RU2162647C2 - Method of enriching fish fat with biologically active substances from invertebrate hydrobionts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of treatment-and-prophylactic goods. SUBSTANCE: for preparation of biologically active substances, holothuria, urchins, crabs or shrimps are used as sea invertebrate hydrobionts. From viscera or crusts of these animals concentrates are prepared and then extracted by 96-% ethyl alcohol heated up to 45-60 C at thorough mixing until full solution of concentrate. Alcohol is added in ratio 1:10 of biologically active substance to alcohol. Prepared extract is filtered in hot state and filtrate is settled. The upper layer of residue is used adding to it fish fat heated up to temperature of extraction in ratio 1:50 of biologically active substance to fish fat. Mixture is thoroughly mixed during one hour at the same temperature, then settled and filtered in hot state. Treatment-and-prophylactic effect of biologically active additives containing in enriched fish fat depends on content of such substances as phospholipins, carotinoids, polyunsaturated fat acids, vitamin E, phospholipin-glycoside complex, etc. Antioxidant, antimutagenous and immunostimulating properties of above-mentioned substances are demonstrated at separation of these natural combinations from organs of other animals. EFFECT: broadened assortment of treatment-and-prophylactic products. 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the food industry, in particular to the production of therapeutic products.

 A known method of enriching fish oil with biologically active substances (BAS) of vegetable raw materials, such as hawthorn (A new direction in the enrichment of fish oils EF Rambesa, L. S. Baydalinova. New directions in research in the field of traditional technology of fish processing. 1996. Proceedings of AnlantNIRO, p. 47-54).

 The introduction of a plant component, which is a valuable source of BVA, into fat made it possible to create new therapeutic and prophylactic preparations based on fish oil, enhance their biological effect on the human body, and also stabilize the fat fraction, preventing the rapid development of oxidative processes, but without informing an extraneous product taste, smell and without exerting a harmful physiological effect on the body.

 The known method involves the use of the drug "Polyene" with the content of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of at least 25% as a fat component, and an alcohol-water extract of hawthorn fruit as a vegetable component. To obtain the therapeutic and prophylactic drug "Polyen-phyto" the components are mixed in a predetermined ratio. Currently, fish oil is produced with phyto-additives, the cost of which is much lower than Polyen-phyto. In the manufacture uses the same technology.

 The presence of biologically active compounds in seafood, the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of which is proved, indicates the prospects of their use as a food additive. The internal organs and shells of marine invertebrates such as holothurians, sea urchins, crab or shrimp shells can be used as raw materials for the production of carotenoid concentrates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, saponins (triterpene glycosides), as well as phospholipids concentrate together with saponins (FGK )

 Carotenoids are a widespread group of pigments of the terpene structure. For example, the pigments of holothuria and sea urchins are mainly oxidized carotenoid compounds - astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and the corresponding esters, which exhibit high antioxidant, antitumor, antimutagenic, immunostimulating activities. The mechanism of their action appears in the breakage of oxidation chains, the ability to directly react with peroxide radicals and remove them from the scope of free-chain reactions.

 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the omega-3, -6 family also belong to the group of substances whose use is associated with cardioprotective, immunomodulating, antitumor activity. The biological role of the main fatty acids of these families of eicosapentaic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids is due to the participation in the structural and functional organization of cell membranes (in particular, to ensure protein-lipid interactions) and as precursors in the biosynthesis of a significant group of mediators-economizers through enzymatic systems of the so-called eicosonoid cascade. Preparations based on EPA and DHA are recommended for manifestations of cerebrovascular insufficiency, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, liver diseases, etc.

 Phospholipids belong to the group of food additives that exhibit the properties of emulsifiers, stabilizers, thickeners and gelatiners. They are part of the lipid layer of biological membranes and perform two main functions of the barrier separating the contents of the cell and organelles, and the matrix for immersion of protein molecules in it. The compounds contribute to the restoration of cell membranes, normalization of the processes of lipid transporter in the bloodstream, activation of immunocompetent cells and stabilization of the antioxidant system.

 Saponins (triterpene glycosides) have an extremely wide spectrum of biological activity - cytostatic, neurotropic, hemolytic, cytotoxic, immunomodulating, etc. The activity of glycosides is based on the formation of single ion channels and larger pores, as well as an increase in membrane permeability.

 Concentrate of phospholipids with saponins (FGK) is a composition of natural biologically active substances isolated from marine invertebrates, such as holothurians. FGK combines such substances as lecithin, saponins, PUFA. The combination of several substances in one product, the therapeutic effect of which has been proven, indicates the promise of its use as a food supplement to increase the body's defenses.

 The spectrum of action of biologically active substances obtained from marine invertebrates is wider than that of plant components.

 A method is proposed that allows enriching fish oil for biologically active substances, for the production of which the internal organs or shells of marine invertebrates such as sea cucumbers, sea urchins, crabs or shrimps are used as raw materials.

 To obtain an extract of biologically active substances, concentrates of carotenoids, phospholipids, saponins, phospholipid-glycoside complex (FGK) obtained from these hydrobionts are used.

The extraction of the biologically active substance concentrate is carried out with 96% ethyl alcohol with active stirring, at a temperature of 45-60 ^° C, in the ratio of the biologically active substance concentrate: alcohol 1: 10 until the concentrate is completely dissolved.

 The extract obtained is filtered while hot, the filtrate is standing at the same temperature, then the upper layer of sludge is used, and the lower one is subjected to repeated extraction.

 To the extract prepared in this way, fish oil heated to the extraction temperature is added in the ratio of biologically active extract: fish oil ratio 1: 50, the mixture is actively stirred for one hour at the same temperature, defended and filtered again hot.

 The product "Polyene" can also be used as a fat component.

 Before using or encapsulating, the calculated amount of pure fish oil taking into account the daily dose of enriched fat intake is added to the ready-made clear fish oil concentrate with biologically active substances with constant stirring.

 The proposed method of enrichment of fish oils allows you to get a number of new therapeutic and prophylactic products.

 Depending on the biologically active additives used to produce the extract, biologically active additives have a different spectrum of action on the human body, but antioxidant, antimutagenic, and immunostimulating properties are common to them, which can increase the body's defenses against pathologies such as immunodeficiency, cardiovascular, cancer and other diseases. In addition, the proposed method will allow to organize waste-free production of therapeutic and prophylactic products from marine invertebrates.

 Example.

To 10 g of FGK, which is a waxy oily and viscous mass of dark brown color with a smell characteristic of fish without signs of oxidation, with a mass fraction of phosphorus of at least 2.8%, nitrogen of at least 1.3%, and an acid number of not more than 30 mg KOH / g, containing from 93 to 98% phospholipids, the dominant part of which is lecithin, and the fatty acid composition of lipids is characterized by a high mass fraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids (68.3%), among which EPA predominates (42.50), 96% was added ethyl alcohol, heated to 55 ^o C, in the ratio of concentrate: alcohol 1:10.

 FGC obtained from the internal organs of cucumaria of the Barents Sea (table 1).

The mixture was stirred vigorously for two hours until the FHA concentrate was completely dissolved in alcohol. To maintain a constant temperature of 50 - 55 ^o C, the extraction was carried out in a water bath.

 The extract of biologically active substances was hot filtered through a pleated filter. The obtained filtrate was sedimented and the upper layer of sludge was used, comprising approximately 70% of the obtained volume.

To the finished hot extract in the ratio of extract: fat 1:50 was added fish oil, also heated to a temperature of 55 ^o C.

 To maintain a constant temperature, the mixture was placed in a water bath, stirred for an hour, settled and hot filtered through a folded filtrate (suction filtrate).

 Received a clear enriched fat.

The resulting product was stored in a closed container at a temperature of +10 ^o C.

 Before encapsulation or intended use, the calculated amount of pure fish oil was added to the fat concentrate with biologically active substances, based on the norms of consumption of the product.

или

где m - суточная доза ФГК для взрослого организма, г;
m₁ - количество жира, кг;
1000 - коэффициент пересчета кг в г;
с/100 - содержание сапонинов в ФГК в 1 г;
n - суточная доза потребления обогащенного ФГК рыбьего жира, г.The calculation of the required amount of biologically active substances (for example, FGC) for the enrichment of a certain amount of fish oil was performed according to the formula:

or

where m is the daily dose of FGC for an adult organism, g;
m ₁ is the amount of fat, kg;
1000 - conversion factor kg in g;
s / 100 - the content of saponins in FGK in 1 g;
n - daily intake of FGC-enriched fish oil, g.

 The present invention allows to obtain new therapeutic products that can be used as nutritional supplements. In addition, such additives inhibit the development of oxidative damage to fats, which increases their consumer qualities.

 Biomedical studies have shown the harmlessness of these products when used in physiological doses, regulatory documentation for biologically active food additives has been developed; obtained in the described manner, which are approved by the Research Institute of Nutrition RAMS.

 The therapeutic and prophylactic effect when consuming new biologically active additives contained in fortified fish oil is determined by the content of such substances as phospholipids, carotenoids, PUFAs, vitamin E, FGK and other antioxidant, antimutagenic, immunostimulating and other properties which are proved by the isolation of these natural compounds from organs of other animals.

Claims (1)

A method of enriching fish oil with biologically active substances (BAS), which includes obtaining a BAS extract, filtering it and mixing it in a predetermined ratio with fish oil, characterized in that the BAS is prepared from the internal organs of holothurians, sea urchins or crab shells, shrimps in the form of a concentrate, extract A biologically active substance is obtained by extraction of a biologically active substance concentrate with 96% ethanol at a temperature of 45-60 ^° C and active stirring at a ratio of biologically active substance concentrate: alcohol 1: 10, the obtained extract is filtered while hot, the filtrate is settled They use the top layer of sludge, add to it the fish oil heated to the extraction temperature of the concentrate in the ratio of the extract of biologically active substances: fish oil 1: 50, mix actively for one hour at the same temperature, settle and filter hot.

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