JP6464492B2 - Small hydro turbine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention provides a water turbine adapted to small hydropower generation in a wider range of installation conditions as a water turbine used by being connected to an induction duct that increases the energy density of river water.

The simple water turbine employed in the small hydroelectric generator disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-169204 has a structure in which a water turbine runner is dropped into a duct spoon with the upper half opened, but in this structure there is a level difference (fall) in the river. If the flow rate is low or the flow rate of the river water is slow, the level difference becomes high or the flow rate becomes high, that is, if the discharge pressure of the induction duct becomes high, the turbine runner and the duct containing it. There was a problem that high-pressure water leaked from a slight gap with the spoon, and the discharge water from the induction duct could not be used effectively.
Further, when the discharge pressure of the induction duct is increased and the rotation speed of the turbine runner is increased, the drainage is pumped up by the runner blade and the drainage is accumulated between the blades. As a result, the turbine efficiency is lowered.

JP2015-169204A

An object of the present invention is to further expand the range of use of a simple water turbine adopted in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-169204, and to develop a water turbine adapted to various river conditions.

It has a labyrinth structure that seals the pressure in the runner chamber between the turbine runner and the enclosure type turbine turbine bracket that holds the turbine runner from both sides in the axial direction, and a shaft seal water device is provided at the shaft penetration of the turbine turbine bracket. Horizontal axis type small hydroelectric turbine

2. The water turbine according to claim 1, wherein the turbine runner chamber has a flowing water deflecting plate and a flowing water restraining plate, and has a structure that allows high-pressure flowing water to efficiently act on the runner blades.

It is a water wheel consisting of a runner drum having a water wheel shaft and several blades that receive flowing water. From the blade and runner drum provided with drain holes for smoothly dropping the water drainage of the water wheel pumped between the blade runner drum root and the blade. A horizontal axis type small hydroelectric turbine

In order to make it difficult for water turbine water to be pumped between the blades of the turbine runner according to claim 3, when the turbine runner is viewed from the axial direction (side surface), it is counter-rotated from the inner peripheral edge of the blade attached to the runner drum. Horizontal-axis type small hydroelectric turbine having a runner blade that has a delay angle of θ attached to the outer peripheral end of the blade

Encloses the turbine in which high-pressure water discharged from the induction duct that increases the energy density of river water flows in, and provides a labyrinth structure between the turbine runner and the turbine bracket and a shaft seal water device in the shaft penetration of the turbine bracket In addition, with the structure in which the flowing water diverting plate and the flowing water suppressing plate are provided as a device that effectively causes the high-pressure flowing water to act on the runner blade, an increase in the efficiency of the water turbine can be expected.
Further, by providing a drainage hole at the root of the runner blade (blade inner peripheral end), the drainage pumped between the blades can be easily shaken off, and the runner can be operated at a higher speed.
In addition, by attaching the outer peripheral edge of the blade from the inner peripheral edge of the blade with a delay angle of θ in the counter-rotating direction of the runner, the turbine drainage becomes difficult to be pumped to the blade, so the runner's high speed operation and efficiency An increase is expected. This delay angle is a value proportional to the rotational speed of the turbine runner within a certain range.
Small hydroelectric turbines with these characteristics are applied to rivers with a wide range of installation conditions, from rivers with high steps (heads) to rivers with high flow velocities.

Schematic diagram of water wheel runner (Fig. 1-a) Runner front view (Fig. 1-b) Runner side view (Fig. 1-c) Labyrinth structure Schematic diagram of small hydroelectric turbine (Fig. 2-a) Front view of turbine (Fig. 2-b) Side view of turbine Schematic view of induction duct (Fig. 3-a) Intake duct intake view (Fig. 3-b) Induct duct discharge view (Fig. 3-c) Induct duct plan view (Fig. 3-d) Induct duct side view Installation side schematic diagram of small hydroelectric turbine Installation plan schematic diagram of small hydroelectric turbine Usage diagram of small hydropower turbine (Figure 6-a) Low drop (Figure 6-b) High drop

The water turbine for small hydropower generation of the present invention is used as an example of a simple water turbine adopted in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-169204, and uses the step of a small river to energize river water to the upstream and downstream of the step. The induction duct which raises a density is hung, and the water turbine for small hydropower generation of this invention is connected and used for the narrowing exit downstream of a level | step difference. The small hydropower turbine and the induction duct are connected and integrated, and are installed on a suspension platform attached to a cross-girder-shaped transfer platform that can be moved up and down on both banks of the river, depending on the water level of the river It is possible to move up and down to an arbitrary position where the turbine output is maximized. Of course, there is also a method of adjusting the water level of the exclusive waterway by creating a waterway dedicated to the power generation waterwheel on the side of the main river, but this method increases the cost of civil engineering, and deviates from the idea of `` providing an inexpensive power generator '' In order to do this, it was an exception.
Embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a water wheel runner diagram that constitutes a small hydroelectric turbine of the present invention.
(FIG. 1-a) is a front view of a water turbine runner. A drain hole 6 is provided in the inner peripheral end of the blade 4 (attachment end to the runner drum) for easily dropping the drained water, and the pumped water is quickly dropped by the blade, enabling the runner to rotate at high speed. It is.
When the rotation of the water turbine runner becomes faster in FIG. 1-b, a part of the water turbine drainage is pumped up, and the water drainage is accumulated in the space surrounded by the space between the runner drum 5 and the blade 4, thereby reducing the turbine efficiency. Therefore, the present invention attaches the outer peripheral end 8 of the blade to the position where the mounting position of the runner blade is delayed by θ angle in the counter-rotating direction from the inner peripheral end 9, so that the inner peripheral end 9 of the blade comes to the horizontal axis. The structure is such that the pumped-up water does not collect easily. Note that the attachment angle 7 of the outer peripheral edge of the blade is increased according to the rotational speed of the turbine runner.
(FIG. 1-c) is an enlarged view of the labyrinth structure in an easily understandable manner.
The convex portion of the runner ring 2 and the concave portion of the bracket ring 10 are combined without contact to form a pair of labyrinth structures.
Further, by providing a shaft sealing water device 13 at the penetrating portion of the runner main shaft 1 of the water turbine bracket 19, the high pressure water in the water turbine runner chamber is sealed, and almost all of the high pressure water acts on the runner blade.

FIG. 2 is a front view and a side sectional view of a water turbine for small hydropower generation.
(FIG. 2-a) is the front view seen from the connection flange 14 side of the water turbine, and shows the attachment position 15 of the labyrinth and the attachment position of the shaft seal water device 13.
The labyrinth structure and the shaft seal water device, which are formed by combining the convex portion of the runner ring and the concave portion of the bracket ring, have an effect of causing almost all of the high-pressure water flowing into the turbine runner chamber 20 to act on the runner blade. In addition, this labyrinth structure increases the number of labyrinth structures with two or three pairs depending on the water pressure of the water turbine runner chamber 20.
Further, a shaft sealing water device 13 such as a gland packing or a mechanical seal is provided at the shaft penetrating portion of the fixed bracket to prevent leakage of high-pressure water from the bracket penetrating portion of the runner main shaft. With the labyrinth structure and the shaft seal water device, almost the entire amount of high-pressure water flowing into the runner chamber 20 of the water turbine can be used effectively.
The flowing water diverting plate 16 in FIG. 2B is a device for causing high-pressure water flowing from the connection flange 14 to act as many runner blades as possible. For example, in the usage diagram of the water turbine for small hydropower generation in FIG. When used in a river with a high step as shown in FIG. 6B, this flowing water diverting plate is elongated along the outer periphery of the runner, and has an effect of causing high-pressure flowing water to act on more runner blades.
The flowing water suppression plate 17 has a width longer than the dimension between the outer peripheral ends of the runner blades, and has an effect of suppressing the high-pressure water flowing into the water turbine runner chamber 20 from acting in the anti-rotation direction.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of an induction duct that increases the energy density of river water.
The wide intake port 25 and the narrow discharge port are connected by a duct of a pressure plate 26, and the length, the size of the intake port and the discharge port vary depending on the situation of the river. A protective fence 22 is provided at the intake port to prevent entry of small animals, children, etc., and a rectifying plate 27 is provided inside the duct for efficiently guiding river water to the discharge port. In the present invention, one current plate is used, but two or three current plates can be used depending on the size of the induction duct.

FIG. 4 is a schematic side view in which a small hydroelectric generator is installed.
The connecting duct 24 of the small hydroelectric power turbine is bolted to the induction duct for increasing the energy density of the river water and the connection flange 24 of the squeezed discharge port, and these are integrally formed. The structure is such that the generator 34 is fixed by the gantry 34 and the transfer gantry 33 and mounted at a height not flooded even in the event of a flood, and a speed increasing device is provided between the main shaft of the turbine and the main shaft of the generator. In the present invention, since there is a considerable divergence between the rotational speed of the water turbine and the rotational speed required by the generator, a speed increasing device is provided in the middle, but if the divergence is within an allowable range, the speed increasing device May be omitted.

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view in which a small hydroelectric generator is installed.
First, the river water captures natural and domestic waste of river water by the dust screen G to prevent entry into the intake duct intake. The river water that has passed through the dust screen G flows into the induction duct 28, increases the water pressure and the flow velocity, and is guided to the connection flange 14 that is the inlet of the water turbine.

The high-pressure water flow that has flowed into the connecting flange 14 of the water turbine is sealed in the runner chamber by the labyrinth structure of the water wheel and the shaft seal water device, and the flow velocity direction thereof is almost the entire amount by the water flow diverting plate 16 and the water flow suppressing plate 17. Is a structure that effectively acts on the runner blade. The river water that has transmitted the energy of the high-pressure water to the turbine runner is returned to the river downstream of the step from the drain of the turbine.

  If the water level upstream of the step is below the top of the intake duct inlet for temporary water increases such as typhoons and heavy rains, most of the water increase energy will disappear as the rotational force of the turbine, and the rest will be downstream from the dust outlet 38. To be released. If the temporary water increase further increases beyond the top of the intake duct inlet, the river increase is a structure in which the planar shape of the induction duct is narrowed, so most of it is downstream of the step on the way to the turbine. It falls to the surface of the water. (FIGS. 4 and 5)

  In response to long-term changes in river water levels such as during the flooding and drought periods of river water, hydraulic girder jacks and screws are installed with induction ducts and well-shaped crossovers that support major equipment such as water turbines, gearboxes, and generators. It can be moved up and down with a jack, connecting rod, operation handle device, etc., and installed at an arbitrary height.

Industrial availability

Small hydroelectric power generators installed in small rivers are used in a wide variety of conditions, so that many operating conditions are set, and operation is extremely limited.
The water turbine for small hydropower generation of the present invention aims to utilize the potential energy possessed by a small river as a local production for local consumption type power generation device that can be applied to a larger number of small rivers.
It is expected to be used as a power source for crime prevention lights in towns, as a power source for electric lighting and electric fences in rural areas, and as a battery for electric tools and EV cars. The

(Figure 1)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Runner main shaft 2 Runner ring 3 Runner side plate 4 Runner blade 5 Runner drum 6 Blade drain hole 7 Blade outer peripheral end mounting angle 8 Blade outer peripheral end 9 Blade inner peripheral end 10 Bracket ring 11 Bracket fixing bolt 12 Turbine cover 13 Shaft sealing device (Figure 2)
14 Connection flange 15 Labyrinth 16 Flow diverting plate 17 Flow suppressing plate 18 Water wheel drain 19 Water wheel bracket 20 Water wheel runner room (Fig. 3)
21 Wire hook 22 Guard fence 23 Hook angle 24 Discharge port flange 25 Water intake port 26 Pressure plate 27 Rectifier plate (Fig. 4)
28 Induction duct 29 Suspension wire 30 Turbine 31 for small hydroelectric power generation 31 Speed increaser 32 Generator 33 Transfer platform 34 Suspension frame 35 Lead bolt 36 Duct suspension frame 37 Duct suspension bolt 38 Dust outlet (FIG. 4) (FIG. 5)
A Step upstream riverbed B River step C Step downstream riverbed D Revetment E River revetment crest F Upstream surface G Waste screen H Head K Downstream surface S Flow direction R Rotation direction θ Delay angle

Claims (3)

Has a labyrinth structure that seals the pressure of the runner chamber between the enclosure type hydraulic turbine bracket which stifle waterwheel runner and the water wheel runner from both sides in the axial direction, and a shaft seal water system provided on the shaft penetrating portion of the water wheel bracket, wherein labyrinth structure, mounting a runner ring axially outward of the water turbine runner plate periphery, fitted with two brackets ring at positions sandwiching the inner and outer runners ring radially inside the water wheel bracket, said outer bracket ring Is a ring width that covers the side plate of the water turbine runner, and the inner bracket ring has the same ring width as the runner ring . In the water turbine according to claim 1, between the bottom of the connection flange and the water turbine drain, the high pressure water flow flowing in from the connection flange connected to the induction duct is smoothly guided to the runner blade. To prevent the high-pressure water flow discharged from the installed flow deflector and the induction duct from flowing backward in the anti-rotation direction of the turbine runner, it has a width longer than the dimension between the upper end of the connection flange and the outer peripheral edge of the runner blade. A horizontal-axis small hydroelectric turbine having a flowing water suppression plate . The water turbine runner according to claim 1 is composed of a runner drum having a runner main shaft and a plurality of blades for receiving flowing water, and the water turbine runner is axially arranged so that the drainage of the water turbine is difficult to pump between the blades of the water turbine runner. A horizontal axis type small hydroelectric turbine having a runner blade having a delay angle of θ in the counter-rotating direction from the inner peripheral end of the blade attached to the runner drum and attached to the outer peripheral end of the blade as viewed from the side. .

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