RU2158177C1 - Sorption-active material for removing petroleum derivatives from water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil pollution removal. SUBSTANCE: material contains 80-90% of natural filler (peat or moss) and 20-10% of polymer binder: ultrahigh-molecular polyethylene (molecular weight 1500000-4000000) with apparent density 360-530 kg/cu.m. EFFECT: reduced required amount of composition. 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to sorption-active materials based on natural raw materials of plant origin for the purification of natural, industrial and domestic wastewater containing petroleum products.

 In the prior art there is a known method of wastewater treatment from oil products using granular peat [Belkevich PI, Chistova LR, Rogach L. M. et al. Granular peat for wastewater treatment from oil products. / Peat industry. 1984. N 10. P. 15-17.], As well as the purification of oily wastewater on peat filters under load [Belkevich PI, Chistova LR, Rogach LM and other Purification of oily wastewater on peat-loaded filters. / Peat industry. 1983. N 4. S. 29-31.]. The disadvantages of these sorption materials used to purify water from petroleum products are poor peat permeability to the flow of filtered liquid, which significantly impairs the hydraulic characteristics of the peat layer, the removal of its fibers at high filtration rates, as well as leaching in slightly acidic and alkaline environments, which leads to additional pollution fluid flow. The use of granular peat does not give a positive result, since when used in an aqueous medium, peat granules lose their mechanical strength due to high swelling.

 The closest analogue to the claimed technical solution is a filter material for the treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater, having 22-24% peat and 76-78% polyvinyl formal (PVF) in its composition [a.s. N 1766461 USSR. Filter material for the treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater. / Bul. N 37, 10/07/92.]. The disadvantage of this material is that this material cannot be used for sorption of oil products from water at their low concentrations (less than 2 g / l). In addition, the high content of PVF leads to a rise in the cost of the material, and also negatively affects the sorption of oil products from the aqueous medium, since PVF is a hydrophilic substance.

 The technical result of the claimed invention is to maintain the degree of extraction of petroleum products from water at their reduced concentrations in water.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the sorption-active material for purifying water from oil products contains a natural filler - peat or moss, and as a polymer binder - ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a molecular weight (MM) (1.5-4.0) • 10 ⁶ and with an apparent density of 360-530 kg / m ³ in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Peat or moss 80-90; ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene 20-10.

A significant difference of the claimed invention is the use as a binder of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene with MM (1.5-4.0) • 10 ⁶ and with an apparent density of 360-530 kg / m ³ with a ratio of the specified binder and peat or moss 20-10 wt.% and 80-90 wt.%, respectively.

When cleaning water bodies located within the boundaries of settlements from oil products, one of the main problems is the removal of a thin oily film from the surface of the water. The experimental data presented in the table confirm that the sorption-active material obtained using UHMWPE as a binder for peat or moss with a density of 360-530 kg / m ³ allows sorption of oil products from the surface of the water at their concentrations of less than 2 g / l, while maintaining the degree of extraction of oil from water at the level of 99.0-99.5%.

 Example 1

Obtaining sorption-active material for water purification from petroleum products is as follows. In a heated apparatus with a three-blade mixer [Vasiltsov EA, Ushakov V.G. Apparatus for mixing liquid media: a reference guide. L .: Chemistry, 1972. - 464 S.] preparing a solution of UHMWPE with a concentration of 1 wt.%. As a solvent, paraffin is used (TU 6-09-3637-87). At 140 ^o C and continuous stirring (150 rpm) 0.2 kg of UHMWPE (TU 6-05-1896-80) with MM 1.5 • 10 ^{6 are} loaded into the solvent and the suspension process takes place for 1 min. The dissolution is carried out with increasing temperature to 150 ^o C for 9 minutes with constant stirring. The filler - peat - is heated at 130 ^o C for 60 minutes The heated filler (peat) is loaded into the polymer solution at a temperature of 140 ^o C in an amount of 0.8 kg. The composition is mixed at 25-30 rpm for 5 minutes The resulting composition is placed in a mold and cooled at room temperature. The cooled composite to remove paraffin from it is extracted with a C ₆ -C ₁₀ hydrocarbon at the boiling point of the hydrocarbon. Then the material is dried at 70 ^o C for 30 minutes The finished sorption-active material is a composite with a filler (peat) content of 80 wt.% And a binder content (UHMWPE with MM 1.5 • 10 ⁶ and an apparent density of 523 kg / m ³ ) 20 wt.%.

 Water purification from oil products by sorption-active material is as follows. Sorption-active material is placed on the surface of a natural reservoir (Ekaterinofka River, St. Petersburg) in an amount of 1 kg, for example, in the form of granules of a cubic shape with a rib size of 20 mm. Sorption of oil products (oil film) took place within 72 hours. The initial concentration of petroleum products was 1.1 g / l, the final concentration of 0.011 g / l. The degree of extraction of petroleum products amounted to 99.0%. After sorption, the sorbent is collected and disposed of by incineration. The ash content of the sorbent is 1.5-2.5%.

 Example 28

Obtaining sorption-active material for water purification from petroleum products is as follows. In a heated apparatus with a three-blade mixer [Vasiltsov EA, Ushakov V.G. Apparatus for mixing liquid media: a reference guide. L .: Chemistry, 1972. - 464 S.] preparing a solution of UHMWPE with a concentration of 1 wt.%. As a solvent, paraffin is used (TU 6-09-3637-87). At 140 ^o C and continuous stirring (150 rpm) 0.2 kg of UHMWPE (TU 6-05-1896-80) with MM 1.5 • 10 ^{3 are} loaded into the solvent and the suspension process takes place for 1 min. The dissolution is carried out with increasing temperature to 150 ^o C for 9 minutes with constant stirring. The filler - moss sphagnum - is heated at 130 ^o C for 60 minutes The heated filler (moss sphagnum) is loaded into the polymer solution at a temperature of 140 ^o C in an amount of 0.8 kg. The composition is mixed at 25-30 rpm for 5 minutes The resulting composition is placed in a mold and cooled at room temperature. The cooled composite to remove paraffin from it is extracted with a C ₆ -C ₁₀ hydrocarbon at the boiling point of the hydrocarbon. Then the material is dried at 70 ^o C for 30 minutes The finished sorption-active material is a composite with a filler content (moss sphagnum) of 80 wt.% And a binder content (UHMWPE with MM 1.5 • 10 ⁶ and an apparent density of 523 kg / m ³ ) 20 wt.%.

 Water purification from oil products by sorption-active material is as follows. Sorption-active material is placed on the surface of a natural reservoir (Ekaterinofka River, St. Petersburg) in an amount of 1 kg, for example, in the form of granules of a cubic shape with a rib size of 20 mm. Sorption of oil products (oil film) took place within 72 hours. The initial concentration of petroleum products was 0.9 g / l, the final concentration of 0.009 g / l. The degree of extraction of petroleum products amounted to 99.0%. After sorption, the sorbent is collected and disposed of by incineration. The ash content of the sorbent is 1.2-2.0%.

Examples confirming the use of the inventive sorption-active material are presented in the table. Outrageous values of the filler and binder content give a negative result: when the binder content is above 20 wt.% And filler below 80 wt.%, The sorption properties of the material are reduced, and when the binder content is below 10 wt.% And filler above 90 wt.%, The integrity of the material is violated . The use of UHMWPE with MM below 1.5 • 10 ⁶ leads to a violation of the integrity of the material, and UHMWPE with MM above 4.0 • 10 ⁶ does not allow to obtain a material of a homogeneous structure, since mixing is difficult. With an apparent density of UHMWPE less than 360 kg / m ³ , the integrity of the material is violated, and with an apparent density of UHMWPE more than 530 kg / m ^{3 the} sorption properties of the material are reduced.

 The concentration of petroleum products in water was determined by the method [Ponomarev V. G., Saneev I.K., Matveev A.G. Wastewater treatment of oil refineries. Oil industry, 1986.-249 p.].

Claims (1)

Sorption-active material for water purification from petroleum products, containing a natural filler of plant origin and a polymeric binder, characterized in that ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene with a molecular weight of (1.5 - 4.0) • 10 ⁶ and an apparent density of 360 - is used as a polymer binder 530 kg / m ³ in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Filling: peat or moss - 80 - 90
Binder: ultra high molecular weight polyethylene with a molecular weight of (1.5 - 4.0) • 10 ⁶ - 20 - 10

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