JP4148519B2 - Hydroelectric power generation equipment to be installed at the head of agricultural waterways - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to the field of small-sized hydroelectric generators installed in irrigation canals such as agricultural canals, and more particularly to a hydroelectric generator suitable for installation in a drop work such as agricultural canals.

Conventionally, agricultural waterways have water rights for agricultural water, river fishery rights and local customs, and obstacles and structures that obstruct water flow cannot be installed in principle.
Hydroelectric power generation equipment that uses the water flow of agricultural canals is also an object installed in the canals, which can cause water outages, water reductions, and overflows in agricultural water. there were.

However, hydroelectric power generation equipment using agricultural water can be installed within the limits permitted by water rights and local customs, and other waterways can be used as energy resources, so there are restrictions. Despite the situation, there have been many developments of hydroelectric power generation.
Of course, in an environment without such restrictions other than agricultural water, the demand for water channel power generation is persistent because it is clean power generation.

Well-developed hydroelectric generators such as waterways are disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3425663 “Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric generators with weir plates”, and the hydroelectric generators are “throw-in”, and in some cases Some of them have been devised so that they cannot be hindered.

In Japanese Patent No. 3425663, a flow rate adjusting ring is provided around the runner so as to be movable up and down in the guide vane coaxially with the runner, and the flow rate adjusting ring is moved up and down by moving an operation lever of the link mechanism. It is described.
The operating lever is assumed to be manual. There is a description that when the waterway is flooded, the hydroelectric generator is lifted.
The reason for raising is to avoid obstructing the water flow as an obstacle.
In this patented technology, there was no consideration about securing the water flow at the stage before pulling up, and there was no suggestion to cope with any abnormality such as a power failure or equipment failure.
Although the method of maintaining the power generation device from excessive rotation by fully closing the guide vane with the operation lever is effective for the power generation device, when the guide vane is closed, the power generation device is a mere obstacle when viewed from the water flow. In the downstream, the water flow is considerably hindered, making it unacceptable for agricultural waterways.
As an abnormal situation, if the guide vanes (intake blades) of the power generator are closed and the water flow is controlled, there may be a situation where the required amount of water is not supplied in the downstream area. In the upstream area, water overflows from the water channel. There is a possibility that excessive water will be poured into the nearby fields.
In addition, it is very difficult to frequently lift the hydroelectric generator from the water channel.

Since the power generation device of Japanese Patent No. 3425663 is a throw-in type, if the main body is lifted from the waterway and opened in the event of an abnormality, the water flow will eventually be restored, but until reaching that point, the guide vane is actually adjusted with the operating lever As can be imagined, manual guide vane adjustment is troublesome and it is presumed that it is difficult to handle in an emergency.
In addition, in order to maintain the generator from excessive rotation due to increased water, the guide vanes are conventionally closed and the excess water flow is controlled and cut off to prevent excessive load on the generator. Invite water over and leave challenges as described above.
Japanese Patent No. 3425663 “Title of Invention: Water Turbine and Hydroelectric Generator with Dam Plate”

  The present invention is a hydroelectric power generation apparatus that uses the head of a waterway such as agricultural water while the use of modern clean energy is increasing, and can be installed in an agricultural waterway that does not always impede running water Development is a challenge.

In the present invention, in order to prevent the hydroelectric power generation apparatus from becoming an obstacle to the waterway in any situation in the agricultural waterway, it is important not to obstruct the water flow in any waterway condition. It is a problem.

Therefore, the first purpose is to design the entire system so that no water overflow occurs so as not to harm the water flow even if a hydroelectric generator is installed and blocked.
Even with the hydroelectric generator installed, the first challenge is to develop a device that does not obstruct the water flow in response to an abnormal situation such as a power failure of the distribution line or a malfunction of the water turbine or other equipment.
And the 2nd objective conceived the structure where the hydroelectric power generation device itself is not a water channel fixed type and can be easily removed from the water channel anytime so as not to disturb the water flow in the end.

For this second purpose, the hydroelectric generator of the present invention is first provided with an outer frame for fixing that is already installed in the water channel, and is detachable by its own weight so that the hydroelectric generator can be easily removed from the outer frame at any time. Formula.
The side frame is designed to have a width that is wider than the water channel and fits outside so that the fixing outer frame itself does not become an obstacle to the water channel.
The fixing outer frame is provided with a sluice door that moves up and down with a handle so that a fixed volume of water can be retained as a weir and can be opened at any time on the front side facing downstream.
In the case of abnormal water increase, the water gate can be opened to allow the water flow to flow downstream, or the water gate can be closed (up and down the two plates to select upper water, lower water, and intermediate water). In other cases, it is possible to continue the power generation simultaneously with the flow of the lower water flow while discharging the increased upper water downstream.

Next, agricultural waterways and the like are in a plain where the amount of water is relatively small and the fluctuation of the water amount is large and the head is not large, and there are many waterways where the head energy is not so large.
In a structure in which a hydroelectric generator is placed in a channel with a flat bottom, it is possible to obtain head energy only at the depth of the groove to be dammed. In the form of installing the device, the power generation efficiency is low.

Therefore, as a third purpose, instead of simply damming a water channel with a continuous flat bottom, in order to stably concentrate the head energy at the place, power generation by head work is contemplated and suitable for this. Aimed at power generation equipment.
Agricultural waterways have many existing drop works, which can be used basically.
When constructing a new drop work, investigate the water flow in the channel, analyze the annual water volume, calculate the energy generated at that point, and then select the location. A fixed outer frame is installed there.
Needless to say, the present invention can be applied even in a natural terrain where there is an appropriate head.

In plain agricultural waterways, there are many fluctuations in the amount of water, and there are many places with low heads, so it is difficult to generate electricity with only the energy of the water flow, and the amount of water is not large. An efficient power generation function is required.
In addition, even when there is an abnormality such as a power failure of a distribution line or a failure of a device such as a water turbine, it is required that the hydroelectric generator secure a constant amount of water flow downstream without obstructing the water flow.
Moreover, since it is necessary to relocate and even an emergency state can be assumed, it is required to have a structure that allows easy installation and removal of the hydroelectric generator.

The fourth purpose was to develop a structure that is suitable for such a channel condition and that the hydroelectric generator itself can generate electricity with high efficiency.

For this purpose, a generator comprising a reaction-type water turbine runner vane (rotary body with wings) surrounded by a wide suction pipe provided with a rotating shaft having a vertical shaft structure and a transmission mechanism connected directly to the rotating shaft. And a guide vane for dropping a stable water flow into the reaction-type water turbine runner vane is provided above the runner vane, and the runner vane and the guide vane are automatically fully opened in the event of an abnormality such as a power failure of a distribution line or a failure of a turbine or a generator. We have developed a hydroelectric generator that has a drive unit and is housed in a case to form an integrated unit.

  In the present invention, the water turbine mechanism is rotated at the angular position where the power generation efficiency is the highest with respect to the inflow amount in conjunction with the guide vane (intake blade) for controlling the flow rate for adjusting the rotation speed and load of the water turbine generator. High-efficiency operation is possible by combining a variable vane runner vane (rotary body with vanes).

Then, a generator connected directly or with a transmission mechanism to a reaction-type water turbine having a vertical shaft structure, a drive device for adjusting the flow angle of the guide vane, and a hydroelectric device having an integral unit of the drive device for adjusting the flow angle of the runner vane, A hydroelectric power generator installed in a headway of an agricultural waterway or the like, which has a function of automatically installing both a runner vane and a guide vane at the time of abnormality detection. Devised.
The drive device for adjusting the flow rate angle includes an abnormality detection device and a storage battery serving as a power source.
In the event of an abnormality due to a power outage or failure of a water turbine or generator, the drive unit that uses a storage battery that adjusts the flow angle by changing the angle of the runner vanes and guide vanes is not operated in the closing direction as in the prior art. The structure is such that the runner vanes and guide vanes are fully opened so as to maximize the flow rate by changing the angle.
Since both the runner vanes and the guide vanes can be driven in the fully open direction, the flow path can be secured by driving both at the same time or one of them selectively.
Whether both of them are fully opened or only one of them can be fully opened can be appropriately set according to the amount of water and the abnormal state.

Because of this configuration, even in the event of a power outage or a malfunction of the water turbine and generator, the runner vane and the guide vane form the maximum passage flow path, the water flow is ensured, and the water channel is not blocked.
When passing through the hydroelectric generator, water flows without any obstacles.

The water turbine is a recoil-type water turbine with a vertical shaft structure that has a high-speed rotation capability capable of withstanding the assumed maximum flow rate water of the drop work.
A turbine generator that can withstand high-speed rotation even when the guide vane is fully open has been designed with a capacity suitable for the drop work by calculating the amount of water passing through the guide vane.

Further, in the present invention, in order to facilitate the transportation, on-site installation, removal, and maintenance of the apparatus, all the incidental mechanisms such as the water turbine, the generator, and the drive mechanism of the hydroelectric power generation apparatus are integrated.
The lower frame base of the hydroelectric power generator has a detachable structure that fits its own weight on the outer frame for mounting and fixing, so that the main body can be lifted and removed by a crane in the event of a turbine generator failure.

As described above, the hydroelectric power generation device installed in the agricultural canal of the present invention is stable in the agricultural water without being interrupted or overflowed even in an abnormal state when installed in an agricultural canal that is in use. We propose a hydroelectric power generation system that is safe and highly efficient while flowing, and that is easy to install, remove, and maintain.
The present invention has the following technical effects.

(A) Since the hydroelectric power generator has a detachable integrated structure that fits its own weight to an outer frame installed in the water channel, attachment / detachment and maintenance are easy.
(B) A drop work is provided in the waterway, and an outer frame is installed downstream of the drop without obstructing the water flow, so that the drop energy can be concentrated.
(C) Since the reaction-type water turbine has a vertical shaft structure, the production, installation cost, and maintenance of the hydroelectric power generator are smaller than when a water turbine-type hydroelectric power generator with the rotating shaft in the waterway width direction is assumed. Can be economical.
In addition, since the rotational drive is performed underwater, there are no problems such as noise.
(D) Since the hydroelectric generator is an integral unit housed in a case, it can be manufactured in a factory and is easy to carry and hang.
(E) At the time of abnormality, the runner vane and the guide vane are automatically fully opened to form a passage through which water flows, so that it is possible to prevent water overflow for a sufficiently long time before pulling up.
(F) It is provided at the head of the waterway, and an outer frame for fixing the hydroelectric power generator is provided downstream of the head of the head, but the outer frame is provided with a sluice lift door on the downstream side. The water flow can be adjusted by opening and closing.
(G) The outer frame that supports and fixes the hydroelectric generator is a simple rectangular frame that only supports the generator with an interrupted stopper. By simply raising and lowering the position of the stopper, the installation height can be finely adjusted. it can.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings for a hydroelectric power generator installed in a head work such as an agricultural waterway according to the present invention.

The outline of the drawing will be explained.
FIG. 1 is a cut-away side view of a state in which an integrated hydroelectric generator (2) installed in a drop work (1) is incorporated into an existing outer frame (3).
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the outer frame (3) that is loaded and fixedly supported by the hydroelectric generator (2).
From above, the hydroelectric generator is hung up and loaded so that it can be loaded.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the procedure, and a left perspective view of the head work (1) in a state where water is flowing is shown. The hydroelectric generator (2) is detachably fitted to the head work (1). The procedure for installing the outer frame (3) is shown.
The concrete structure drop work (1) is a new or existing structure with a step in the middle of the waterway. The upper waterway (11) and the lower waterway (12) are formed with a drop at the standing wall (13). (14) and downstream water level (15) have a difference in water level.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the hydroelectric generator (2) is suspended and installed on the outer frame (3) provided on the downstream side in the drop work (1) with a crane.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the slope of the water channel is restored and formed so that the bottom downstream of the drop work (1) is gradually raised and returned to the natural slope when the drop work (1) is provided on a plain. It is.

Following the schematic description of the above drawings, each component will be described in detail.
The outer frame (3) is installed on the downstream side in the drop work (1) provided with a step in an agricultural waterway or the like. The outer frame (3) includes a side frame that is wider than the channel width, and a sluice door (31) that opens and closes by a manual operation of the handle (30) on the front side, and is installed so as to have a constant retention volume. A rectangular frame. A stopper (4) is provided in the lower middle, and the hydroelectric generator (2) is placed on and supported by the stopper (4).
If the position of the stopper (4) is adjusted up and down, the mounting position of the hydroelectric generator (2) can be finely adjusted.

The head drop (1) forms a step between the upstream side and the downstream side with an intermediate wall (13), and as shown in FIG. 5, the bottom gradually increases as the downstream water channel becomes downstream. In this way, it is formed into an inclined bottom shape that is restored to a natural inclination.

The hydroelectric generator (2) has a high-speed rotation capability that can withstand the maximum flow rate water of the head drop (1), and a reaction-type water turbine having a vertical shaft structure in which a driven rotation shaft connected to a runner is vertically erected. A generator (9) that rotates and generates power by directly or directly connecting a transmission mechanism to the rotating shaft, a guide vane (5), a drive device (6) for adjusting the flow angle thereof, a runner vane (7), and adjusting the flow angle thereof The drive device (8) and the incidental equipment are integrated into a unit.
The guide vane (5) is useful for stabilizing the water flow by adjusting the amount of water flowing into the runner vane (7).
The generator (9) can be selected according to the flow rate of the drop head (1), and is not particularly limited by a permanent magnet type AC generator (9), an induction generator (9), a synchronous generator (9), or the like.
For example, a permanent magnet type synchronous generator (9) and a power conditioner for controlling the number of revolutions thereof are built in the case (23), and the drive device (8) and the guide vane (5) of the runner vane (7) are further provided. By providing the driving device (6), it can be designed to prevent the water flow from being hindered.

The hydroelectric generator (2) is a hydroelectric generator (2) that is detachably installed on the drop head (1) that has cleared the installation environment as described above, and is a reaction-type water turbine having a vertical shaft structure. The hydroelectric generator (2) as a unit has a function of automatically opening the runner vanes (7) and guide vanes (5) when an abnormality is detected.

The function to fully open is to adjust the rotation speed of the water turbine by adjusting the flow rate by changing the vane angle when detecting an abnormality such as a power failure of the distribution line or a failure of the turbine or generator (9). The drive device (8) and the drive device (6) that can change the angle of the runner vane (7) and the guide vane (5) to an angle that minimizes the resistance to water flow are provided.
In other words, the drive devices (6) and (8) automatically open the runner vanes (7) and the guide vanes (5) (minimum resistance angle) when an abnormality is detected.
When the runner vane (7) and the guide vane (5) are fully opened, the water turbine is rotated at a high speed without stopping the inflow of water, so that there is no obstacle in the water channel, and a sufficient water flow can be maintained downstream.
Full opening also includes releasing the mechanical support of the runner vanes (7) and guide vanes (5) and leaving them completely free to the water stream.
The driving devices (6) and (8) are always operated by a storage battery power source.

The hydroelectric generator (2) includes a generator (9) connected to a reaction type turbine runner vane (7) surrounded by a wide suction pipe (22) directly or with a transmission shaft of a vertical shaft structure, A guide vane (5) for dropping a stable water flow into the reaction-type water turbine runner vane (7) is provided above the runner vane (7). The runner vane (7) and the guide vane (5) A drive device (8) and a drive device (6) that are automatically fully opened by the detection device when there is an abnormality such as a failure of the machine (9) are provided, and these are housed in a case (23) to form an integrated unit.

The hydroelectric power generation device (2) is attached to the outer frame (3) provided with a stopper (4) in the middle of the lower waterway (12) downstream of the head work (1) such as an agricultural waterway. The hook edge is locked, fitted and fixed, and is detachably installed.

In attaching the hydroelectric generator (2) to the outer frame (3), the hydroelectric generator (2) as an integral unit, which is a reaction type water turbine having a vertical shaft structure, is positioned at least above the turbine runner vane (7). It arrange | positions so that a vane (5) may become a position lower than the bottom of the upstream of a drop work (1).

The hydroelectric generator (2) as an integrated unit is supported by its own weight on the outer frame (3) pre-installed in the drop work (1). Making it easy.

As described above, the present invention provides the guide vane (5) for controlling the flow rate for adjusting the rotational speed and load of the generator (9) and the angle at which the power generation efficiency is highest with respect to the inflow amount in conjunction with this. A drive device (8) and a drive device (6) are provided which are combined with a variable vane runner vane (7) rotating at a position and which fully open the runner vane (7) and the guide vane (5) when the water turbine is abnormal. By fully opening both or one of them, it is possible to prevent water outages and overflows and enable high-efficiency operation.

The above embodiment is merely an example of a main part, and a screen for preventing foreign matter such as driftwood and industrial waste from entering the outer frame (3) that supports the hydroelectric generator (2). As a matter of course, energy storage means and power transmission equipment such as auxiliary equipment such as installing the power supply in the upstream area, power storage equipment, and the like are deployed.
Also, the outer frame (3) itself can be designed so that it can be removed from the drop work (1).
It is also possible to reduce the weight by using a light metal material.
This embodiment assumes a drop work (1) with a drop standing wall (13) of about 1 to 2 m and a flow rate of 3 to 30 tons / second, but a smaller drop or a drop work ( 1) is also possible. Moreover, although the drop work (1) is usually newly constructed, there are cases where it can be made using existing equipment.

The hydroelectric power generator installed in the head of the agricultural canal, etc. according to the present invention generates a head in a relatively flat plain waterway, and concentrates the water head energy to generate power with high efficiency. It has a feature that does not block the water flow of agricultural canals.
(A) Since it is a small generator that generates power while creating a head in the waterway and consolidating the head energy, it can be used in plains and cities because the location conditions can be made relatively gentle. Electric pumps can be driven by electricity generated by power generation, and can be optimally used for pumping water into the fields, storing water, and threshing.
(B) Since it can be installed in a chain in a waterway, it can cope with a change in demand for the amount of power generation. Since it is an integrated unit, it is not easily affected by snowfall and has a durable structure, so it can be used in any area. When there is a water channel in parallel with the road, it can also be used for lighting power and heat for melting snow.
(C) The mechanism that detects abnormalities in the equipment and opens the vanes is a structure that will naturally have no problem even when installed in a general river. A gearbox, brakes, transformer, and other power power devices are installed in the case. Thus, it is possible to design a larger size.

It is an incision side view of the state which attached the hydroelectric generator (2) installed in the drop work (1) to the outer frame (3) It is a top view of the outer frame (3) which fixes and supports a hydroelectric generator (2). It is explanatory drawing of the procedure which installs an outer frame (3) in a head work (1). It is explanatory drawing of the state which hangs and installs a hydroelectric generator (2) with the crane in the existing outer frame (3). It is sectional drawing which shows the state which formed the inclination of the waterway so that the bottom of the level | step difference downstream of a drop work (1) may be raised gradually, and it may return to a natural inclination.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Drop work 11 Upper stage water channel 12 Lower stage water channel 13 Standing wall 14 Upstream water level 15 Downstream water level 2 Hydroelectric power generation device 22 with a turbine, a generator, and a driving mechanism attached as an integrated unit 22 Suction pipe 23 Case 3 Outer frame 30 Handle 31 Sluice door 4 Stopper 5 Guide vane 6 Drive device for driving guide vane 7 Runner vane 8 Drive device for driving runner vane 9 Generator

Claims (6)

A generator (9), a guide vane (5), a drive device (6) for adjusting the flow angle thereof, and a hydroelectric generator (2) having a runner vane (7) as an integrated unit are connected to a reaction water turbine having a vertical shaft structure. The hydroelectric generator installed in the head of the agricultural waterway or the like, which has a function of automatically opening the guide vane (5) when an abnormality is detected . In Claim 1, the hydroelectric generator (2) that can be freely removed from the drop work (1) is connected to the outer frame (3) previously constructed in the drop work (1). Hydroelectric power generation installed in the head of agricultural waterways, etc., characterized in that (2) is a fitting structure and the hydroelectric generator (2) is fixed by its own weight, making attachment and detachment easy and detachable apparatus. The outer frame (3) according to claim 2 is a sluice gate (31) that opens and closes by moving up and down to the side frame wider than the water channel width and the front side to the downstream side of the drop work (1) provided in the agricultural water channel or the like. And a hydroelectric generator installed in a drop work such as an agricultural waterway, which is an outer frame (3) installed so as to have a constant residence volume. In attaching the hydroelectric generator (2) to the outer frame (3), at least the runner vane (7) and the guide vane (5) drop the hydroelectric generator (2) as an integral unit that is a reaction-type water turbine having a vertical shaft structure. The detachable fitting and installation is performed so that the position is lower than the bottom of the upstream side of the work (1), and the function is provided with a function of automatically opening the guide vane (5) when an abnormality occurs. A hydroelectric generator installed in a drop work such as an agricultural waterway according to claim 3. The hydroelectric generator (2) includes a generator (9) connected directly or by a transmission mechanism to a rotary shaft of a vertical structure of a reaction type turbine runner vane (7) surrounded by a wide suction pipe (22). A guide vane (5) for dropping a stable water flow into the reaction-type water turbine runner vane (7) is provided above the runner vane (7), and the guide vane (5) is automatically opened in the event of an abnormality such as a power failure or equipment failure. A drive device (6) is provided, and these are housed in a case (23) to form an integrated unit, which is installed in a head of an agricultural waterway or the like according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A hydroelectric generator. The head drop (1) forms a step between the upstream side and the downstream side with a standing wall (13) in the middle. The hydroelectric power generator installed in the head work of the agricultural waterway etc. in any one of Claims 1-5 including what is formed in the inclined bottom form restored | restored to.

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