RU2163531C1 - Apparatus for abrasive working - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical working of metals by means of abrasive tools, possibly grinding, honing and grinding-honing. SUBSTANCE: apparatus includes flange mounted on spindle and supporting grinding wheel secured to it by acute inclination angle. Flange has oblique inner bearing end surface and it is movably mounted on spindle with possibility of rotation relative to lengthwise axis by means of balls placed on ends of surfaces engaging with them. End cam is rigidly mounted on tail spindle of machine tool, raceway of end cam is in constant engagement with roller. The last is mounted in one arm of Г--shaped lever. Other arm of said lever is introduced to groove of flange. Г--shaped lever is mounted on spindle with the aid of cross pin and it is spring-loaded towards cam by means of spring arranged in strut. At operation oscillation motion of grinding wheel is applied upon its rotation motion. It provides effective removal of waste material at grinding and lowered temperature in working zone, improves grinding capability of wheel and roughness degree of ground surfaces. EFFECT: enhanced quality and efficiency of grinding. 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the machining of metals with an abrasive tool and can be used for grinding, grinding, honing.

 A device for grinding, made in the form of a holder fixed in the machine pins with abrasive elements mounted with axial movement, the device is equipped with an end cam mounted rigidly on the pin, and the holder is equipped with spring-loaded rollers installed between the end cam and abrasive elements [1 ].

 The disadvantages of the known device is the impossibility of periodically changing the direction of rotation of the abrasive grains, the inefficiency of their work, the reduction in the quality of processing, the deterioration of waste disposal and, as a consequence, the temperature increase in the treatment zone.

 In addition, the narrow specialization of the device (only for processing flat surfaces) limits the scope of the design, which cannot be used for surfaces of revolution.

 The closest in technical essence to the invention is a device for external grinding by the periphery of the wheel using torsional vibrations, containing a flange mounted on the spindle with a grinding wheel mounted on it [2].

 The disadvantages of the known device is the design complexity of the drive of torsional vibrations, inevitably appearing backlash and gaps during assembly and operation of which will lead to rapid wear and failure of the structure.

 In addition, the narrow specialization of the device limits the scope of the design.

 The objective of the invention is to improve the quality and productivity of processing due to periodic changes in the direction of rotation.

 The problem is solved using the proposed device for abrasive processing of surfaces by the periphery of the circle, containing a flange mounted on the spindle with a grinding wheel mounted on it, while it is equipped with an end cam mounted on pins, an L-shaped lever that carries a roller and pivotally mounted on the transverse axis on the spindle with the possibility of contact with one shoulder through the said roller with an end cam, and with the other with a groove made on the flange, a stand with a compression spring fixed to it for cookies of constant contact of the L-shaped lever with the end cam, as well as oblique washers for fastening the circle on the flange and nuts for fastening the flange on the spindle, while the flange is made with an oblique internal supporting end and mounted on the spindle movably with the possibility of rotation about the longitudinal axis by means of balls located at the ends of the surfaces in contact with them.

 In FIG. 1 shows a device for abrasive surface treatment by the periphery of a circle, a general view; in FIG. 2 is a view A in FIG. 1, a longitudinal section; in FIG. 3 is a view B in FIG. 1; in FIG. 4 - section bb in figure 1; in FIG. 5 is a section GG in FIG. 3.

A device for abrasive processing of surfaces by the periphery of a circle contains a flange 1 having a shoulder with an oblique (at an angle α to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis) internal supporting end 2, on which the disk tool is installed at an acute angle to the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis using oblique ( with an angle α) of washers 3, due to which it is possible to smoothly change the angle of inclination from 0 to 2α.
The circle is mounted on the flange 1 with the nut 4. The flange 1 with the fixed circle is mounted on the spindle cylindrical neck movably with a gap along the sliding fit and is fastened from the longitudinal movement by the nuts 5 through the balls 6 located in the circular grooves of the end surfaces in contact with them.

 This fastening of the flange 1 assembly with a circle on the spindle allows you to make a circle oscillatory reciprocating motion. The end cam 8 is rigidly mounted on the pins of the machine 7, its treadmill is constantly in contact with the roller 9 located on one curved shoulder of the L-shaped lever 10.

 With another straight shoulder, the L-shaped lever 10 enters the groove 11 of the flange 1.

 L-shaped lever 10 is pivotally mounted on the spindle on the transverse axis 12 and is spring-loaded to the cam 8 by a spring 13, which is mounted on the rack 14.

 The device operates as follows.

 When the spindle is rotated, flange 1 is rotated and the circle is set at an angle to the axis of rotation, so that the cutting zone will oscillate.

 At the same time, rolling of the roller 9 along the stationary profile treadmill of the cam 8. As a result, the curved shoulder of the L-shaped lever 10, spring-loaded towards the cam, performs a longitudinal reciprocating motion, and the other rectilinear shoulder transversely reciprocating, resulting in oscillatory rotational motion flange 1 with a circle.

 As a result of superposition of the oscillatory motion on the rotational circle, it accelerates, then slows down.

 The number of spindle revolutions, the amount of treadmill lifting of the cam 8, the gear ratio of the curved and rectilinear shoulders of the L-shaped lever 10 can be chosen so that approximately half the circumference of the circle would rotate the circle in one direction and the other half in the opposite direction angular rotational speeds would be equal.

 This is the best option.

 The grinding accuracy using this device largely depends on the diametrical clearance between flange 1 and the spindle neck on which the device is mounted, and durability on the materials of which this pair is made.

 The flange-spindle connection will be a plain bearing. Therefore, the selection of materials for the flange and spindle and the accuracy of their manufacture should be especially carefully considered.

 For spindle, 40X (GOST 4543-71) and 65G (GOST 1050-74) steels are recommended, which have high wear resistance with hardening of the neck and grinding of its diameter with an accuracy of at least 6 degrees (h6).

 The flange is made of anti-friction cast iron АЧС-1, АЧС-2 (GOST 1585-70) with a hole d of 7 accuracy class (H7).

 With a periodic change in the direction of rotation, the abrasive grains of the circle work not one face, but alternately opposite, so the blunting of the grains decreases, which positively affects the quality of processing.

 At the same time, setting the circle at an acute angle (ranging from 0 to 2 α) to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation makes it oscillate the contact zone of the circle and the workpiece, increases the gripping cutting area, reduces the number of grains that do not cut, but follow cutting, thereby increasing the grinding efficiency, and reduces the temperature in the processing zone.

 In addition, with a periodic change in rotation, better removal of grinding wastes and, as a result, an additional decrease in temperature in the processing zone is ensured.

 Superimposing on the rotational movement of a periodic oscillatory circle allows you to implement the principle of a non-repeating trace, making it possible to increase the cutting ability of the circle and significantly improve the roughness of the machined surfaces.

 Oscillation of the cutting zone in space and the change in the speed of the wheel over time can reduce the heat stress of the process, increase processing productivity by 2 or more times and reduce tool consumption.

Sources of information taken into account
1. Auth. St. USSR N 1093526, MKI B 24 D 13/00, 3480816 / 25-08, decl. 08/10/82, publ. 05/23/84. Bull. N 19.

 2. Auth. St. USSR N 961933, MKI V 24 V 45/00. Kuibyshev Polytechnic Institute. - September 30, 1982. Bull. N 27.

Claims (1)

 A device for abrasive processing of surfaces by the periphery of a circle, comprising a flange mounted on a spindle with a grinding wheel fixed on it, characterized in that it is equipped with an end cam mounted on a pin, an L-shaped lever carrying a roller and pivotally mounted on the transverse axis on the spindle with the possibility contact with one shoulder through said roller with an end cam, and with the other with a groove made on the flange, with a support with a compression spring fixed to it, to ensure constant contact of the L-shaped a lever with an end cam, as well as oblique washers for fastening the circle on the flange and nuts for fastening the flange on the spindle, while the flange is made with an oblique internal supporting end and mounted on the spindle movably with the possibility of rotation relative to the longitudinal axis by means of balls located at the ends of them surfaces.

Images