RU2160848C1 - Floating power station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: applicable for generation of electric power with the use of river current without affecting the river proper by construction and without affecting the environment. SUBSTANCE: the power station has a floating base in the form of pont6oons, for example of two interconnected bridges, movably joined under which in the vertical plane are the turbine wheels connected to the generator reduction gear through chain drives. The wheels may operate both in the semi-immersed condition, and under water. It is attained by the fact each wheel vane is made in the form of a number of ladles with dead walls. The ladle bottom is composed of blinds hinge-joined to the ladle walls and overlapping one another; the axes of their rotation coincide with the longer side of the blind and don't coincide with their axes of symmetry, and their rotation about the axis is restricted by stops. From the top the wheel is closed by a housing, and from the bottom it has a flooring beam. The beam and the housing are open from the ends and have brackets and flanges for joining to the wheel, if a necessity of additional sections arises. For life-support of the power station in emergencies provision is made for installation of an additional turbine that is frequently installed on the first pontoon in the direction of motion of the working rod. For stable operation the first pontoon of the floating base is hinge-joined to the bridge. The electric power station is anchored in the working flow. The working wheels are lowered in the flow or to the river bottom at operation in winter. The turbine rotates the generator and generates current. The generator drive system provides for stable automatic operation of the generator at variation of the flow rate and loads in the generator within a wide range. EFFECT: enhanced stability of operation. 2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be applied in any region of Russia.

 Hydro power plants are known in which the main structure is a dam blocking the river bed. It is built in order to raise to a certain level a part of the catchment area of the river and, due to the difference in elevation of water levels before and after the dam, to receive part of its energy potential from the river. The negative aspects of dam hydropower are known. An alternative to it could be damless hydropower, one of the technical solutions of which is the invention.

 The river itself is often a powerful energy source and can give its energy potential without building dams and other complex energy structures on it.

 Closest to the technical nature of the present invention is a "channel hydroelectric power" RF patent N 2002099 C1, IPC F 03 17/06. Author - Ryzhukhin R.S.

 HPP according to patent N 2002099 consists of a turbine, gearbox, generator with their control systems. A jet turbine is lowered into the water stream, which, acting on the turbine blades set at an angle to the stream, rotates its shaft, spinning the generator shaft through the gearbox. However, the use of a jet turbine in a channel hydroelectric power station, the hydraulic coefficient of which cannot be higher than 0.5, the inability of such a turbine to work under ice in the winter season, does not allow the use of these hydroelectric power plants on rivers of 3-6 order without the construction of complex hydraulic structures on the river.

 The purpose of the invention is the improvement of the characteristics of a hydropower installation, the impeller of which operates under ice in a free stream of a river.

 This goal is achieved in that the floating power plant, including a floating base, on which the turbine impellers are located, generators and their drives, characterized in that the floating base is made in the form of pontoons, for example, two connected by bridges under which it is movable in a vertical plane fixed turbine wheels connected to the generator drive. For example, chains, and with pontoons, for example, through a pantograph, each turbine blade made in the form of a series of buckets mounted in line with blind external generators, the bottom of which is drawn from overlapping each other, pivotally fixed to the outer forming ladle shutters, whose rotation axis are not coincide with their longitudinal axis of symmetry and the rotation of which around its axis is limited, for example, by a stop, and the curtain itself is made, for example, in the form of two thin plates connected to each other by transverse ribs in a package, so that creepy between the plates are through-and open with the long sides of the package.

 In addition, the goal is achieved by the fact that the turbine impellers are closed from above by a continuous casing, and from below by a supporting beam connected to the casing by struts on which the impeller bearings are mounted, and the casing, the supporting beam and turbine wheels from the ends have brackets and flanges for connecting to him additional turbine sections.

 Thus, the claimed solution has distinctive features from the prototype, therefore, it meets the criterion of "novelty."

 In FIG. 1 shows a side view of a floating power station; in FIG. 2 is a top view of the station and shows the placement of station equipment in its machine room; in FIG. 3 shows a part of a turbine impeller, its longitudinal section; in FIG. 4 shows a cross section of the impeller; in FIG. 5 shows a view of the curtain.

 The floating power plant according to the invention consists of a floating base, which consists of two pontoons-1 of the "catamaran" type, interconnected in places 2 and 3. The front pontoon, along the river flow, is connected to the bridge - 2 by a hinge - 4 / Fig. 2 /. On the floating base of the station - 1, bollards - 5, winches - 6, the machine room - 7, the main - 8 and auxiliary - 9, the turbines mounted on the floating base movably in a vertical plane with the help of a pantograph - 10 are also placed. 10. Raise and lower impellers of the turbine is carried out using hoists - 11.

 In the machine room of the station - 7 / Fig. 2 / the main shaft - 12, connected to the impeller by a chain drive - 13 is placed. The main shaft - 12, through a conical coupling - 14, is connected to the gearbox - 15, which is connected to the generator through a multi-plate friction clutch - 16 and belt drives - 17 - 18 and pump - 19.

 The control room of the station - 20, the cabinet with electrical equipment - 21 and the throttle - 22, in the pump control system - 19 are also located in the machine room.

 The impeller of the turbine is 8 / Fig. 3 and 4 / consists of a shaft - 23, rotating in bearings - 24, mounted on the turbine housing - 25. The turbine shaft - 23, asterisks and chain gear - 13, is connected to the main shaft - 12, the drive of the generator - 18. The chain drive is closed waterproof casing - 26. The ends of the shaft - 23 turbines have flanges, for attaching additional sections of wheels to them, closed by casings - 27.

 The upper part of the frame is 25, the wheels - 8 is a truss - 28, for which the wheel is 8, with the help of hoists - 11 / Fig. 1 / can rise above the water, or sink to the bottom of the river. On the shaft - 23 of the impeller - 8 fixed blades - 29 and diaphragms - 30. Together they form buckets installed in a row along the axis of the wheel. The number of rows of buckets - according to the number of wheel blades. In FIG. 4 of them are shown 12 pieces. The bottom of each bucket may be oval or straight, as shown in FIG. 4, however, in either case, they are made of overlapping shutters hinged on the side walls of the bucket, the shutters are 31. The shutters rotate freely on their axes in their hinges and their rotation is limited by stops / in FIG. 4 - not shown. Each curtain is made in the form of two thin plates - 32 / Fig. 5 /, interconnected by ribs - 33. The ends of the long sides of the curtains are open and the flow of water freely passes through them. At the same time, this design of the curtains makes it possible to give it the necessary strength. The housing - 25 of the turbine impeller - 8 consists of the underlying beam - 34, the casing - 35, covering the impeller from above. The casing with the underlying beam is connected on one side by a lattice - 36, on the other - by stiffening ribs - 37. This design allows the turbine impeller to work under water, and in the winter season under ice in the free stream of the river, making maximum use of the river flow power. As noted above, on top of the casing - 36, has a connecting truss - 28, with brackets - 38, for which the impeller of the hydroelectric station is suspended by hook crane, or hook hoist - 39.

 Works floating power as follows.

 The station is anchored, for bollards - 5 and winches - 6, is mounted in the river stream. Impeller - 8, electric hoist - 11, descends into the river flow, the flow striking the shutters 31, blades - 29, puts them on the bottom of the buckets and rotates the wheel around its axis - 23. Having passed the working area, the wheel blade rises from the stream under the hood - 35 Having no load from the flow, the curtains rotate around their axis along the line of lower resistance, which coincides with the tangents to the circle crossing the axis of rotation of the curtains. The resistance to the movement of the curtains in the stream decreases so many times, how many times the area of the curtain is greater than the area of the ends of its two plates, of which the curtain is made. This allows the turbine impeller to work in a river stream with a high efficiency with a completely flooded wheel. When the blade enters the working area, after it passes the area covered by the hood, the curtains are laid in place by the river flow, making the bucket closed on three sides and the cycle of movement of the wheel and curtains is repeated.

 After the impeller picks up speed, the clutch - 16 of the pump - 18 is turned on. The impeller is artificially braked. After the high-speed shaft of the gearbox begins to rotate at the speed with which the generator must rotate, generating a current of a given frequency, the generator clutch and the generator are turned on. Elements of the control system - 19 and 22 ensure stable operation of the generator when changing in a wide range of river flow rates and changing loads in the generator network. If necessary, preventive maintenance in the main generator system, the auxiliary / emergency / turbine impeller is lowered into the river stream - 9.6

Claims (2)

 1. Floating power plant, including a floating base, on which the turbine impellers, generators and their drives are located, characterized in that the floating base of the station is made in the form of pontoons, for example, two connected by bridges, under which wheels are movably mounted in a vertical plane turbines connected to the wires of their generators, for example, chain gears, and with pontoons, for example, through pantographs, each turbine blade made in the form of a series of buckets installed in a line, with blind external by their generators, the bottom of which is assembled from overlapping shutters pivotally mounted on the outer generators of the bucket, whose rotation axes do not coincide with their longitudinal axis of symmetry and whose rotation around its axis is limited, for example, by a stop, and the curtain itself is made, for example, of two thin plates connected to each other in a package by transverse ribs so that the gaps between the plates remain through and open on the long sides of the package.  2. The floating power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine impeller is closed from above by a continuous casing, and from below by a supporting beam connected to the casing by struts on which the impeller bearings are mounted, and the casing, the supporting beam and the turbine wheel from the ends have brackets and flanges for connecting to wheels of their additional sections.

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