RU2158184C1 - Method of preliminary treatment of domestic garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: processing of solid domestic garbage. SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes transportation of mixed solid domestic garbage, selection of used components of large-sized garbage placed in reservoirs, separation of garbage which was not taken into fractions, collection of liquid and fine fractions for further processing, extraction of components from coarse fraction of garbage which are accumulated in respective reservoirs for subsequent processing. Prior to separation of components which were not taken, second stage of separation of large-sized garbage is effected and components are placed in reservoirs. Large-sized garbage accumulated separately is unloaded from containers onto platform provided with solid coat and separated by components placed in respective reservoirs; large-sized garbage which was not taken is directed for separation together with solid domestic garbage. Components of large-sized garbage taken at all stages subjected to subsequent processing with respective components extracted from coarse fraction of solid domestic garbage after separation. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency, profitableness and complexity of processing of solid domestic garbage. 8 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of processing solid household and industrial wastes into products used in various sectors of the economy.

 There is a method of pre-treatment of consumer waste, including the transportation of mixed household waste, unloading, fractionation, collecting liquid and fine fractions for further disposal, extraction of the used components from a large fraction that are accumulated in appropriate containers, selection of bulky waste (KGM) and joint processing used components of bulky waste and other similar selected used components after separation (see SU 1585019 cl. B 07 B 9/00, publ. 15.08.1990).

 However, in the proposed method there is no preliminary sorting of bulky waste, which limits the possibility of complex disposal of waste of different sizes and reduces the efficiency of processing.

 A known method for the preliminary processing of household and industrial waste, including the separate collection of bulky waste, such as old furniture, equipment, automobiles and other vehicles, and smaller household waste into appropriate containers, their mechanical selection and distribution on a conveyor belt, the joint processing of similar products or the same properties (see patent FR N 2400958 CL B 03 B, 9/06, publ. 23.03.1979).

 The disadvantages of the method include the need for further processing of the selected components, i.e. lack of complete disposal.

 The closest analogue to the proposed method is a method of pre-treatment of consumption waste, including the transportation of mixed solid household waste (MSW), unloading on the site, the selection of bulky waste (KGM) used components placed in containers by type of components, the separation of unselected KGM waste into fractions, collection of liquid and fine fractions for further processing, extraction of waste from a large fraction of the waste when moving the used components, which is accumulated in appropriate containers by type, accumulation in containers of unselected and unused waste for further processing (see patent EP N 0599801 CL B 03 B 9/06, published 01.06.1994).

 Its disadvantages include the incomplete disposal of the components used.

 The objective and the achieved technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the efficiency, profitability and complexity of processing solid waste due to the maximum disposal of the components that make up the waste.

 The specified result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of pre-treatment of consumer waste, including the transportation of mixed solid household waste (MSW), the unloading of solid waste, the choice of used components of bulky waste (KGM), placed in containers by type of components, separation of unselected waste into fractions, collection liquid and small fractions for further processing, extraction of waste from a large fraction of the waste when they move the used components that accumulate in appropriate containers by type, on filling in containers of unselected and unused waste for further processing, according to the invention, before separating unselected components from them during transportation, at least the second stage of selection of KGM for other types of components used is carried out, which are placed in appropriate containers, separately collected additional KGM is unloaded another paved area, sorted by the components used, and unselected waste sent for separation together with solid waste, KGM components selected at all stages, including additional KGM components, are subjected to joint further processing with the corresponding components used, extracted from a large solid waste fraction after separation.

 In addition, the unloading of solid waste can be carried out to another site with a hard surface or into a storage pit, and then they can pick up and deliver the waste to the receiving hopper, from which they are fed for separation.

 In addition, further processing of the components used is carried out by removing other random components and / or dirt.

 In addition, the components used are shaped and dimensioned for subsequent compaction, and then sealed to form packets of the required size, shape and strength.

 In addition, separately collected waste on the components used after transportation is discharged into the respective indicated containers.

 In addition, unselected unused waste is compacted to produce packages of the required size, shape and strength.

 In addition, other separately collected waste in the form of an estimate obtained during the cleaning of urban areas is subjected to the same further processing as unused waste.

 The method is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a complex of pre-treatment of consumption waste, plan view; figure 2 is the same side view.

 To implement a method of processing waste, the scheme of the waste sorting complex contains a site 1 with a hard surface, for example, asphalt, for unloading mixed solid waste, a receiving hopper 2, a separator unit 3, for example, in the form of a drum screen or screens, for separating un selected waste into fractions, belt conveyor 4 for manual waste sorting, feeding conveyor 5, platform 6 with hard, for example, asphalt coating for preliminary unloading and sorting of separately assembled additional bulky garbage, conveyor-ejector 7, hopper 8 for receiving unselected unused waste, section 9 for processing used components and unselected unused components of waste, including a device 10 for compacting waste, for example, a packing house 11 briquettes, a device 12 for grinding, such as a crusher, and section 13 packaging of shredded waste, for example, a bagger, an access rack 14 for garbage trucks, an additional receiving hopper 15, a scraper belt conveyor 16, a plate feeder 17, metal catch Only 18, storage containers 19-22 used components.

 The technological cycle of pre-treatment of consumption waste by the proposed method is as follows. After transportation, the mixed solid household waste is discharged to platform 1 with an asphalt pavement, bulky waste (KGM) of the components used is selected, for example, wooden furniture, scrap metal, etc., and placed in containers by types of components - storage containers 19-22. The remaining mixed solid waste is loaded into hopper 2 or 15. Intermediate mixed solid waste can also be discharged into a storage pit (not shown in the drawing), and then grab into a hopper 2 or 15 for further separation. Through the receiving hopper 2, the waste is discharged to a plate feeder 7, which ensures uniform feeding to an inclined or horizontal conveyor (not shown in the drawing), on which at least the second stage of selection of KGM for other types of components is carried out before separation of unselected solid waste during transportation - discard paper boxes, packs of newspapers, etc., which are placed in the respective storage containers 19-22.

 Separately, additional bulky garbage (from bunkers) is collected, unloaded onto another specially designated asphalt pad 6, distributed around the site and disassembled into the components used: paper, polymers, glass, wood, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, textiles, rubber and leather, food waste that is collected in appropriate storage containers 19-22 or sent to the same streams for further joint processing with the corresponding components.

 All unselected KGM waste is sent to drum screen 3 for fractionation. Passed through the holes of the screen 3, the fine and liquid fraction is collected for further processing. From the oversize coarse waste fraction on the conveyor belt 3, the components used are manually removed (removed) when moving: paper, polymers, glass, wood, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, textiles, rubber and leather, food waste, which are placed in the same storage containers 19-22 by type of component.

 The used KGM components selected at all stages, including the components of separately assembled KGM, are subjected to the same further processing as the corresponding used components extracted from the coarse fraction after separation, for example, in section 9 by grinding with a crusher 12 and packaging with a press 13 or compaction by baling press 10 and briquetting to obtain packages or briquettes of the required shape and strength.

 Separately collected other waste, for example, in the form of an estimate obtained during the cleaning of urban areas, is subjected to the same further processing as unused waste.

 Constant dosimetric monitoring of individual fractions and components of the waste, as well as monitoring for the presence of explosives.

 Consumption waste collected separately for the components used is discharged into the same containers or sent to the same streams as the used components selected at the indicated stages.

Claims (8)

 1. The method of pre-treatment of consumption waste, including the transportation of mixed solid household waste (MSW), the unloading of solid waste, the choice of used components of bulky waste, placed in containers by type of component, separation of unselected waste into fractions, collection of liquid and fine fractions for further processing, extraction of large fractions of waste during their movement of used components that accumulate in appropriate containers by type, accumulation in containers of unselected and unused waste odes for further processing, characterized in that before separation of the unselected components from them during transportation, at least the second stage of the selection of KGM for other types of components used is carried out, which are placed in the respective indicated containers, separately assembled additional KGM is unloaded from the containers to the site with a hard coating, they are disassembled according to the components used, and unselected waste is sent together with solid waste, and the used KGM components selected at all stages, including the components of additional KGM are subjected to joint further processing with the corresponding components used, extracted from a large fraction of solid waste after separation.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the unloading of solid waste is carried out at another site with a hard surface or in a storage pit and then capture and feed the waste into a receiving hopper, from which they are fed for separation.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge of solid waste is carried out in a receiving hopper, from which they are fed for separation.  4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the further processing of the components used is carried out by removing other random components and / or dirt.  5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the components used are shaped and dimensioned for subsequent compaction and then compacted to form packets of the required size, shape and strength.  6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the unselected unused waste is compacted to obtain packages of the required size, shape and strength.  7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the separately collected waste on the components used after transportation is discharged into the respective indicated containers.  8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the other separately collected waste in the form of an estimate obtained during the cleaning of urban areas is subjected to the same further processing as unused waste.

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