RU2164896C1 - Method and installation for continuous production of decorative-facing plates - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of decorative-facing plates designed for civil and industrial engineering, articles of furniture industry and articles of art. SUBSTANCE: the method consists in loading of the source components in moulds and subsequent thermal treatment in a furnace at a temperature 900-950 C with fusion, sintering, crystallization, reduction of temperature before annealing and subsequent annealing the moulds are placed in an open heat-insulated ingot mould plate, which after thermal treatment at the maximum temperature is pushed out of the furnace in the horizontal direction and kept at an ambient temperature for 80 to 90 s, cooling down the plate face surface to 600 to 634 C. Then the plates are placed in a closed volume with a thermal resistance of the walls providing for cooling down to 100 to 140 C at an average rate of cooling from 0.016 to 0.020 deg/S. The installation for production of plates is additionally provided with a manipulator for removal of the cover from the finished ingot mould plate and its placement on the open ingot mould plate, and with a set-point device of the time interval of cover placement on the open ingot mould plate. The manipulator has a carriage provided with a drive for reciprocating horizontal motion with limiting guides for reciprocating motion in the vertical direction, vertical motion drive, bent tie-rods with grippers that are hinge-joined to the frame and vertical motion drive. The drive for stepped movement of the ingot mould plates is made in the form of a closed open horizontal conveyer. EFFECT: reduced temperature differential in plate thickness and surface at cooling in the process of annealing and after it, reduced deformation of equipment. 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of production of decorative facing material based on colored glass granulate and quartz sand, in particular to a method for the manufacture of plates and installations for their continuous production. The plates made are intended for civil and industrial construction, in particular for facing external and internal walls, as well as for flooring, for the furniture industry, in particular, for the manufacture of countertops and for the manufacture of durable art products.

 A known method for the continuous production of decorative facing slabs based on colored glass granulate and quartz sand, including layering the initial components in a mold and subsequent heat treatment with fusion, sintering and annealing in a tunnel furnace (1).

 The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of the obtained plates (the presence of curvatures and cracks) due to the significant temperature difference across the thickness and surface of the plates in the tunnel kiln and suction of cold air.

Closest to the proposed invention in terms of essential features is a method of manufacturing decorative facing plates based on colored glass granulate and quartz sand, comprising loading the starting components into molds and subsequent heat treatment in a furnace at a temperature of 900-950 ^o C with fusion, sintering and crystallization with reduction temperature before annealing to 700-650 ^o C for 2-8 minutes, that is, with an average speed of 0.85 deg / s, and annealing from a temperature of 650 ^o C to 450 ^o C is carried out for 30-40 minutes, that is, medium th speed of 0.097 deg / s, and in the temperature range 450-50 ^o C for 10-15 minutes, that is, with an average speed of 0.555 deg / s (2).

 The disadvantages of the known method of manufacturing decorative cladding plates are the low quality of the annealing of the plates due to the high cooling rate, leading to large temperature differences both in thickness and on the surface of the plates, both during the annealing (with the appearance of residual stresses in the material) and during further cooling (with the appearance of temporary stresses). In addition, the low cooling rate at the initial stage (before annealing) leads to the additional effect of high temperatures on the molds, causing their deformation and worsening the quality of the plates (increasing the thickness and non-flatness).

 A known installation for the continuous production of decorative facing plates based on colored glass granulate and quartz sand, including a tunnel furnace with heating, annealing and cooling zones, equipped with a roller conveyor for moving forms with the source material (1).

 The disadvantages of the known installation is the significant energy and material consumption and low quality of products due to suction of cold air and deformation of the molds and the roller conveyor due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures.

 Closest to the proposed invention in terms of essential features is an installation for the continuous production of decorative cladding panels based on colored glass granulate and quartz sand, including a bell furnace, molds installed in thermally insulated pallets equipped with thermally insulated lids that form a tight connection when in contact with each other, a device for step-by-step movement of pallets and a mechanism for pressing them to a bell furnace (3).

The disadvantages of the known installation for decorative tiles are:
- a large temperature difference across the thickness and surface of the plates due to the high cooling rate during and after annealing of the plates and unregulated temperature difference due to suction of cold air (when the covers are deformed), edge effects and the thermal effect of the pallets on each other, which worsens the annealing and reduces the percentage of yield;
- deformation of pallets and lids due to mechanical and long-term high-temperature influences, which reduces the service life of the equipment and degrades the quality of the plates (increases the thickness and non-flatness).

 The present invention solves the technical problem of reducing the temperature difference across the thickness and surface of the plates during cooling during and after annealing.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of manufacturing decorative facing plates based on colored glass granulate and quartz sand, which includes loading the starting components into molds and subsequent heat treatment in a furnace at a temperature of 900-950 ^o C with fusion, sintering, crystallization, lowering the temperature before annealing and subsequent annealing, the molds are placed in an open heat-insulated tray, which, after heat treatment at maximum temperature, is pushed out of the furnace in the horizontal direction and kept When ambient temperature for 80-90 seconds, whereby the front surface is cooled down to 600-634 ^o C, then the plate is placed in a closed volume with a thermally insulated wall thermal resistance capable of cooling to 100-400 ^o C at an average cooling rate of 0.016 to 0.020 deg / s.

 The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the installation for the continuous production of decorative cladding plates based on colored glass granulate and quartz sand, including a bell furnace, molds installed in heat-insulated pallets, equipped with heat-insulated lids, forming a tight connection when in contact with each other, a device for stepping moving pallets and the mechanism for pressing them to the bell furnace, is additionally equipped with a manipulator to remove the cover from the finished pallet and lay it open an exhausted pallet emerging from the bell furnace and a setter for the time interval for laying the lid on the open pallet, the manipulator comprising a trolley equipped with a drive with the possibility of reciprocating horizontal movement, a frame with bounding rails, with the possibility of reciprocating movement in the vertical direction, the drive vertical movement, curved rods with a grip pivotally connected to the frame and the vertical movement drive, and a device for the step-by-step movement of pallets in filled in the form of a closed open horizontal conveyor, and the forms for heat treatment of the initial mixture are made of quartz ceramics, and the width of the insulation along the perimeter of the pallet exceeds the thickness of the plates by at least 5 times, with the ratio of thermal insulation resistance along the perimeter of the pallet and in the center of it from 2, 8 to 3.0.

 In the proposed method for the manufacture of decorative cladding plates based on colored glass granulate and quartz sand due to a decrease in the average cooling rate in the critical cooling zone by more than 5 times, and during further cooling by more than 30 times compared to the prototype, temperature differences were reduced by the thickness of the product and the quality of annealing is improved, which gave an increase in yield.

 This was achieved due to annealing of products not in a tunnel furnace, but by placing molds with the material during annealing in a closed heat-insulated volume with the appropriate selection of thermal insulation of the walls of the pallet and lid without additional heat supply, that is, without additional energy consumption.

The decrease in the proposed method, the temperature of the surface of the workpiece before annealing to 600-634 ^o C (in the prototype up to 650-700 ^o C) with a speed of almost 3 times greater than in the prototype, allowed to reduce the thermal effect on the equipment, including pallets and lids, to prevent their deformation, and thereby to eliminate the disordered ingress of cold air on the hot billet during the annealing process and reduce the temperature difference across the thickness and surface of the products. Prevention of the deformation of pallets and lids reduces the thickness and non-flatness of the workpieces, improving the quality of the plates and increasing the percentage of yield. This also increases the life of the equipment.

 The proposed installation for the continuous production of decorative cladding plates allows to reduce the temperature difference across the thickness and surface of the products during and after annealing, due to which annealing is improved and the percentage of suitable products increases.

 In addition, the proposed installation can reduce the deformation of pallets and lids, which improves the quality of annealing and geometry of the plates, and also extends the life of the equipment.

 The use of a manipulator in the proposed installation for removing the lid from the finished pallet and laying it on an open pallet emerging from the bell furnace, in combination with a time interval adjuster, allows you to quickly cool the product to the required temperature and start cooling the product in a closed volume at a lower temperature, which when optimally selected cooling time can significantly reduce the average cooling rate of the product both during the annealing and after it, thereby improving the quality of annealing.

 In addition, the use of a manipulator and a time interval adjuster made it possible to avoid prolonged exposure to high temperatures on equipment, in particular, on the metal arches of the lids, which prevents their deformation and eliminates the disordered ingress of cold air onto the hot billet during the annealing process and thereby reducing the temperature difference across the thickness product surface, improve annealing.

 The implementation of the device for the step-by-step movement of pallets in the form of a closed open horizontal conveyor avoids thermal influences and reduces the deformation of pallets due to thermal and mechanical effects of pallets on each other, which improves the quality of annealing and geometric parameters of products and thereby increases the yield products and equipment life.

 The execution of molds for heat treatment of the initial components made of quartz ceramics can reduce the additional cooling of the edges of the product and avoid deformation and destruction of the molds under periodic thermal shock, when the mold leaves the heated bell furnace and enters the workshop atmosphere, which increases the service life of the equipment.

 In addition, the mold made of quartz ceramics has a minimum coefficient of thermal expansion, and when the mold with the workpiece cools, it practically does not decrease in linear dimensions, which makes it easy to remove the workpiece from the mold.

 Performing the width of thermal insulation along the perimeter of the pallet is 5 times the thickness of the plates with the ratio of the thermal resistance of thermal insulation along the perimeter of the pallet and in the center of it from 2.8 to 3.0, it allows to reduce edge effects and reduce cooling of the ends of the plates, thereby improving annealing.

 A method of manufacturing decorative cladding plates is as follows.

 Pre-uniformly mixed and moistened components: colored glass granules with sizes from 1.6 to 5 mm and quartz sand, fall into pre-cleaned forms on a thin layer of quartz sand.

Four prepared forms are installed in the recesses of the insulated tray, which is pressed along the lower perimeter to the electric bell furnace, preheated to 900-950 ^o C. In this position, the pallet can withstand 40-45 minutes.

 In FIG. Figure 1 shows a graph of the temperature change of the front surface of the plate during the heat treatment obtained as a result of the experiment.

Within 43 minutes there is an intensive heating of the starting materials in quartz forms. In this position, fusion, sintering, and crystallization occur in the starting components. After that, the heated pan with molds is pushed out of the furnace in a horizontal direction into the environment and held for 80-90 seconds. In this case, the front surface of the plates is cooled to 600-634 ^o C. At this temperature, the pallet is covered with a thermally insulated lid, placing the plate in a closed thermally insulated volume. The thermal resistance of the walls of the closed heat-insulated pallet is selected so that the average cooling rate of the front surface of the plate to 100-140 ^o C is 0.016-0.020 deg / s, and the cooling time in the closed heat-insulated volume is 7.5-7.8 hours.

When cooling the front surface of the plate to 100-140 ^o C remove the insulated lid from the pallet and leave the pallet at an ambient temperature of 1-1.2 hours. The total cooling time is 9 hours.

 After cooling, the slabs are machined at the ends with a diamond tool to produce slabs with precise geometric dimensions. After machining the plates, the quality control department is checked, they are packed and sent to the warehouse.

 Example. Pre-cleaned from dust, dirt and adhering particles forms of size 330x430 mm, made of quartz ceramics, coated inside with kaolin slip and dried.

 A layer of quartz sand with a thickness of 2 mm is poured into the dried form at the bottom and then a layer of a 20 mm thick mixture moistened to 4% (to obtain a finished plate 12 mm thick) of colored glass granulate and quartz sand and tamped with a mixture.

To obtain decorative cladding plates of blue color, colored glass granules are used with a granule size of 1.6 to 5 mm of the following chemical composition, wt.%: SiO - 60.0; Na ₂ O - 16.8; CaO - 5.6; Al ₂ O ₃ - 5.8; P ₂ O ₅ - 9.1; NaNO ₃ - 1.5; CuSO ₄ - 0.8; CuO - 0.4.

Four forms filled with a homogeneous mixture are installed in the recess of the insulated tray. The pan is installed under a preheated electric bell furnace to 930 ^o C and pressed to the lower perimeter of the bell furnace.

 In this position, the pallet withstand 43 ± 1 minute. In the process of heating the mixture, melting, sintering and crystallization take place.

After heat treatment of the mixture at maximum temperature, the pan is pushed out of the furnace in a horizontal direction into the atmosphere of the workshop at a temperature of 20-30 ^o C. Pushing the heated pan out of the furnace in the horizontal direction prevents additional thermal effect of the furnace on the plates, which ensures maximum cooling of the plates up to 600-634 ^o C. In addition, the uncontrolled thermal effect of pallets on each other is excluded (this effect occurs if the pallet is pushed out of the horizontal direction) and mechanical their action on each other.

At ambient temperature, the pallet can withstand 80-90 seconds, while the surface of the plates is cooled to 600-634 ^o C. Exposure to the pallet with plates at an ambient temperature of more than 90 seconds leads to cooling of the plates below 600 ^o C, which becomes dangerous for the plates for occurrence of residual stresses in the plates. Reducing the cooling time at an ambient temperature of less than 80 seconds leads to an increase in the surface temperature of the plates, which, in turn, increases the rate of cooling of the plates during the annealing process and the heat load on the metal screen of the insulated lid of the pallet (after closing the lid of the pallet) due to the higher plate temperature and longer exposure times. Overheating of the lid screen leads to its deformation and uncontrolled suction of cold air to the heated plate, which impairs the quality of annealing and reduces the service life of the equipment.

After holding the plates for 80-90 seconds at ambient temperature, the pan with the heated plates is covered with a thermally insulated lid, placing the plates in a closed thermally insulated volume. The closed heat-insulated volume has such thermal resistance of the walls that it provides an average cooling rate of plates from 600-634 ^o C to 100-140 ^o C from 0.016 to 0.020 deg / s (while the cooling time of the plates is 7.5-7.8 hours) . After cooling the plates to 100-140 ^o C remove the insulated lid from the pallet and leave it at an ambient temperature of 1-1.2 hours. The total cooling time of the plates is 8.5-9 hours.

 Experiments have shown that at such an average cooling rate of the plates, the percentage of yield is increased by 1.5 times. Reducing the time that high temperatures affect the equipment, primarily lids and pallets, and eliminating the mechanical effects of pallets on each other, doubles the service life of the equipment.

 The invention is illustrated by the diagrams shown in FIG. 2, 3, 4.

 In FIG. 2 shows an installation plan for the continuous production of decorative cladding panels.

 In FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus along AA (FIG. 2).

 In FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus along BB (FIG. 2).

 Installation for the continuous production of decorative cladding plates (Fig. 2, 3 and 4) contains a bell furnace 1, molds 2, installed in heat-insulated pallets 3, some of which have heat-insulated covers 4. The installation is equipped with a device for step-by-step movement of the pan 3 to the bell furnace 1, made in the form of a closed open horizontal conveyor 5 and consisting of forward tracks 6, translated rail tracks 7, reverse rail tracks 8 and rail loading tracks 9.

 The installation is equipped with a clamping mechanism 10 (Fig. 3) of the insulated tray 3 with forms 2 from the bottom to the bell furnace 1. The installation is additionally equipped with a manipulator 11 and a time interval adjuster (not shown) for laying the insulated cover 4 on an open thermally insulated tray 3.

 The thermal resistance of thermal insulation 12 around the perimeter of the pallet 3 is 2.8-3.0 times higher than the thermal resistance of thermal insulation in the center.

 On the rail tracks of the conveyor 5, mounted on the frames 13, carriages are installed 14. On each carriage 14 (Figs. 2, 3 and 4) there is a heat-insulated pallet with forms 2 made of quartz ceramic, in which the original components are located: colored glass granulate and quartz sand. Around the perimeter of each pallet 3 there are sealing grooves 16 (Fig. 3) filled with sealing material.

 The forward tracks 6, the transfer tracks 7, the return tracks 8 and the loading tracks 9 (Fig. 2) form a closed open horizontal conveyor 5 with sixteen positions, and from the fourth to the seventh and from the tenth to the fourteenth position, the pallets 3 are closed with insulated covers 4 ( Fig. 3 and 4).

 Along the perimeter, each cover 4 is equipped with knife seals 17 (Fig. 4), and on the upper part of each cover 4 brackets 18 are strengthened (Fig. 4).

 At position two (Fig. 2) above the rail tracks of forward motion 6, a bell furnace 1 is installed (Fig. 3) with electric heaters 19. The bell furnace 1 is provided with knife seals of the furnace 20 from the bottom along the perimeter.

 Under the pallet 3 in the second position (Fig. 3), the mechanism for pressing 10 of the pallet 3 is mounted on the foundation plate 21 together with the carriage 14 to the bottom of the bell furnace 1. The mechanism of pressing 10 of the pallet 3 consists of a pump (not shown), guides 22, a hydraulic lift cylinder 23 and the stem 24 with the sealing sleeve 25 and the pressure plate 26.

 Over the line connecting the positions of three and fourteen (Fig. 2), rails 27 are fixed (Fig. 2 and 3), on which a manipulator 11 is mounted to remove the cover 4 from the finished pallet 3 (position fourteen, Fig. 2), and lay it on an open tray 3 exiting the bell furnace 1 (position three, FIG. 2).

 The manipulator 11 includes a trolley 28 (Fig. 3) mounted on wheels 29 with the possibility of reciprocating horizontal movement on rails 27 and equipped with a chain drive consisting of an engine 30, a chain 31, attached to the trolley 28 and the drive sprocket 32. On the trolley 28 a hydraulic actuator cylinder 33 with a rod 34 is mounted on top, and a hole for the rod 34 is provided in the trolley 28. Bounding guides 35 are attached to the lower plane of the trolley 28, on which they can be moved vertically In the opposite direction, frame 36 is mounted with hinges 37 fixed on its lateral faces. A hole for the rod 34 is provided in frame 36, at the lower end of which a coupling 38 with a hinge is fixed. The hinge of the coupling 38 using curved rods 39 provided with grippers 40 is kinematically connected with the hinge 37 of the frame 36.

 Each rail track (forward stroke 6), (reverse stroke 8), (boot 9) and (transfer 7) (Fig. 2) is equipped with a chain drive 41 (Fig. 3), and a plate 42 is attached to the front wall of each carriage 14, and plates 43 are attached to the chain drive 41. On the loading rail tracks 9 (Fig. 2), a loading trolley 44 (Fig. 3) is installed with the possibility of reciprocating movement with the upper rail tracks 45, and on the rail tracks 7 (Fig. 2) and 4) is mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement of the transfer trolley 46 (Fig. 4) with the upper and rail tracks 47. The installation is equipped with directional switches 48 (Fig. 2) and a timing unit (not shown).

 Installation for continuous production of decorative facing plates works as follows.

 Preliminarily, for all positions from the first to the seventh and the tenth to the fifteenth (Fig. 2), heat-insulated pallets 3 (total of 13 pieces) are installed on carriages 14 (Fig. 3 and 4) (13 in total). At positions four through seven (FIG. 2) and tenth through fourteenth, pallets 3 (FIGS. 3 and 4) are covered with thermally insulated covers 4 (a total of 9 pieces).

 At position one (Fig. 2) in the recess of the insulated tray 3 (Figs. 3 and 4), molds 2 made of quartz ceramics are filled, filled with the initial components 15: colored glass granulate and quartz sand. Subsequently, forms 2 are installed in the recess of all pallets 3.

 From an automatic control system (not shown) or manually include a chain drive 41 (Fig. 3) and using plates 43 mounted on it and plates 42 mounted on the front wall of each carriage 14, all carriages 14, together with heat-insulated pallets 3 located on the track straight path 6 (Fig. 2, 3 and 4) move one step. The carriage 14 (Fig. 3 and 4) with a thermally insulated tray 3, which was at position one (Fig. 2) is moved to position two and installed under a preheated bell-type furnace 1 with electric heaters 19 (Fig. 3).

Stop chain drive 41 when moving it one step occurs when the trip switch 48 ^I (Fig. 2). After that, the chain drives on the transfer tracks 7 (Fig. 2), the return rail 8 and the load path 9 sequentially operate, and each carriage 3 with a pallet 3 moves one step forward throughout the entire horizontal conveyor. Chain drives on the transfer paths 7 and loading paths 9 (Fig. 2) are made reversible.

 In contrast to the movement of the carriages 14 along the rail tracks of the forward 6 and the return stroke 8 (Fig. 2), the movement of the carriages 14 along the rail translated 7 and the loading 9 paths is carried out using the translated 46 (Fig. 4) and loading 44 (Fig. 3) trolleys moreover, the movement process ends when the upper rails 47 (Fig. 4) of the transfer carriage 46 coincide with the rail tracks backward 8 (Fig. 2), and the upper rails 45 (Fig. 3) coincide with the rail tracks straight forward 6 (Fig. 2, 3 and 4).

 At position fifteen (Fig. 2), plates are removed from molds 2 (Fig. 3) and filled into prepared molds 2 of the initial mixture.

Simultaneously with the installation of the carriage 14 (Fig. 3 and 4) with a heat-insulated tray 3 and molds 2 filled with the initial mixture 15, under the warmed bell furnace 1 (Fig. 3), the direction switch 48 ^I (Fig. 2) includes chain drives on the transfer tracks 7 and loading paths 9 for moving the cart 46 (FIG. 4) from position nine to position eight (FIG. 2) and the cart 44 (FIG. 3) from position one to position sixteen. In this case, the directional switch 48 ^I (Fig. 2) includes a pump (not shown) of the hydraulic lift of the clamping mechanism 10 and, using the rod 24 (Fig. 3) with a carriage 14 fixed at the end of the pressure plate 26 together with a heat-insulated tray 3 and forms 2 with the original mix 15 lift up and press the upper part of the insulated tray 3 around the perimeter to the bell furnace 1. At the same time, the blade seals 20 of the bell furnace 1 located along its lower perimeter are included in the sealing grooves 16 located along the upper perimeter of the pan 3 and filled subtracting material.

Simultaneously with the sealing of the pan 3 under the bell furnace 1 using a contact switch (not shown), a time relay (not shown) is turned on, which after 43 ± 1 minutes gives a command to turn on the pump (not shown), leading to lowering the clamping mechanism 10 to its original position . When lowering the carriage 14 with a heat-insulated pallet 3 and forms 2 onto the forward track 6 (Fig. 2, 3 and 4) using a contact switch (not shown), a chain drive 41 (Fig. 3) and with plates 43 and plates are turned on 42 the carriages 14 together with the heat-insulated pallets 3 and the molds 2 are moved one step. Pallet 3 from position two (Fig. 2) moves to position three. Stop chain drive 41 (Fig. 3) when moving one step (at position three (Fig. 2)) is carried out using the direction switch 48 ^II (Fig. 2).

When installing the carriage 14 together with the heat-insulated pallet 3 and forms 2 (Fig. 3) at position three (Fig. 2) using the directional switch 48 ^II turn on the time interval adjuster (not shown) and the reversing motor 30 (Fig. 3) of the manipulator 11 The chain 31 of the manipulator 11, rigidly connected to the upper plane of the carriage 28 of the manipulator 11 and driven by an asterisk 32 of the manipulator 11 from the reversing engine 30, moves the carriage 28 of the manipulator 11, the wheels 29 of which are mounted on the rails 27 in the position above the fourteen position (Fig. 2 )

When the trolley 28 (Fig. 3) approaches the position fourteen (Fig. 2), the directional switch 48 ^{III is} activated and turns on the pump (not shown) of the hydraulic lifter of the manipulator 11 and, using the rod 34 (Fig. 3), moved upward, and curved rods 39 kinematically connected with the hinges of the coupling 38 and the hinges of the frame 37 pushes the grips 40 of the manipulator 11 under the brackets 18 (Fig. 4), mounted on a heat-insulated cover 4 (Fig. 4). With a further upward movement of the stem 34 (Fig. 3), the frame 36 of the manipulator 11 is gripped by the clutch 38 and moved to the lower plane of the trolley 28 of the manipulator 11. When the frame 36 is touched with the lower surface of the trolley 28, a contact switch (not shown) is activated and turns on the reversing motor 30 of the manipulator 11. The chain 31 of the manipulator 11 with the help of an asterisk 32 move the trolley 28 of the manipulator 11 along the rails 27 towards position three (FIG. 2) and, using the directional switch 48 ^IV, stops the manipulator 11 together with the lid 4 (FIG. 3) above the position three (Fig. 2).

 The time interval controller (not shown), having counted the specified time interval (80-90 seconds), gives a command to turn on the pump (not shown) of the manipulator 11 hydraulic lift and the rod 34 (Fig. 3) of the manipulator 11 goes down. Together with the rod 34, the sleeve 38 and the frame 36 of the manipulator 11 mounted on it are lowered. The frame 36 of the manipulator 11 is lowered to the guides 35.

 When this insulated cover 4 (Fig. 3 and 4) is lowered to the upper part of the insulated tray 3 and the knife seals 17 of the cover 4 are included in the sealing grooves 16 of the pallet 3, filled with sealing material.

 The rod 34 (Fig. 3) together with the clutch with the hinge 38 continues to lower down and the curved rods 39 together with the grippers 40 of the manipulator 11, kinematically connected with the hinges 37 of the frame 36 and the joint 38 of the clutch, are retracted to the sides and the grippers 40 come out from under the brackets 18 (Fig. 4) on the insulated cover 4.

 The process of supplying a heat-insulated pallet 3 with forms 2 under a bell-shaped electric furnace 1 and the further step-by-step movement of the pallets 3 on the carriages 14 sequentially in all positions, starting from the first to the sixteenth (Fig. 2), is sequentially repeated in the same way as mechanized removal of the cover 4 is repeated. using the manipulator 11 from the pallet 3 (Fig. 3 and 4) at position fourteen (Fig. 2) and laying it after a certain time specified by the time interval setter, on the pallet 3 at position three (Fig. 2).

 The use of the invention allows to reduce temperature differences across the thickness and surface of the plates by more than two times, improve the quality of annealing, improve the quality of the plates, reducing the thickness variation and non-flatness, and thereby increase the percentage of yield by more than 1.5 times.

 Reducing the deformation of equipment and, in the first place, pallets and lids due to the reduction of thermal and mechanical effects on them allowed to extend the service life of the equipment by more than two times.

Sources of information
1. Copyright certificate N 1546442. cl. C 03 B 31/00, 1990 USSR.

 2. Copyright certificate N 925883, cl. C 03 B 31/00, 1982 (prototype method) of the USSR.

 3. Patent of Russia N 2004507 class. C 03 B 31/00, 1993 (prototype installation).

Claims (2)

1. A method of manufacturing decorative facing plates based on colored glass granulate and quartz sand, comprising loading the starting components into molds and subsequent heat treatment in an oven at 900 - 950 ^o C with melting, sintering, crystallization, lowering the temperature before annealing and subsequent annealing, characterized in that the molds are placed in an open heat-insulated tray, which after heat treatment at maximum temperature is pushed out of the furnace in the horizontal direction and kept at ambient temperature in for 80 - 90 s, cooling the front surface of the plates to 600 - 634 ^o C, then place the plates in a closed thermally insulated volume with thermal resistance of the walls, providing cooling of the front surface of the plate to 100 - 140 ^o C with an average cooling rate of from 0.016 to 0.020 degrees / from.  2. Installation for the continuous production of decorative-facing plates based on colored glass granulate and quartz sand, including a bell furnace, molds installed in heat-insulated pallets, equipped with heat-insulated lids, forming a tight connection when in contact with each other, a device for step-by-step movement of pallets and a pressing mechanism them to the bell furnace, characterized in that the installation is additionally equipped with a manipulator for removing the cover from the finished pallet and laying it on an open pallet, above coming from the bell furnace, and the setter of the time interval for laying the lid on an open pallet, the manipulator comprising a trolley equipped with a drive with the possibility of reciprocating horizontal movement, a frame with bounding guides with the possibility of reciprocating movement in the vertical direction, vertical drive, curved rods with grippers pivotally connected to the frame and the vertical displacement drive, the device for the stepwise movement of pallets is made in the form of a lock bent open horizontal conveyor, and the molds for heat treatment of the initial mixture are made of quartz ceramic, and the width of the insulation along the perimeter of the pallet exceeds the thickness of the plates by at least 5 times, with the ratio of thermal insulation resistance along the perimeter of the pallet and in the center of it from 2.8 to 3 , 0.

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