.4 seconds = (360 degrees · 7 + 360 degrees) + 10.6767 degrees) · 1.121.

Used in the mechanical part of the drives 12, 13, 14, 89 and 90, two-planetary sprocket gearboxes of cycloidal gearing have unique technical characteristics, including:
- 100% multiplicity of gearing simultaneously in two planetary gears with 96% transmission efficiency;
- lack of backlash, hysteresis and dead zone;
- a linear characteristic of torsional stiffness with a constant moment-locked state to alternating external disturbing loads of the output shaft of the gearbox;
- dynamic stabilization of the constancy of the gear ratio with an accuracy of 0.02%;
- the absence of random components and the possibility of software compensation for the kinematic error;
- 100-fold or more (up to 3600) torque amplification especially at low speeds of the output shaft of the gearbox;
- the possibility of making the reducer in the form of a summing mechanism with two input links (used in drives 12 and 13) makes it possible to additionally use such reducers as readout devices for coordinate discrete micro-rotations of the output shafts of reducers with a resolution of 1: 100000 revolutions at a speed of up to 101 rpm, (which is equivalent to a frequency of 10.17106 control pulses per second) and, thereby, eliminate the need for a feedback sensor with 100,000 divisions per revolution of angular displacements on the output shafts of the gearbox tori. But at the same time, ensure stable control of the coordinate rotations of the output shafts of such gearboxes in the mode of direct counting of the number of angular discontinuities with programmatically interconnected rotations of one or two input links at a maximum speed of rotation of up to 6000 rpm, which corresponds to a maximum frequency of acting pulses of only 100,000 1 / sec

 At the first stage of processing, when the identification of the intensity regimes of defect-free removal allowance is sequential from product No. 1 to product No. 5, temperature strains are determined by sequentially changing the static component of elastic deformation during each 1/4 of the revolution of the cutting tool (i.e., with a frequency of 240 1 / s) in every processing system. In this case, the computer of the system 16 for numerical program control using mathematical methods analyzes the results of a continuous (with a frequency of 240 1 / s) interrogation of information from each piezoelectric sensor 35 of the multi-channel measuring system 142. Moreover, these measurements are carried out on sections of the trajectory between the extreme points of the reverse direction of the longitudinal movement minus the length section of this trajectory, determined by the distance between the points on and off the dynamic component of the mortise micro feed from many channel digital piezoelectric actuator 136 autonomously for each of the five simultaneously processed products 11.

где (dΔ_j+dτ) _ изменение статической составляющей упругой деформации с j-ым изделием за дискретный временной интервал, равный 1/4 времени одного оборота режущего инструмента, то есть 1/240 сек;
i - порядковый номер последовательности дискретных временных интервалов,
то фиксируют факт снижения температурных деформаций.In the event that the computer of the system 16 of numerical control will record the result at which there is:

where (dΔ _j + dτ) is the change in the static component of elastic deformation with the jth product in a discrete time interval equal to 1/4 of the time of one revolution of the cutting tool, that is 1/240 sec;
i is the sequence number of the discrete time intervals,
then record the fact of reducing temperature deformations.

In this case, the trajectory of longitudinal movement along the coordinate axis Y is shifted in the plane of formation parallel to itself and the coordinate axis X by the value of M _у = -5 μm to the minus side (to the axis of rotation of the cutting tool 5) to stabilize temperature deformations in the micro grinding zone. If a result is fixed in which the above ratio is less than unity, then the indicated displacement of the trajectory M _y = +5 μm is carried out in the plus direction (from the axis of rotation of the cutting tool 5) to stabilize the temperature deformations in the micro grinding zone. Of the above complex of individual technological transitions, depending on the shape, the number of faces on the workpiece surfaces 11 (for example, “jewelry inserts” made from natural diamonds with 57 faces) and their number in a multi-seat removable cartridge 130 (for example, the number of 15 pieces), as well as depending on the specified precision and quality output parameters (according to the possible presence of defects from the micro grinding process in the surface layer), on the size of the initial allowance (for example, equal to 160 microns) for a cutting tool 5 with the above characteristics, a control program is compiled that uniquely regulates the entire processing process (for example, cutting these products), including the technological diagnosis of micro grinding parameters during this process, in automatic mode. In this case, the total machine processing time of such products is determined by a set of the following technological transitions:
- the time of the test diagnosis of defect-free micro grinding modes simultaneously of the first five products, equal to 60.06 seconds;
- the time of removal of the main allowance, including technological diagnosis, equal to 80.59 seconds (55.42 + 19.41 + 5.76 = 80.59 seconds);
- the time of "bounce" by the value of the initial allowance, combined with the time of the change of position by moving the table 9 along the X axis by 137.5 mm, equal to 1.89 sec;
- the total processing time of the second batch of products of five pieces in the second position of the table, equal to 142.53 seconds;
- the total processing time of the third batch of products of five pieces in the third position of the table, equal to 142.53 seconds;
- the total processing time of one face on 15 products equal to 427.59 seconds;
- the total division time during the processing of 57 faces and 24 faces of the girdle located on 7 tiers of the form of the finally 15 processed products, equal to 302.4 seconds;
- the total processing time of 57 faces plus 24 faces of “girdle” on 15 products (427.59 · 81 + 302.4), equal to 34937.107 sec.

Thus, the total machine processing time of one product is 2329.14 sec, and the total number of processed products by one operator in one shift while simultaneously servicing 2 grinding machines with numerical control (on one machine, the faces of the upper part of the product shape are processed on the other to the machine - the edges of the lower part of the mold)
- 30 products (taking into account the actual reduction in the average allowance from 160 microns to 130 microns during sequential processing from one face to another in each tier of a multifaceted product).

 Thus, from the above calculations it follows that when using the proposed method of micro grinding and the corresponding machine for automating the faceting of products from natural diamonds in jewelry production, it is possible to increase productivity by 7 ... 8 times compared to the current technology for producing finished products only the result of applying manual cut.

 Given the fact that the probability of processing the “hardest” 35 face of the surface in each technological transition, that is, 240 times, does not exceed 66%, and also taking into account the fact that the size of the removed allowance varies depending on the serial number of the processed face in each tier in the range from 1 to 0.3, then the actual machine time for processing a batch of 15 products will be less than the calculated one. Therefore, we should expect that the actual productivity growth will be 9 ... 10 times. At the same time, the annual cut volume of "jewelry inserts" with 57 facets of natural diamonds (25,000 carats) with a cutting tool of 5 three operators on two numerically controlled machines in three shifts will be 30,000 pieces.

 If it is necessary to completely eliminate the defects introduced by the cutting process by the cutting tool 5 from the surface layer of the surface to be treated, continue to remove the allowance first with the cutting tool 167 (with the size of the cutting grains 85 equal to 10 ... 12 μm and a binder 21 made of organic material, such as bone meal ), and then with a cutting tool 168 (with sizes of cutting grains 85 equal to 14 ... 20 μm and, for example, a polyurethane bond 21 with graphite filler). The geometric parameters of the circles 167 and 168 (on the outer and inner diameters of the end producing tool surface 6), the number of radial protrusions 86, and also the rotation speed are equal to the same parameters of the cutting tool 5.

 To do this, the cutting tool 5 is brought out of the working area and the cutting tool 167 is turned by turning about the machine axis C parallel to the machine axis Z, the turret 169 with drives 15, for rotating the corresponding cutting tools. The specified resetting time of the cutting tool 167 and the cutting tool 168 in the working area is 2 seconds.

 Before the start of processing with cutting tool 167, initial parameters are set along the length (27500 μm), according to the speed (65476.2 μm / sec) of movements of the table 9 along the coordinate axis X of machine 1, similar to the first stage of processing by cutting tool 5. Then, an accelerated approach along the coordinate the Z axis of the machine 1 at the same time of all five workpieces 11 from the initial “zero” position to the shaping plane 6, which corresponds to the position at the moment of removal of the stock when machining with the cutting tool 5 without taking into account its dimensional of wear. In this case, the speed control of the accelerated approach is carried out uniformly in the direct counting mode of each 151st control pulse (that is, with a frequency of 10,000 1 / s), one after the other, until the moment of contact of the cutting tool 167 with the hardest of the products (products N 4 and N 5 ) Moreover, the speed of the mortise feed at the moment of touching is taken to be equal to (or less) the speed of the mortise feed at the moment of finishing the cutting tool with the 5 hardest of the five simultaneously processed products (products N 4 and N 5), that is, this speed is 0.923 μm / sec acting on the motor 63 of the actuator 14 at this moment is equal to 185 1 / s).

In this case, the expected value of the accelerated supply of the tool 167 to the first touch with products N 4 and N 5 is determined by calculations:
159.6 - 40.19 = 119.41 microns (taking into account the static component of elastic deformations equal to 40.19 microns, but excluding dimensional wear of the tool 5). Taking into account the frequency of the impact pulses on the stepper motor 63 of the drive 14 during accelerated approach, (10000 1 / s), the time of accelerated approach to the moment of first touch, equal to 2.388 seconds, is expected. However, in connection with the dimensional wear of the tool 5, the actual time of the accelerated approach of the tool 167 to the first touch is 2.09 seconds. The difference in the expected and actual time of the contact moments of the cutting tool 167 with the workpieces N 4 and N 5 determines the size wear of the tool 5, which is equal to (2,388 - 2,09) · 10,000 · 0,005 = 15 μm and make the appropriate adjustment in the dimensional setting machine 1 along the coordinate axis Z when working with a cutting tool 167. After fixing the moment of contacting the motor 63 of the drive 14 at a frequency of 185 1 / s, 8038 acting pulses are supplied due to the fact that at the end of this process, that is, after 43.40 seconds, producing position the surface 6 of the cutting tool 167 will correspond to the final position of the producing tool surface 6 of the cutting tool 5. At the point of alignment of the shaping planes 6 of the cutting tool 167 and the cutting tool 5 by sensors 35 of the operational monitoring system 142, the static components of elastic deformations in the processing systems 2 are fixed, which for the corresponding processed products have the following values:
- for product N 1 - 2.806 μm;
- for product N 2 - 12.24 microns;
- for product No. 3 - 19.93 microns;
- for products N 4 and N 5 - 29.01 microns.

Then, two longitudinal passes of the table 9 are carried out along the X coordinate axis relative to the support 8 with the periodic discrete mortise macro feed along the Z axis coordinate turned off from the drive 14 and, using sensors 35 of the operational monitoring system 142, changes in the static components of elastic deformations in the processing systems 2 are recorded in each passage, which for the corresponding processed products have the following values:
- for product N 1 - 2.658 μm and 2.518 μm;
- for product N 2 - 12.041 microns and 11.844 microns;
- for product No. 3 - 19.69 microns and 19.45 microns;
- for products N 4 and N 5 - 28.824 microns and 28.639 microns.

- количество W167j знакопеременных возвратно-поворотных мод пластической деформации при синхронном образовании в результате накопления усталости множества единичных пластически деформированных стружек с линейными размерами каждой 0,05 мкм для соответствующей j-ой упругой обрабатывающей системы 2, которое составляет:

- диаметр d167j пятна контакта режущего инструмента 167 с обрабатываемой поверхностью j-го изделия для соответствующей упругой обрабатывающей системы 2, который составляет:

- наибольшую скорость продольной подачи V167j вдоль координатной оси X для каждой j-ой упругой обрабатывающей системы 2, которая составляет:
V167(1) = 1500000 + 241243 · 27,71 = 172,3 мкм/с;
V167(2) = 1500000 + 162741 · 22,76 = 209,8 мкм/с;
V167(3) = 1500000 + 158098 · 22,43 = 212,8 мкм/с;
V167(4,5) = 1500000 + 171270 · 23,35 = 204,5 мкм/с;
- наибольшую скорость врезной макроподачи d167j вдоль координатной оси Z станка 1 для каждой j-ой упругой обрабатывающей системы 2, которая составляет:
d167(1) = 2,518 + 8,1 = 0,31 мкм/с;
d167(2) = 11,844 + 25,7 = 0,46 мкм/с;
d167(3) = 19,45 + 41 = 0,47 мкм/с;
d167(4,5) = 28,639 + 65,4 = 0,44 мкм/с;
- время t167j одного продольного прохода в направлении координатной оси X станка 1 для каждой j-ой упругой обрабатывающей системы 2, которое составляет:
t167(1) = 27500 + 172,3 = 159,6 с;
t167(2) = 27500 + 209,8 = 131,1 с;
t167(3) = 27500 + 212,8 = 129,2 с;
t167(4,5) = 27500 + 204,5 = 134,5 с;
- наибольшие колебания g167(j)y суппорта 8 вместе со столом 9 относительно станины 3 по наклонным направляющим 60 вдоль координатной оси Y для каждой j-ой упругой обрабатывающей системы 2, которые составляют:
g167(1)y = +13,85 мкм;
g167(2)y = +11,4 мкм;
g167(3)y = +11,2 мкм;
gl67(4,5)y = +11,7 мкм;
- ожидаемая (расчетная) величина суммарного припуска S167j за время t167j для каждой j-ой упругой обрабатывающей системы 2, которая составляет:
S167(1) = 159,6 · 0,31 = 49,5 мкм;
S167(2) = 131,1 · 0,46 = 60,3 мкм;
S167(3) = 129,2 · 0,47 = 60,7 мкм;
S167(4,5) = 134,5 · 0,44 = 59,2 мкм.Next, computer calculations in the system 16 for numerical control of the machine 1 calculate for each of the five simultaneously processed products 11 the values of the following parameters of the modes of defect-free size-controlled micro grinding with a cutting tool 167, including:
- the actual time constant T167F _{j of} transient cutting processes, which for the corresponding j-th elastic processing system 2 is:

- the number W167j of alternating reciprocating modes of plastic deformation during synchronous formation as a result of fatigue accumulation of many single plastically deformed chips with linear dimensions of each 0.05 μm for the corresponding j-th elastic processing system 2, which is:

- diameter d167j of the contact spot of the cutting tool 167 with the machined surface of the j-th product for the corresponding elastic processing system 2, which is:

- the highest speed of the longitudinal feed V167j along the coordinate axis X for each j-th elastic processing system 2, which is:
V167 (1) = 1500000 + 241243 · 27.71 = 172.3 μm / s;
V167 (2) = 1500000 + 162741 · 22.76 = 209.8 μm / s;
V167 (3) = 1500000 + 158098 · 22.43 = 212.8 μm / s;
V167 (4.5) = 1500000 + 171270 · 23.35 = 204.5 μm / s;
- the highest mortise macro feed rate d167j along the coordinate axis Z of the machine 1 for each j-th elastic processing system 2, which is:
d167 (1) = 2.518 + 8.1 = 0.31 μm / s;
d167 (2) = 11.844 + 25.7 = 0.46 μm / s;
d167 (3) = 19.45 + 41 = 0.47 μm / s;
d167 (4.5) = 28.639 + 65.4 = 0.44 μm / s;
- time t167j of one longitudinal passage in the direction of the coordinate axis X of the machine 1 for each j-th elastic processing system 2, which is:
t167 (1) = 27500 + 172.3 = 159.6 s;
t167 (2) = 27500 + 209.8 = 131.1 s;
t167 (3) = 27500 + 212.8 = 129.2 s;
t167 (4.5) = 27500 + 204.5 = 134.5 s;
- the largest fluctuations g167 (j) y of the caliper 8 together with the table 9 relative to the bed 3 along the inclined guides 60 along the coordinate axis Y for each j-th elastic processing system 2, which are:
g167 (1) y = +13.85 μm;
g167 (2) y = +11.4 microns;
g167 (3) y = + 11.2 microns;
gl67 (4.5) y = + 11.7 microns;
- the expected (estimated) value of the total allowance S167j for the time t167j for each j-th elastic processing system 2, which is:
S167 (1) = 159.6 · 0.31 = 49.5 μm;
S167 (2) = 131.1 · 0.46 = 60.3 μm;
S167 (3) = 129.2 · 0.47 = 60.7 μm;
S167 (4.5) = 134.5 · 0.44 = 59.2 μm.

In the system 16 of numerical program control of the machine 1 set the following modes of defect-free micro grinding by cutting tool 167, the same for all five simultaneously processed products 11, including:
- the length of the longitudinal movement of the caliper 8 with the table 9 along the coordinate axis Y from the actuator 13, equal to +13.85 microns;
- the speed of the longitudinal movement of the table along the coordinate axis X from the drive 12, equal to 172.3 μm / s;
- the speed of the mortise macro feed along the coordinate axis Z from the drive 14, equal to 0.31 μm / sec.

 Next, carry out the process of removing the stock from each j-th workpiece in these modes, with the identification in real time of the parameters of defect-free microcuts according to the indicated rules of technological diagnostics, similar to processing with a cutting tool 5.

At the end of the processing, the total amount of movement Σ S167 to the cutting tool 167 along the coordinate axis Z from the drive 14 from the initial ("zero") position to the final processing position will be:
Σ S167 = 2.088 · 10000 · 0.005 + 40.19 + 49.5 = 194.09 μm.

The total expected value of the remote allowance Σ Hj from the surface of each j-th product sequentially cutting tools 5 and 167 will be:
Σ H (5 + 157) 1 = 159.6 - 15.0 - 3.55 + (3.55 - 2.518) + 49.5 = 191.582 μm;
Σ H (5 + 157) 2 = 159.6 - 15.0 - 17.55 + (17.55 - 7.965) + 49.5 = 186.135 μm;
Σ H (5 + 157) 3 = 159.6 - 15.0 - 28.49 + (28.49 - 12.710) + 49.5 = 181.39 μm;
Σ H (5 + 157) 4.5 = 159.6 - 15.0 - 40.19 + (40.19 - 20.275) + 49.5 = 173.815 μm.

167(Ф3) = 12,71 мкм;
Δ 167(Ф4,5) = 20,275 мкм.The actual static components of elastic strains Δ 167 (Фj) in each j-th elastic processing system 2 at the end of processing with tool 167 will be:
Δ 167 (F1) = 2.52 μm;
Δ 167 (Ф2) = 7.965 μm;

167 (Ф3) = 12.71 microns;
Δ 167 (Ф4.5) = 20.275 μm.

 The size of the size between the most "hard" and the most "soft" products is 17.77 microns.

 The total Σ t167 processing time of five products with a cutting tool 167 is Σ t167 = 2.09 + 43.4 + 159.6 = 205.09 seconds.

 The total time of two consecutive reinstallations of the table 9 relative to the support 8 along the coordinate axis X is 1.88372 = 3.8 seconds.

 The total processing time of one face on 15 products with a cutting tool 167 is 3.8 + 37205.09 = 619.07 sec.

 The total processing time of one face on one product with a cutting tool 167 is 619.07 + 15 = 41.3 sec.

 Then, the “turret” 169 is rotated again around the Z axis parallel to the Z coordinate axis of the machine 1, and the cutting tool 167 is replaced in the working area by the cutting tool 168. The specified reset time is 2 seconds.

 Prior to the start of processing with cutting tool 168, initial parameters are set for the length (27500 μm) and speed (65476.2 μm / sec) of movements of the table 9 relative to the support 8 along the machine coordinate axis X, similar to the first stage of processing with cutting tool 5.

 Then carry out accelerated supply along the coordinate axis Z of the machine at the same time all five workpieces 11 from the initial "zero" position to the shaping plane 6, which corresponds to the position at the end of removal of stock when machining with cutting tool 167 without taking into account its actual dimensional wear. In this case, the motor 63 of the drive 14 is controlled and, accordingly, the speed of the accelerated supply of the workpieces 11 to the producing tool surface 6 of the cutting tool 168 in the mode of direct counting of control pulses by the acting pulses on the motor 63 with a frequency of 10,000 1 / s and the moment of contact with the hardest surfaces of products 4 and 5, in which the feed speed is switched from 50 μm / s to 0.44 μm / s.

The moment of contact is expected at a displacement length of 194.09 - 20.275 = 173.815 μm after 3.48 seconds, but due to dimensional wear of the cutting tool 167, the actual moment of contact occurred after 3.28 seconds, which corresponds to 10 μm of dimensional wear of the cutting tool 167 Therefore, the actual value of the removed allowance Σ HF cutting tools 5 and 167 for the respective elastic processing systems 2 will be:
Σ H1F = 181.582 μm;
Σ H2F = 176.135 μm;
Σ H4F = 171.39 microns;
Σ H4.5F = 163.815 microns.

Given this specified dimensional wear of the cutting tool 167, the corresponding adjustment is made in the dimensional setting of the machine 1 along the Z coordinate axis when working with the cutting tool 168. After fixing the moment of contact at a speed of 0.44 μm / s, a periodic cut-in macro feed from the drive 14 along the Z coordinate axis is carried out by an amount equal to the value of the static component of elastic strains in processing systems with products 4 and 5, that is, equal to Δ 167 (4,5) Ф = 20.275 microns. At the end of this process, that is, after 65.4 seconds, the position of the producing tool surface 6 of the cutting tool 168 will correspond to the final position of the producing tool surface 6 of the cutting tool 167. At the indicated points of alignment of the shaping planes 6 of the cutting tool 168 with the cutting tool 167 sensors 35 operational monitoring system 142 fix the static leaving elastic deformations in the processing systems 2, which for the corresponding processed products have the following quantities:
- for product N 1 - -2.48 μm;
- for product N 2 - -7.965 microns;
- for product N 3 - -12.71 microns;
- for products N 4 and N 5 - -20.275 microns.

Then, two longitudinal passes of the table 9 are carried out along the X coordinate axis with respect to the support 8 with the periodic discrete mortise macro feed along the Z coordinate axis turned off from the drive 14 and, using sensors 35 of the operational control system 142, they record changes in the static components of elastic deformations in the processing systems 2, which, for the corresponding processed products have the following values:
- for product N 1 - 2,388 and 2.3 microns;
- for product N 2 - 7,808 and 7,772 microns;
- for product No. 3 - 12.614 and 12.519 microns;
- for products N 4 and N 5 - 20.178 and 20.082 microns.

- количество W168j знакопеременных возвратно-поворотных мод пластической деформации при синхронном образовании в результате накопления усталости множества единичных пластически деформированных стружек с линейными размерами каждой 0,05 мкм для соответствующей j-ой упругой обрабатывающей системы 2, которое составляет:

- диаметр d168j пятна контакта режущего инструмента 168 с обрабатываемой поверхностью j-го изделия для соответствующей упругой обрабатывающей системы 2, который составляет:

- наибольшая скорость продольной подачи V168j вдоль координатной оси X станка 1 для каждой j-ой упругой обрабатывающей системы 2, которая составляет:
V168(1) = 1500000 + 352174 · 33,5 = 142,7 мкм/с;
V168(2) = 1500000 + 330031 · 32,4 = 147,3 мкм/с;
V168(3) = 1500000 + 327129 · 32,3 = 148,1 мкм/с;
V168(4,5) = 1500000 + 325665 · 32,2 = 148,3 мкм/с;
- наибольшая скорость врезной макроподачи δ 168j вдоль координатной оси Z станка 1 для каждой j-ой упругой обрабатывающей системы 2, которая составляет:
δ 168(1) = 2,3 + 10,8 = 0,213 мкм/сек;
δ 168(2) = 7,965 + 34,2 = 0,233 мкм/сек;
δ 168(3) = 12,710 + 54,6 = 0,233 мкм/сек;
δ 168(4,5) = 20,215 + 87,2 = 0,233 мкм/сек;
- время τ 168j одного продольного прохода в направлении координатной оси X станка 1 для каждой j-ой упругой обрабатывающей системы 2, которое составляет:
τ 168(1) = 27500 + 142,7 = 192,7 с;
τ 168(2) = 27500 + 147,3 = 186,7 с;
τ 168(3) = 27500 + 148,1 = 185,7 с;
τ 168(4,5) = 27500 + 148,3 = 185,4 с;
- расчетная величина съема припуска за время одного продольного прохода τ 168j для каждого j-го обрабатываемого изделия 11, которое составляет:
для изделия N 1 - 41,045 мкм;
для изделия N 2 - 43,5 мкм;
для изделия N 3 - 43,27 мкм;
для изделий N 4 и N 5 - 43,20 мкм;
- суммарная величина перемещения Σ S168(1) на режущий инструмент 168 вдоль координатной оси Z от привода 14 из исходного "нулевого" положения в положение окончательной обработки в конце первого продольного прохода составит:
Σ S168 = 3,28 ·10000 · 0,05 + 20,275 + 41,045 = 225,32 мкм.Next, computer calculations in the system 16 for numerical control of the machine 1 calculate for each of the five simultaneously processed products 11 the values of the following parameters of the modes of defect-free size-controlled micro grinding by cutting tool 168, including:
- the actual time constant T168Fj transients of cutting, which for the corresponding j-th elastic processing system 2 is:

- the number W168j of alternating reciprocating modes of plastic deformation during synchronous formation as a result of fatigue accumulation of many single plastically deformed chips with linear dimensions of each 0.05 μm for the corresponding j-th elastic processing system 2, which is:

- diameter d168j of the contact spot of the cutting tool 168 with the machined surface of the j-th product for the corresponding elastic processing system 2, which is:

- the maximum speed of the longitudinal feed V168j along the coordinate axis X of the machine 1 for each j-th elastic processing system 2, which is:
V168 (1) = 1500000 + 352174 · 33.5 = 142.7 μm / s;
V168 (2) = 1500000 + 330031 · 32.4 = 147.3 μm / s;
V168 (3) = 1500000 + 327129 · 32.3 = 148.1 μm / s;
V168 (4.5) = 1500000 + 325665 · 32.2 = 148.3 μm / s;
- the highest mortise macro feed rate δ 168j along the coordinate axis Z of the machine 1 for each j-th elastic processing system 2, which is:
δ 168 (1) = 2.3 + 10.8 = 0.213 μm / s;
δ 168 (2) = 7.965 + 34.2 = 0.233 μm / s;
δ 168 (3) = 12.710 + 54.6 = 0.233 μm / s;
δ 168 (4.5) = 20.215 + 87.2 = 0.233 μm / s;
- time τ 168j of one longitudinal passage in the direction of the coordinate axis X of the machine 1 for each j-th elastic processing system 2, which is:
τ 168 (1) = 27500 + 142.7 = 192.7 s;
τ 168 (2) = 27500 + 147.3 = 186.7 s;
τ 168 (3) = 27500 + 148.1 = 185.7 s;
τ 168 (4.5) = 27500 + 148.3 = 185.4 s;
- the estimated amount of stock removal during one longitudinal pass τ 168j for each j-th workpiece 11, which is:
for product N 1 - 41.045 microns;
for product N 2 - 43.5 microns;
for product N 3 - 43.27 microns;
for products N 4 and N 5 - 43.20 microns;
- the total amount of movement Σ S168 (1) on the cutting tool 168 along the coordinate axis Z from the drive 14 from the initial "zero" position to the final processing position at the end of the first longitudinal passage will be:
Σ S168 = 3.28 · 10000 · 0.05 + 20.275 + 41.045 = 225.32 μm.

Based on the specified calculation data, the following 16 defect-free size-controlled micro grinding grinding cutting tools 168 are set in the system 16 for numerical program control of the machine 1, which are common for all five simultaneously processed products 11, including:
- the length of the longitudinal movement of the table 9 relative to the support 8 along the coordinate axis X of the machine 1, equal to 27500 microns;
- the greatest fluctuations of the support 8 with the table 9 along the inclined guides 60 of the bed 3 along the coordinate axis Y of the machine 1 from the drive 13, equal to +16.75 microns;
- the speed of the longitudinal movement of the table 9 along the coordinate axis X of the machine 1 from the drive 12, equal to 142.7 μm / s;
- mortise macro feed rate normal to the plane of shaping 6 along the coordinate axis Z from the drive 14, equal to 0.213 μm / sec.

 Next, carry out removal / allowance from each j-th workpiece in these modes with the identification in real time of the parameters of defect-free microcuts according to the indicated rules of technological diagnostics, similar to processing with a cutting tool 5.

At the end of the first longitudinal pass, the allowance will be removed from each j-th workpiece, including:
with product N 1 - 41.038 microns;
with product N 2 - 43.791 microns;
with the product N 3 - 44.180 microns;
from products N 4 and N 5 - 44.378 microns.

The expected total value of the removed allowance from each j-th workpiece with cutting tools 5, 167 and the first longitudinal pass with cutting tool 168 is equal, including:
from the product N 1 - 181.582 + 41.038 + (2.520 - 2.3) = 222.84 microns;
from product N 2 - 176.135 + 43.791 + (7.965 - 7.772) = 220.119 microns;
from product N 3 - 171.39 + 44.180 + (12.71 - 12.518) = 215.762 μm;
from articles N 4 and N 5 - 163.315 + 44.378 + (20.275 - 20.082) = 207.886 μm.

 The actual size between the most "hard" (N 4 and N 5) products and the most "soft" (N 1) product is 14.954 microns.

 Then form the control program for the final removal of the allowance in order to eliminate the specified different sizes between the individual products from the batch of five simultaneously processed products 11 (relative to the product No. 1) in the second longitudinal passage. Moreover, as a regulatory action on the corresponding j-th elastic processing system 2, a mortise micro feed from the corresponding sensor 35 of the multi-channel digital piezoelectric drive 136 is used in the direction normal to the shaping plane 6 of the cutting tool 168 with the drive 14 of the discrete mortise macro feed along the coordinate axis Z of the machine 1.

Further, based on the condition of maintaining a constant location of the producing tool surface 6 of the cutting tool 168 (throughout the second longitudinal passage) relative to the initial “zero” location thereof, equal to 225.320 μm, from the condition of maintaining throughout the second longitudinal passage the constancy of the values of the static component of elastic deformation in each j-th elastic processing system 2, including equal:
on the product N 1 - 2.3 microns;
on the product N 2 - 5.019 = (7.772 - 43.791 + 41.038) microns;
on the product N 3 - 9.376 = (12.518 - 44.180 + 41.038) microns;
on products N 4 and N 5 - 16.742 = (20.082 - 44.378 + 41.038) μm,
and also proceed from the condition that the longitudinal feed rate from the drive 12 along the coordinate axis X is 142.7 μm / s, and the conditions that the greatest fluctuations of the support 8 with table 9 along the inclined guides 60 of the bed 3 along the coordinate axis Y is +16, 75 μm, and also calculate in the computer of the device 16 numerical program control of the machine 1 the total number of discrete uniform increments of the linear size of the piezoelectric element in each sensor 35 of a multi-channel digital piezoelectric drive 136 at a frequency of control pulses owls (1,500,000 1 / s) in each Jth product simultaneously processed 11.

At the same time, the constant number of W168j constant alternating plastic deformation modes with simultaneous formation of a plurality of individual plastically deformed shavings with linear dimensions of each of them equal to 0.05 μm and which for the corresponding elastic processing systems 2 are equal to:
for product N 1 - W168 (1) = 352174;
for product N 2 - W168 (2) = 330031;
for product No. 3 - W168 (3) = 327129;
for products N 4 and N 5 - W168 (4,5) = 325665.

To remove the allowance from each j-th workpiece, numerically equal to the value of the static component of the elastic deformation of the corresponding processing system, the total number of these discrete uniform linear increments in the size of the piezoelectric elements in the multi-channel digital piezoelectric drive 136 for each j-th workpiece will be, including :
for product N 1 - 2.3 + 0.05 · 352174 = 16200004;
for product No. 2, 5.019 + 0.05 · 330031 = 33128511;
for product No. 3 - 9.376 + 0.05 · 327129 = 61343230;
for products N 4 and N 5 - 16.742 + 0.05325665 = 109045668.

Based on these data, the exposure time of the multi-channel piezoelectric actuator 136 on the machined surface of each j-th product is calculated, including:
on product N 1 - 10.8 sec;
on product N 2 - 22.09 sec;
on product N 3 - 40.9 sec;
for articles N 4 and N 5 - 72.7 sec.

With the specified calculation modes, the cutting tool 168 processes the second longitudinal passage. The length of the second longitudinal passage of the table 9 relative to the caliper 8 is equal to:
72.7 · 142.7 = 10374.29 μm.

 Then the processed products 11 are moved to their initial “zero” position from the producing tool surface 6 of the cutting tool 168 along the coordinate axis Z of the machine 1 using the drive 14 by a value of 225.32 microns (retraction time is 4.08 seconds). After that, the processed surfaces of the products 11 are returned to the previous “working” position to the producing tool surface 6 of the cutting tool 167. The reinstallation time is 2 seconds. Then, at a speed of 50 μm / s, a moment of contact is expected after 4.7 seconds (that is, when moving by a value of 235.32 μm) and the moment of such contact is recorded after 4.6 seconds, which corresponds to the indicated actual movement by a value of 230.32 μm along the coordinate axis Z from the drive 14.

 The difference between the indicated calculated and actual displacements, equal to 5 μm, is caused by dimensional wear of the tops 7 of the cutting grains 85 on the producing tool surface 6 of the cutting tool 168.

 In this regard, the actual total value of the removed allowance during processing with cutting tools 5, 167 and 168 for each of the five simultaneously processed products is 220.14 microns. In this case, the largest size of different sizes does not exceed 0.5 microns.

The total Σ t168 processing time by the cutting tool 168 simultaneously of five products 11 is equal to:
Σ t168 = 64.4 + 192.7 + 72.7 + 13.96 = 343.76 sec.

 The total time of two successive reinstallations of the table 9 relative to the support 8 along the coordinate axis X is 1.833 · 2 = 3.8 seconds.

The total processing time of one face on 15 products with cutting tool 168 is:
3.8 + 3 · 343.76 = 1035.08 sec.

The total processing time of one face on one product with a cutting tool 168 is:
1035.08 + 15 = 69.005 seconds

The total processing time of one face on one product sequentially cutting tools 3, 167 and 168 is:
(427.59 + 619.07 + 1035.08) + 15 = 138.8 seconds

 The smallest total number of processed products with one face oriented only in the “solid” direction, with the complete absence of micro grinding of defects (natural diamond products for nanoelectronics and medicine) brought into the surface layer by one operator in one shift while servicing 2 machines with numerical control is 400 products per shift.

 The smallest annual output of these products by 3 operators in three shifts on 2 machines with numerical control is 420,000 products per year.

 Thus, the complex technical solution of the proposed method, device and device according to the invention for the first time in the world practice of machining when cutting natural diamonds allows for defect-free size-controlled micro grinding even if the cutting speed vector coincides with the “hard” direction to abrasion of the crystalline diamond gratings. This makes it possible for the first time to flexibly with reproducible results automate the process of group cutting of diamonds in various types of production on numerically controlled machines while minimizing the weight loss of each individual high-tech product made of natural diamonds for nano- and microelectronics, medicine and jewelry based on computer technologies. Therefore, the method and apparatus proposed according to the invention makes it possible for the first time to formulate and implement technical requirements for the manufacture of corresponding multi-axis machine modules of various sizes with intelligent systems of numerical control.

At the same time, structural and layout solutions of machine modules provide the following basic technological capabilities:
- size-controlled micro grinding in an elastic processing system with ultra-low cut-in feed, with an adaptive selection of stock removal rates in the area of plastic micro grinding and their technological diagnostics, providing a stable discrete chip formation process and obtaining optical cleanliness characteristics on the treated surface (R _z = 0.05 μm);
- a combination of technological operations of grinding and micro grinding of previously unprocessed workpieces with the absence of defects in the surface layer of the finished product as a result of processing introduced by the technological process;
- geometric processing accuracy for deviations from flatness not more than 1.0 microns on an area of 100 & 100 mm;
- dimensional accuracy of processing by deviations from the given linear dimensions of the finished product is not more than 1.0 microns.

The technological and software of intelligent systems for numerical program control of multi-axis machine modules provide:
- automatic determination of the range of intensity regimes of defect-free stock removal under real (specific) processing conditions, taking into account the actual mechanical characteristics of the hard-structural and anisotropic processed material and mineral (diamond);
- technological diagnostics and operational formation of the intensity regimes of defect-free removal of allowance taking into account the actual cutting ability of the tool, the value of the initial allowance for processing, elastic and temperature deformations in the processing system;
- control of the process of forming a separate surface by the "trace" method in polyhedral products of an arbitrarily defined shape under batch processing conditions with minimization of weight losses of each individual product.

Super precision multi-axis machine modules with numerical control allow you to provide:
- the number of simultaneously controlled coordinate axes - 6;
- the number of spindles for the cutting tool (turret) - 3;
- discreteness of the task and practicing movements on:
axes X, Y, microns - 0.05;
Z axis, microns - 0.005;
axes A, B, degrees - 0.0001;
- maximum displacement values for:
linear axis X, mm - from 350 to 1000;
linear axis Y, mm - from 150 to 300;
linear axis Z, mm - up to 10;
circular axis A, degree - 90;
circular axis B, degrees - 360 degrees · N;
- range of working feeds, mm / min - 0.06 ... 4500;
- range of spindle speeds with cutting tools, rpm - 3000 ... 10000;
- the number of simultaneously processed products fixed in a replaceable multi-seat cassette - 15;
- the roughness of the treated surface R _z , microns - 0.03 ... 0.05.

 Technical solutions of the mechanical, electrical and electronic parts of the machine and mathematical software meet the requirements of further improvement of its consumer properties based on computer technology by expanding technological capabilities and concentration of operations. In this regard, it is possible to further improve the machine by increasing the basic technological capabilities (processing the initial arbitrary shape of each "raw" diamond into a diamond, including preliminary and final processing of the "girdle", the edges of the "pavilion" and the edges of the "crown") with additional functions that provide with one resolution, the measurement and certification of each individual "raw" diamond with the preparation of the technological route of machining and control program, geometric shapes formation of the end product, as well as additional functions for measuring and certification of individual internal defects without removing the processed diamonds from the machine, as well as elimination of the detected individual defects in the diamonds influence on them, such as a laser beam directly on the machine.

As a result of applying the method and device proposed according to the invention, it is possible to provide the following output economic indicators:
- combine grinding and micro grinding operations with the complete elimination of microcracks and achieve optical cleanliness classes on the treated surface;
- to achieve with reproducible results the high quality and dimensional stability of the processed optical surfaces on technologically sophisticated parts by the operator, regardless of his skill level;
- to increase the accuracy of processing and reduce the proportion of surface exposed to brittle fracture during grinding from 99% to 5%;
- carry out automatic selection of optimal cutting conditions at higher technological parameters than with manual polishing and grinding operations;
- carry out batch processing of jewelry insert type items (diameter 1 - 25 mm) in a 15-seat removable cartridge with a stable aesthetic quality corresponding to the diamond cut, in the conditions of small-scale and mass production while minimizing weight losses on each individual product;
- provide a 10-fold increase in productivity in case of refusal to use highly skilled operators (cutters), as well as from finishing operations (grinding, polishing);
- ensure an annual volume of 30,000 pieces per year when cutting jewelry inserts with 57 facets of natural diamonds (25,000 carats) by three operators on 2 machines with 3 shifts;
- to provide an annual volume of 420,000 pieces per year when processing in the "solid" direction of substrates from natural diamonds for products of nano- and microelectronics by three operators on 2 machines with 3-shift operation.

Claims (32)

 1. A method of dimensional micro-grinding of products by means of an elastic processing system of a grinding machine having a tool producing tool surface with associated cutting grains, including the action of the tool on the workpiece workpiece surface using a complex motion resulting from the rotational movement of the producing tool surface, multi-pass reverse longitudinal movements of the touch points machined surface with a manufacturing tool ntal surface along the calculated trajectory of the producing tool surface and the mortise feeds carried out at the moment of each reverse along the normal to the plane of forming until the finished product is obtained, the workpiece of which is installed with the ability to move along the coordinate axes of the machine, characterized in that they use a grinding machine with program control, in the program the elastic processing system of the machine, the value of the elastic limit of the system for compression, the specified dimensions of the finished product, the specified height microroughnesses on the surface of the finished product, the value of the calculated parameters for the intensity of stock removal, before grinding on the producing tool surface, cutting grains are formed from the condition of ensuring that they protrude from the bundle to the same height, and during grinding, multi-pass reverse longitudinal movements in each pass are performed discretely with a step, equal to a given height of microroughnesses on the surface of the finished product, while in each pass at each specified point of touch is processed of the surface with the apex of each cutting grain of the producing tool surface, the static and dynamic components of the cutting forces are continuously measured and the values of the static and dynamic components of the elastic deformation of the processing system are continuously determined at each indicated point; during these measurements, the moment of appearance of a periodically uniform dynamic value is determined component of the cutting force corresponding to the moment of exit of the processing system to a controlled grinding mode, in which at least one of the parameters of the stock removal rate is continuously adjusted so that at each point of contact the value of the dynamic component of the elastic deformation of the processing system does not exceed a given height of microroughnesses on the processed surface of the finished product, and the sum of static and dynamic components of the elastic deformation of the processing system of the machine did not exceed the specified limit of elasticity for compression of this system.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cut-in feed at the time of each reverse is carried out discretely with a step equal to the distance between the atoms of the crystal lattice of the material of the workpiece, while the depth of these feeds from the passage to the passage is reduced according to the law of decreasing geometric progression.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the formation of cutting grains is carried out by performing on the producing tool surface of radially arranged protrusions with vertices lying in the same plane that coincides with the plane of shaping.  4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the producing tool surface is shaped like a truncated cone, the smaller base of which is facing the surface to be machined, while the formation of cutting grains is carried out by performing on the producing tool surface radially located protrusions with vertices lying on the generatrix specified cone. 5. The method according to any one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the longitudinal movement of each touch point is carried out with a speed V, which is determined from the condition
V = R _z
where R _z - a given height of microroughnesses on the processed surface of the finished product, microns;
f is the number of touch points of the work surface with the producing tool surface in one second. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a predetermined law for changing the depth of the mortise feeds from aisle to aisle, a predetermined longitudinal velocity of touch points (V, μm / s) and a given length (L, μm) are introduced into the program of the elastic processing system of the machine ) the calculated trajectory of one pass, and during processing, the static component of the cutting force in the direction normal to the shaping plane is continuously fixed in each pass at each touch point of the work surface with the top of each cutting grain, they follow the law of changing the sum of these components from the passage to the passage, continuously compare this law with the given law of changing the depth of the mortise feeds from the passage to the passage and continuously determine the time interval (T, s) of the beginning of compliance of these laws, after which the value of the static component of elastic deformation is determined ( Δ, μm) of the processing system from the condition

where δ is the depth of the mortise feed at the time the processing system of the machine enters the controlled grinding mode, microns. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the value of the dynamic component of the elastic deformation (λ, μm) is determined from the ratio

where R _d - the value of the dynamic component of the cutting force, kgf;
P _with - the value of the static component of the cutting force, kgf. 8. The method according to PP.2 and 6, characterized in that in the process of longitudinal movement carry out additional discrete cut-in feeds normal to the plane of shaping with a frequency equal to the frequency of exposure of the cutting grains to the treated surface, and with a step (S, μm), determined from the relation

where f is the number of touch points of the machined surface with the producing tool surface in one second.  9. The method according to PP.1 and 6, characterized in that the adjustment of the intensity of removal of stock is carried out by increasing the speed of rotation of the producing tool surface.  10. The method according to PP.1 and 6, characterized in that the adjustment of the intensity of stock removal is carried out by simultaneously increasing the rotation speeds of the producing tool surface and the longitudinal movement of these points of contact and reducing the depth of the mortise feeds at the time of reverse.  11. The method according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that the adjustment of the intensity of stock removal is carried out by increasing the speed of longitudinal movement of each touch point as the radius of each touch point relative to the axis of rotation of the producing tool surface increases.  12. The method according to PP.1 and 6, characterized in that the adjustment of the intensity of removal of the allowance is carried out by adjusting the trajectory of each touch point along the producing tool surface.  13. The method according to any one of paragraphs.11 to 12, characterized in that during the grinding process, additionally, coordinated in the coordinate axes of the machine move each touch point along the generatrix and guide lines of the workpiece.  14. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that at the same time grinding a group of workpieces of products containing at least two workpieces, while the elastic limit of the system corresponding to each workpiece of the product is introduced into the program of the elastic processing system of the machine.  15. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 14, characterized in that at least one additional producing tool surface is used, similar to the first, and grinding is performed sequentially with each producing tool surface.  16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is used for processing superhard and brittle materials.  17. A device for micro-grinding products containing a grinding machine, an elastic processing system of the machine, including a fixture mounted on the bed for fastening a cutting tool having a producing tool surface with associated cutting grains, and a support placed under this fixture on which a table with a fixture is mounted workpieces, drive longitudinal movement of the table in the plane of shaping along the coordinate axis X of the machine, drive longitudinal sliding the support with the table in the shaping plane along the machine coordinate axis Y, the drive moving the support with the table along the machine coordinate axis Z normal to the shaping plane, the rotation drive of the cutting tool attachment, characterized in that it includes a numerical control tool, control outputs which is electrically connected with the corresponding drives of rotation of the device for mounting the cutting tool and moving the table with the device for mounting the machining products along the coordinate axes X, Y and Z of the machine, the tops of the cutting grains of the manufacturing tool surface of the cutting tool protrude from the bundle to the same height, and each of the drives for longitudinal movement of the table with a device for attaching workpieces in the plane of shaping along the coordinate axes X and Y of the machine represents the drive of the total mechanism with a planetary-pinion gearbox of cycloidal gearing with two input links connected, respectively, to two drive motors s, an operational control system, with an electric circuit with a piezoelectric force transducer connected in series, placed under the workpiece in the fixture for its fastening and converting the cutting force component at each touch point of the work surface with each cutting grain of the producing tool surface into an electric current voltage, normalizing amplifier voltage and analog-to-digital Converter, the output of which is connected to the corresponding input means of digital about computer-based control and connected to it via a communication interface of a multi-channel linear microinterpolator with a buffer memory, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the table displacement drives with a device for fastening workpieces along the machine’s X, Y and Z coordinate axes, moreover, the system operational control contains a shaper of pulses that carry information about the periodic change in the values of the static and dynamic components of the cutting force, which is connected to the output of the normalizing amplifier, and a frequency meter of the dynamic component of the cutting force, the input of which is connected to the output of the pulse shaper, and its output is connected to the corresponding input of the computer, a digital-to-analog converter, the input of which is connected to the corresponding control output of the computer, and the output of the converter to the control input of the drive of rotation of the device for mounting the cutting tool.  18. The device according to p. 17, characterized in that it has at least one additional cutting tool, the producing tool surface of which is similar to the surface of the first cutting tool, while the tools are installed in the device for mounting them with the possibility of rotation about an axis parallel to coordinate axis Z of the machine.  19. The device according to any one of paragraphs.17 and 18, characterized in that the vertices of the cutting grains of the producing tool surface are individual points located along lines radially located on the producing tool surface of the cutting tool, which are the vertices of the radial protrusions lying in one plane coinciding with the plane of shaping.  20. The device according to any one of paragraphs.17 and 18, characterized in that the producing tool surface of the cutting tool has the shape of a truncated cone, facing a smaller base towards the workpiece, and the tops of the cutting grains are individual points located along radially located on the manufacturing tool the surface of the cutting tool of the lines that are the vertices of the radial protrusions lying on the generatrix of the surface of the truncated cone.  21. The device according to any one of paragraphs.17 and 18, characterized in that the device for fastening the processed products is equipped with a means for fastening the group of processed products containing at least two products, and the operational control system consists of at least two, electrical circuits, each of which includes a piezoelectric force transducer connected in series, located under the corresponding workpiece, a normalizing voltage amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter, the output of which is connected inen to the corresponding computer input.  22. The device according to p. 21, characterized in that the operational control system is additionally equipped with a multi-channel digital signal recorder connected via a communication interface to a computer, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the corresponding analog-to-digital converters of each specified electrical circuit of the operational control system.  23. The device according to p. 22, characterized in that the multi-channel digital signal recorder contains random access memory, the number of which corresponds to the number of processed products, and the inputs are inputs of a multi-channel digital recorder, a pulse generator and a pulse counter connected in series, the control inputs of which are connected to the unit control of the digital recorder, while the outputs of the control unit, the pulse counter and each random access memory are moves the multi-channel digital video recorder.  24. The device according to any one of paragraphs.17 to 23, characterized in that it further comprises a rotary drive of the device for fastening the workpiece around the axis A parallel to the coordinate axis X of the machine, and a rotation drive of this device around the axis B, intersecting at right angles axis A of the machine, while the electrical inputs of these drives are connected to the corresponding outputs of the multi-channel linear microinterpolator provided in the device.  25. The device according to paragraph 24, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a multi-channel digital piezoelectric drive connected via a computer communication interface to a discrete mortise feed of processed products along the machine axis Z, the number of channels of which corresponds to the number of processed products, and corresponding to the number of channels of this drive series-connected digital-to-analog converters and normalizing amplifiers, while the control output channels of this drive are connected are connected to the inputs of the corresponding digital-to-analog converters, and the outputs of the normalizing amplifiers are connected to the corresponding power inputs of the corresponding piezoelectric sensors of each of the mentioned electric circuits.  26. The device according A.25, characterized in that the multi-channel digital piezoelectric drive contains random access memory, the number of which corresponds to the number of processed products and whose inputs are inputs of a multi-channel digital piezoelectric drive, a pulse generator and a pulse counter connected in series, the control inputs of which are connected to the control unit of the piezoelectric drive, while the outputs of the control unit, pulse counter and each operational ominayuschego device are the outputs of the multichannel digital piezoelectric drive.  27. The device according to any one of p. 17 to 26, characterized in that the device for attaching the workpiece contains a housing mounted on the table of the grinding machine with the possibility of rotation around axis A parallel to the coordinate axis X of the machine, located in the housing at least one spindle for mounting workpieces with a gear ring and a rotation drive of at least one spindle by means of a ring gear about an axis B intersecting at a right angle the coordinate axis A of the machine, while the rotation drive contains um two hollow screws mounted parallel and diametrically opposite relative to the ring gear of at least one spindle with the possibility of their interlocking rotation, transverse slots weakening axial stiffness are made in each screw and each end of each screw is fixed in an angular contact rolling bearing with elastic deformation compression in the axial direction of one screw and with elastic tensile strain in the axial direction of another screw.  28. The device according to item 27, wherein the transverse slots in each screw are made in groups and the groups of slots of one screw are staggered relative to the groups of slots of the other screw.  29. The device according to p. 27, characterized in that the machine table has axially mounted devices for adjusting the position of the corresponding piezoelectric sensor, placed coaxially with the corresponding spindle of the device for fastening the processed products, while the device for adjusting the position of the corresponding piezoelectric sensor contains a screw, at the end of which this sensor is fixed with a nut made in the form of a cap, the outer end surface of which is placed and with the possibility of contact with the end surface of the corresponding spindle facing it.  30. The device according to clause 29, characterized in that a recess is made in the body of the device for fastening the workpieces under each spindle and a cap of the corresponding device for adjusting the position of the corresponding piezoelectric sensor is placed in this recess, with the end surface of each spindle in contact with the outer end the surface of the cap is made spherical.  31. A device for attaching workpieces, including a housing mounted on a table of a grinding machine with the possibility of rotation around axis A parallel to the coordinate axis X of the machine, located in the housing, at least one spindle for attaching the workpiece, with a rotation drive of at least one spindle, characterized in that the rotation drive of at least one spindle is provided with angular contact rolling bearings and two hollow screws mounted in parallel and diametrically opposed with respect to the gear ring made on at least one spindle with the possibility of their interlocking rotation, at least one spindle is mounted for rotation by means of a gear ring around the axis B, intersecting the machine axis A at right angles, and in each screw weakening axial stiffness is transverse slots, and each end of each screw is fixed in an angular contact rolling bearing from the condition of providing elastic compression deformation in the axial direction of one screw and with elastic def by stretching in the axial direction of another screw.  32. The device according to p. 31, characterized in that in each screw the transverse slots are made in groups and the group of slots of one screw are staggered relative to the groups of slots of the other screw.

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