JP2008169733A - Water power device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water power device which stably supplies relatively large output within a range of a water surface head usable in a waterway, even in the waterway being relatively small in the water surface head. <P>SOLUTION: This water power device 10 has: a float 14 lifting in response to a vertical variation in a water level in the waterway 11; two right and left arm members 15 arranged so as to rise up and fall down in the waterway 11 by interlocking with lifting of the float 14; a flexible impervious adjusting sheet 12 arranged in the waterway 11 in a state of lifting an upper edge part 12a by interlocking with the lifting of the float 14; a wire 16 being a holding means for holding a lower edge part 12b of the impervious adjusting sheet 12 in a specific position on the arm members 15; and a water turbine 13 liftably arranged by interlocking with the lifting of the float 14 and rotating by a water flow overflowing over an overflow bank body 21. The overflow bank body 21 is rotatably journaled by a shaft body inserted into a locking hole of a suspending member, and is provided with a plurality of through-holes 21h communicating its upper surface part with a lower surface part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydropower apparatus capable of taking out power by utilizing flowing water from a waterway such as an agricultural waterway or a drainage channel.

  Agricultural waterways deployed throughout Japan reach a length of about 45,000 km even with the total extension of the main waterway, and it is said that the length is more than a round of the earth. Conventionally, in various parts of Japan, water turbines have been used as means for extracting power from running water in various waterways such as agricultural waterways and drainage channels. However, the conventional water turbine is a method that utilizes the water flow that flows down due to the gradient of the water channel as the rotational force of the water turbine, and the water flow rate in the water channel is passively rotated to rotate the water turbine. There was a thing. Therefore, in recent years, those that can cope with an increase or decrease in the amount of flowing water in the water channel have been proposed (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  The hydraulic power device (hydraulic power utilization device) described in Patent Document 1 is a damming unit that dams a flowing water channel when the amount of stored water on the upstream side of the water channel becomes a predetermined value or less and opens the flowing water channel when the flowing water amount reaches a predetermined value. And power conversion means (water turbine) provided downstream of the damming means for converting the flowing water energy into power. And if the amount of stored water increases more than fixed, it will discharge to the downstream, and the flow amount will be adjusted by keeping the water level drop generated by the stored water upstream of the water channel constant. Therefore, even if it is a water channel with little flowing water, inflow water can be used efficiently.

  On the other hand, since the hydropower device (dust removal device) described in Patent Document 2 includes a water turbine that moves up and down in response to a change in the water level in the water channel, the water wheel is always kept in an appropriate position even if the water level changes. Stable and stable rotation can be obtained.

JP 11-256555 A JP 2001-214423 A

  Since the water wheel described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is a method of rotating using the water level drop of running water in the water channel as it is, a large output can be obtained when installed in a water channel with a large water level drop. In a channel with a small drop in the water surface, the required output may not be obtained. Therefore, when the water turbine is installed in a waterway having a relatively small water level drop, such as an agricultural waterway constructed in a plain, it may not be used as a power source. In addition, the water wheels described in Patent Literatures 1 and 2 may be submerged when the running water in the water channel increases, resulting in a malfunction such as a decrease in the rotational speed or the inability to rotate. Furthermore, when turbulent flow occurs in the water channel, malfunction such as malfunction of the water turbine may occur due to water hammer waves.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a water power device capable of stably supplying a relatively large output within a range of a water level drop usable in a water channel even in a water channel having a relatively small water level drop. There is to do.

  The hydropower device according to the present invention includes a float that moves up and down according to a vertical fluctuation of a water level in the water channel, an arm member that undulates in the water channel in conjunction with the lifting and lowering of the float, A flexible water-impervious adjustment sheet disposed in the water channel in a state in which the edge moves up and down, holding means for holding the lower edge of the water-impervious adjustment sheet at a fixed position on the arm member, and A water turbine arranged so as to be able to move up and down in conjunction with the raising and lowering of the float, and an overflow levee body is provided on the upstream side of the water wheel above the upper edge of the water shielding adjustment sheet. To do.

  With such a configuration, the upper edge moves up and down in conjunction with the lifting and lowering of the float, while the lower edge is held at a fixed position on the arm member, and the water flow is adjusted by the water impervious adjustment sheet disposed in the water channel. Therefore, a water level drop is formed in the water channel, and a water flow over the overflow bank is generated by this water level drop. Therefore, power can be taken out by the water wheel rotating with the overflow water. The turbine is rotated by using a relatively large water surface drop formed by blocking water flowing in the water channel with a water shielding adjustment sheet, so that a relatively large output is supplied even in a water channel with a relatively small natural water surface drop. can do.

  In addition, the float that moves up and down in accordance with the vertical fluctuation of the water level in the water channel automatically raises and lowers the water wheel, the overflow bank body, and the upper edge of the impermeable adjustment sheet, so even if the water level in the water channel fluctuates up and down A substantially constant water level drop is formed, and the water wheel rotates in a substantially constant state. Therefore, a stable output can be obtained even if the amount of flowing water in the water channel increases or decreases.

  Here, it is desirable to provide a through hole that communicates the upper surface portion and the lower surface portion of the overflow levee body. With such a configuration, it is possible to prevent a water hammer wave from being generated on the lower surface portion of the overflow levee body, and hence vibration due to the water hammer wave can be eliminated.

  Moreover, it is desirable to pivotally support the overflow bank body through a shaft body parallel to the rotational axis of the water turbine. With such a configuration, when the foreign matter flowing along with the flowing water is caught in the gap between the overflow levee body and the water turbine, the gap increases as the overflow levee body rotates around the shaft body. The foreign matter in the gap can be discharged downstream. For this reason, the rotation failure of the water turbine due to the biting of foreign matter can be avoided.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a hydropower apparatus that can stably supply a relatively large output even within a water channel having a relatively small water level drop within the range of the water level drop that can be used in the water channel.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a schematic structure of a hydropower device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the hydropower device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a hydropower device shown in FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 2, and FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion indicated by an arrow A in FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the hydropower device 10 is configured to remove a part of the water flow R flowing in the direction of the arrow S through the water channel 11 formed by a pair of left and right side walls 11 a and 11 a and a bottom plate 11 b that are opposed to each other. It is a device that takes out power by rotating a water turbine 13 by a water flow R1 that is dammed by a water-impervious adjustment sheet 12 and that flows over an overflow levee body 21 to which an upper edge portion 12a of the water-impervious adjustment sheet 12 is locked.

  The hydropower device 10 includes a float 14 that moves up and down according to the vertical fluctuation of the water level of the water flow R in the water channel 11, and two left and right arms that are arranged to undulate in the water channel 11 in conjunction with the lifting and lowering of the float 14. A member 15, a flexible sheet-like water-impervious adjustment sheet 12 disposed in the water channel 11 in a state where the upper edge portion 12 a moves up and down in conjunction with the raising and lowering of the float 14, A wire 16 that is a holding means for holding the edge 12b at a fixed position on the arm member 15, and a water turbine that rotates in a water flow R1 that is disposed so as to be able to move up and down in conjunction with the up and down movement of the float 14 and that overflows the overflow levee body 21. 13.

  A mounting member 17 is provided above each of the pair of left and right side walls 11a, 11a, and upper ends of two left and right tilting arms 18 that suspend and hold the float 14 so as to be able to move up and down are rotatable to the mounting member 17, respectively. The upper ends of two left and right tilting arms 19 that are pivotally supported and hold the water wheel 13 so as to be able to move up and down are pivotally supported on a rotating shaft 29 provided on the mounting member 17. Further, both ends of the water wheel 13 are pivotally supported by two left and right tilting arms 19, respectively, and the lower end of the tilting arm 19 and the lower end of the tilting arm 18 are connected by left and right side arms 20, respectively. Yes. Accordingly, a four-bar linkage mechanism is formed by the tilting arms 18 and 19 and the side arms 20 in the left and right side walls 11a and 11a, respectively.

  In addition, an overflow levee body 21 is arranged in a direction crossing the water channel 11 between the two right and left side arms 20 immediately below the water turbine 13 and upstream of the water channel 11. The upper edge portion 12a of the water adjustment sheet 12 is locked. A concave curved surface 21 a having a curvature approximating the outer periphery of the water turbine 13 is provided on the surface of the overflow bank 21 facing the water turbine 13. Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 and FIG. 8 to be described later, the overflow bank 21 is provided with a plurality of through holes 21h communicating the upper surface portion 21t and the lower surface portion 21u.

  The upstream end portions of the two arm members 15 are pivotally supported at positions near the side wall 11a on the bottom plate 11b of the water channel 11 so that the downstream end portions of the arm members 15 and the side arms 20 are raised and lowered. The arms 22 are connected. The upper edge portion 12a of the water-impervious adjustment sheet 12 is locked below the overflow dam body 21 by a locking member 23 having an L-shaped cross section, and the lower edge portion 12b of the water-impervious adjustment sheet 12 has an L-shaped cross section. It is locked on the arm member 15 via a stop member 24.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the lower edge portion 12 b of the water shielding adjustment sheet 12 is separated from the support shaft 15 a by locking the locking member 24 at a position away from the support shaft 15 a of the arm member 15. Therefore, an opening 28 that opens and closes in conjunction with the raising and lowering of the float 14 is formed between the bottom plate 11 b of the water channel 11 and the lower edge portion 12 b of the water shielding adjustment sheet 12. In this embodiment, in order to hold the locking member 24 at a fixed position on the arm member 15, it is stretched toward the upstream side of the water channel 11 via a winding member 25a and pulleys 26 and 27 of an automatic opening device 25 described later. The distal end portion of the wire 16 is connected to the hook 24 a of the locking member 24.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4, a sprocket 30 is provided on the extension of the rotating shaft 29 that pivotally supports the upper end portion of the tilting arm 19. Yes. In this embodiment, since the rotational force of the water wheel 13 is transmitted to the sprocket 30 by a chain (not shown), the rotational force of the sprocket 30 can be used as a power source.

  Next, based on FIG. 6, FIG. 7, the operating condition of the hydraulic power apparatus 10 is demonstrated. FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the operating state of the water power device 10 in a high water level state, and FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the operating state of the water power device 10 in a low water level state.

  As shown in FIG. 6, when the water flow R in the water channel 11 is in a high water level state, the water-impervious adjustment sheet 12 and the crossover sheet 12 in which the upper edge portion 12 a and the lower edge portion 12 b are fixed at fixed positions by the buoyancy of the float 14. Since the water flow R is blocked by the dike body 21, a water level drop h1 is formed in the water channel 11, and a water flow R1 that overflows the overflow dike body 21 above the water shielding adjustment sheet 12 is generated by this water level drop h1. To do. This water flow R1 flows down between the outer periphery of the water turbine 13 and the concave curved surface 21a of the overflow dam body 21, and rotates the water turbine 13.

  In the state shown in FIG. 6, the arm member 15 is held in an inclined state by the lifting arm 22, and therefore, the lower edge portion 12 b of the water shielding adjustment sheet 12 held on the arm member 15 and the bottom plate 11 b of the water channel 11. The opening 28 in between is in an open state. For this reason, a part of the water flow R flows down through the opening 28, and it is possible to prevent the water level on the upstream side of the water turbine 13 from increasing more than necessary. In this state, when the float 14 moves up and down due to a change in the water level of the water flow R, the arm member 15 rises and falls, and the inclination angle changes, whereby the area of the opening 28 increases and decreases, and the amount of water flow through the opening 28 increases and decreases. Therefore, it is possible to cope with the water level fluctuation in the high water level state.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, when the water flow R in the water channel 11 becomes a low water level state, the float 14 and the water wheel 13 are lowered, but the water flow R is blocked by the water shielding adjustment sheet 12 even in this state. A water level drop h2 is formed in the water channel 11, and the water turbine 13 is rotated by the water flow R1 that overflows the overflow dam body 21 by the water level drop h2. When the float 14 is lowered to the extent shown in FIG. 7, the arm member 15 approaches a horizontal state by the action of the lifting arm 22 that connects the side arm 20 and the arm member 15, and the lower edge 12 b of the water-impervious adjustment sheet 12 is a water channel. 11 approaches the bottom plate 11b. Thereby, since the opening part 28 narrows and the amount of water flow decreases, the water level on the upstream side of the water shielding adjustment sheet 12 can be maintained high. In this state, when the float 14 moves up and down due to a change in the water level of the water flow R, the arm member 15 rises and falls, and the inclination angle changes, whereby the area of the opening 28 increases and decreases, and the amount of water flow through the opening 28 increases and decreases. Therefore, it is possible to cope with the water level fluctuation in the low water level state.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, the notch part 24b for inserting the arm member 15 is provided in both ends of the locking member 24, so that the lower surface of the arm member 15 and the lower edge of the locking member 24 are It arrange | positions so that a substantially identical surface may be made. For this reason, when the water level is significantly lowered and the arm member 15 is in a horizontal state, the lower edge portion of the locking member 24 comes into contact with the bottom plate 11b of the water channel 11, and the opening portion 28 is completely closed, so that water cannot pass. .

  Thus, since the water wheel 13 is rotated using the water surface drop h1 and h2 formed by damming the water flow R flowing in the water channel 11 with the water shielding adjustment sheet 12, the water channel 11 has a gentle slope and a small water surface drop. Can provide a large output. Further, the float 14 that rises and falls according to the vertical fluctuation of the water level of the water flow R in the water channel 11 automatically raises and lowers the water wheel 13 and the upper edge 12a of the water shielding adjustment sheet 12, so that the water level in the water channel 11 rises and falls. Even if it fluctuates, substantially constant water level drops h1 and h2 are formed, and the water turbine 13 rotates in a substantially constant state. Therefore, a stable output can be obtained even if the amount of flowing water in the water channel 11 increases or decreases.

  As described above, since the lower edge portion 12b of the water-impervious adjustment sheet 12 is held at a fixed position on the arm member 15 that rises and falls in conjunction with the raising and lowering of the float 14, the water level in the water channel 11 varies upward and downward. Accordingly, the lower edge portion 12b of the water shielding adjustment sheet 12 is also raised and lowered. Therefore, the opening 28 formed between the bottom plate 11b of the water channel 11 and the lower edge portion 12b of the water-impervious adjustment sheet 12 opens and closes according to the vertical fluctuation of the water level in the water channel 11, and the passage of the opening 28 is performed. The amount of water automatically increases and decreases. Accordingly, when the water is increased, the opening 28 is expanded to increase the amount of water flow, so that an abnormal rise in the water level on the upstream side of the water-impervious adjustment sheet 12 is suppressed. Therefore, malfunction due to submergence of the water turbine 13 is avoided. be able to.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the arm member 15 is provided with a plurality of connection holes 15 b for changing the connection position with the lift arm 22, and the lift arm 22 is for changing the connection position with the float 14. A plurality of connecting holes 22a are formed. Therefore, by selecting these connecting holes 15b and 22a, the area of the opening 28 or the rate of change of the opening area accompanying the opening / closing operation can be changed. For this reason, when installing the hydraulic power apparatus 10 in the water channel 11, it can set according to the amount of flowing water of an installation site.

  Further, in the hydropower device 10, the locking member attached to the lower edge portion 12 b of the water shielding adjustment sheet 12 as means for holding the lower edge portion 12 b of the water shielding adjustment sheet 12 at a fixed position on the arm member 15. The wire 16 is provided so as to be locked to the upstream side of the water channel 11 and stretched to the upstream side of the water channel 11. For this reason, a stable holding function can be obtained with a relatively simple mechanism without hindering the water flow R in the water channel 11. Moreover, the holding position of the lower edge part 12b of the water-impervious adjustment sheet 12 with respect to the arm member 15 can be easily changed only by winding or unwinding the wire 16. In place of the wire 16, a chain, rope, string, wire, or the like can be used.

  Furthermore, when the water level of the water flow R in the water channel 11 exceeds the set value, an automatic opening device 25 is provided as a water channel opening mechanism that causes the water blocking function of the water blocking adjustment sheet 12 to be lost. If the amount of water flow in the water channel 11 increases abnormally due to heavy rain, etc., a water level sensor (not shown) in the water intake 25b provided in the side wall 11a detects it and cancels the holding function of the wire 16. The wire 16 is drawn out from the automatic opening device 25, and the lower edge portion 12b of the water shielding adjustment sheet 12 is detached from the arm member 15 to lose the water shielding function. Thereby, since the water channel 11 is widely opened, the overflow from the water channel 11 can be avoided.

  In the present embodiment, since the automatic opening device 25 is provided, the water blocking function of the water blocking adjustment sheet 12 can be reliably lost and the water channel 11 can be opened with a relatively simple mechanism. Further, when the amount of flowing water in the water channel 11 returns to normal, the automatic opening device 25 can wind the wire 16 and return the locking member 24 to the original position on the arm member 15. The return work of 12 is also easy.

  Next, based on FIG. 8, FIG. 9, the function of the overflow dam body 21 which comprises the hydropower apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 is demonstrated. FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the hydropower device shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an operating state of the overflow dam body shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the overflow bank 21 has an axis parallel to the rotational axis 13c of the water turbine 13 in any of a plurality of locking holes 31a provided in the suspension members 31 attached to both ends thereof. It is attached by inserting the body 32 and fixing the shaft body 32 to the side arm 20. Therefore, the overflow levee body 21 can rotate around the shaft body 32. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the overflow bank 21 is provided with a plurality of through holes 21 h that connect the upper surface portion 21 t and the lower surface portion 21 u.

  By providing the through-hole 21h in the overflow levee body 21, the region on the upper surface portion 21t side and the region on the lower surface portion u side are in communication with each other. Occurrence of water damage in can be prevented. Therefore, vibration caused by water hammer can be eliminated.

  Further, since the overflow bank 21 is pivotally supported via a shaft 32 (see FIG. 8), as shown in FIG. 9A, the foreign matter 34 that has flowed along with the water flow overflows. When the dam body 21 is caught between the water wheel 13 and the water wheel 13, the overflow dam body 21 rotates in the direction of the arrow about the shaft body 32 as shown in FIG. Thereby, since the clearance gap between the concave curved surface 21a of the overflow levee body 21 and the water wheel 13 spreads, as shown in FIG.9 (c), the foreign material 34 will detach | leave from the said clearance gap and will flow downstream. As described above, when the foreign matter 34 is caught between the overflow levee body 21 and the water wheel 13, the overflow dam body 21 rotates around the shaft body 32 to discharge the foreign matter 34 to the downstream side. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the rotation failure of the water turbine 13 due to the biting of foreign matter. Further, when the foreign matter 34 is discharged, the overflow bank 21 automatically returns to the original posture, and the water turbine 13 also rotates as usual.

  In addition, in order to adjust the force required for the rotation of the overflow levee body 21 and the restoring force, a weight 33 is provided near the lower edge on the upstream side of the overflow levee body 21. By increasing or decreasing the mass of the weight 33 according to the situation of the installation location, the force and restoring force required for the rotation of the overflow levee body 21 can be appropriately set. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the rotation center of the overflow levee body 21 is selected by selecting any one of the plurality of locking holes 31 a provided in the suspension member 31 and inserting the shaft body 32. Therefore, it is possible to make a setting suitable for the installation location.

  The hydropower device of the present invention can be widely used as a power source for a hydroelectric generator, a dust removing device in a water channel or a pump.

1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a schematic structure of a hydropower device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the hydropower device shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the water power device shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 2. It is an enlarged view of the part shown by the arrow line A in FIG. FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an operating state of the water power device shown in FIG. 1 in a high water level state. FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an operation state of the water power device shown in FIG. 1 in a low water level state. It is a partially expanded sectional view of the water motive power device shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the operation state of the overflow bank body shown in FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Water power unit 11 Water channel 11a Side wall 11b Bottom board 12 Water-impervious adjustment sheet 12a Upper edge part 12b Lower edge part 12h Through-hole 13 Water wheel 13c Rotating shaft center 14 Float 15 Arm member 15a Support shaft 15b, 22a Connecting hole 16 Wire 17 Mounting member 18, 19 Tilt arm 20 Side arm 21 Overflow bank 21a Concave surface 21t Upper surface 21u Lower surface 21h Through hole 22 Lifting arm 23, 24 Locking member 24a Hook 24b Notch 25 Automatic opening device 25a Winding member 25b Water intake 26, 27 Pulley 28 Opening 29 Rotating shaft 30 Sprocket 31 Suspension member 31a Locking hole 32 Shaft body 33 Weight 34 Foreign material A, S Arrow line h1, h2 Water surface drop R, R1 Water flow

Claims (3)

  A float that moves up and down according to the vertical fluctuation of the water level in the water channel, an arm member that undulates in the water channel in conjunction with the lifting and lowering of the float, and a state in which the upper edge moves up and down in conjunction with the lifting and lowering of the float Flexible water-impervious adjustment sheet disposed in the water channel, holding means for holding the lower edge of the water-impervious adjustment sheet at a fixed position on the arm member, and ascending and descending in conjunction with the raising and lowering of the float And a water turbine arranged in a possible manner, wherein the overflow power body is provided on the upstream side of the water turbine above the upper edge portion of the water shielding adjustment sheet.   The hydropower device according to claim 1, wherein a through-hole that communicates the upper surface portion and the lower surface portion of the overflow levee body is provided.   The hydropower device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the overflow levee body is pivotally supported via a shaft body parallel to the rotation axis of the water turbine.

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