SU1766461A1 - Filter medium for purification of industrial and domestic - Google Patents

Description

one

(21) 4892230/26

(22) 05.11.90

(46) O 10.92. Bul №37

(71) Northern Research Institute of Hydrotechnics and Land Reclamation

(72) V.L. Bogdanov, T.A.Ananyeva, G.V.Ivanova and N.N. Netreba

(56) 1. Application of the Federal Republic of Germany No. 2206445, cl. 12 d 1/03, 1973.

2. USSR author's certificate number 806615, cl. C 02 F 1/42, 1978.

(54) FILTER MATERIAL FOR CLEANING INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WASTEWATER

(57) Use: The material is intended for the purification of water from non-ferrous metal ions, petroleum products and surfactants. The essence of the invention: the material contains 22-24 wt.% Peat and 76-78 wt.% Polyvinyl formal. 2 tab.

The invention relates to filtering materials for the purification of industrial wastewater, containing non-ferrous metal ions, petroleum products, synthetic surfactants and domestic, wastewater from agro-industrial production, containing chemical meliorants that are applied to the soil in an unlimited amount.

A filtering material based on peat and from other organic materials enriched with carbon in their natural state for wastewater treatment 1 is known. However, the known filtering material is characterized by low adsorption capacity and mechanical strength, cannot be regenerated, and as a result has one-time use. Poor permeability of peat to the flow of filtered liquid impairs the hydraulic characteristics of the filter material.

The closest solution to the claimed technical solution is a filtering material for wastewater treatment from nonferrous metal ions, petroleum products and synthetic surfactants, including peat and sediment of neutralized pickling solutions containing iron hydroxide, calcium sulfate and lime, and the sediment is 30 -70% of the total weight, and peat - the remaining weight 2.

A disadvantage of the known filtering material is the instability of the cleaning process, which leads to a decrease in the quality of cleaning, and short duration of use of the filtering material. The reason is the formation of cracks in the layer of filter material due to partial dissolution in iron hydroxide and calcium sulphate, which is part of the granules, in which sorption of non-ferrous metals of electroplating is carried out, as well as the regeneration of the filter material. In this connection, the bonds between the granules weaken, through the cracks formed metals penetrate into the filtrate, the filter breaks down, the strength and durability of the filter decrease, the metal exchange capacity decreases already in the second sorption-regeneration cycle, and besides, the cracks formed leaching of humic acids from peat that

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also causes contamination of filtered water with organic matter,

The purpose of the proposed technical solution is to increase the sorption capacity,

This goal is achieved by the fact that the filtering material for the purification of industrial and domestic wastewater, including peat, according to the invention, additionally contains polyvinyl form in the following ratio of components, May.

peat- . , „P22-24

polyvinyl6 rohm -76-78

As a result of the uniform distribution of the peat fibers in the viscous solution of polyvinylformal, followed by curing, a porous ordered structure of the filter material is formed, which allows an increase in the cleaning quality by increasing the absorption capacity and strength of the filter material structure. In addition, this increases the duration of the cleaning cycle and the number of sorption-regeneration cycles.

Moist peat was used to obtain a filtering material. obtained by simple mixing peat with polyvinylformal to a homogeneous mass. Then this mass was laid in a form that replicates the configuration and dimensions of the filtering element of the cleaning column. After that, the mold with the filtering material was placed in a thermostat at t 70 ° С for 1 h, and then it was washed with water from excess hydrochloric acid. The obtained filtering material was filled in the column (layer height 100 mm, column diameter 60 mm) and a solution of copper sulphate with a concentration of 1.5 g / l was passed at a feed rate of 1 m / h. The sorption efficiency was evaluated by the degree of utilization of the exchange capacity of the filter material and the total dynamic exchange capacity.

The regeneration of the filter material after its saturation was carried out with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid.

For experimental verification of the composition of the filtering material, 5 mixtures of components with different ratios were prepared. The results of the study are shown in Table. one.

Analysis of the research results for the filter material in question shows that the best purification rate is the filter material consisting of: peat 22-25%, polyvinyl formal 75-78%. The exchange capacity at such component ratios is 4.3-4.5 mmol / g, the dynamic capacity up to breakthrough is 1.5-1.6 mmol / r, the total dynamic capacity is 173-206 mg / g. With a ratio of components: peat 21%, polyvinyl formal 79%, the purification rate is low. With a ratio of 25% and 75%, the purification rates begin to fall.

Reliability and durability are the highest with peat composition ratios of 22-24%, polyvinylformal 76-78%. The relative deformation in the wet state is 85-90%. With a different ratio of peat and polyvinylformal, these indicators are lower. Mechanical strength is high with peat composition 21-24%. As the amount of peat in the filter material increases, the mechanical strength deteriorates, which leads to a decrease in the durability and reliability of the filter. Taking into account all the research indicators characterizing the reliability, durability and quality of cleaning of the proposed filter material, the most highly effective is the filter material having the composition: peat 22-24%, polyvinyl formal 78-76%.

The degree of desorption was 100%. When checking the stability of the material in multiple cycles of sorption regeneration, it was established that after 150 cycles the dynamic activity on copper remains unchanged.

The study of the cleaning efficiency in comparison with the prototype was carried out with examples of passing through a filtering material made by a cationic surfactant: a cationic blue dye solution at a concentration of 10 mg / l and an emulsion; oils at a concentration of 2 g / l.

Comparative data on the cleaning results are given in table. 2

Analysis of the research results shows that, compared with the prototype, the exchange capacity of the proposed filter material is about 2 times higher. The degree of extraction of cations of mineral salts and petroleum products is also higher.

Thus, the proposed filtering material, having in its composition 22-24% peat and 76-78% polyvinyl formal, has a high absorption capacity, high mechanical strength and good permeability due to the creation of a structure of uniformly arranged peat fibers, having porosity and high stability with multiple cycles of use.

Claims (1)

Claims: Filtering material for the purification of industrial and domestic wastewater containing peat, characterized in that, in order to increase the sorption capacity of material, it additionally contains polyvinyl formal in the following ratio of components, May. %: peat-22-24; polyvinyl formal -76-78. Table 1 table 2