RU2069077C1 - Method of manufacture of filter material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: purification of water by filtration. SUBSTANCE: used in proposed method as inorganic material are crushed silicate and aluminosilicate materials at size of particles ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 mm; used as binder is polymer waste in amount of 10 to 25 mass-% at size of particles from 0.2 to 1.5 mm; heat treatment is conducted at temperature ranging from 120 to 180 C; material is obtained in form of blocks. This methods makes it possible to produce filter blocks possessing high filtering characteristics in cleaning water from suspended particles, petroleum products and ion admixtures making use of available material and simple technology. EFFECT: improved filtering characteristics. 3 cl, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of water purification by filtration, in particular, to materials used for these purposes.

The prior art is as follows: known filter material containing silica sand with a particle size of 200 0.3 μm and a binder in an amount of 0.5 to 15 wt. which is repeatedly impregnated with quartz sand. Recommended epoxy resin binder [1]
The disadvantage of this material is the use of sand with a large difference in particle sizes. This leads to the production of a material with high resistance, low filtration rate and fast filter plugging with oil products. In addition, the technology for its preparation is complex, requires several impregnations and considerable time for the approval of the binder.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of obtaining a porous filtering material, comprising mixing granular inorganic material, for example, stacked spheres, graphite, with polypropylene or pentaplast with a particle size of about 50 microns, mixing the mixture in a gas-dynamic flow, heat treatment in molds and subsequent removal excess binder [2]
The disadvantage of this method is the use of spherical granules of glassy carbon (roads and small production volume) and a finely divided narrow fraction of polymer binders. Multi-stage and technical complexity of the preparation of the filter material, gas-dynamic mixing, removal of excess binder. The use of such filters in the mass treatment of effluents with a high content of suspended particles and oil products seems difficult due to the need for their frequent replacement.

 The invention consists in the following: the invention is aimed at solving the problem of simplifying the manufacturing technology of a filter material having high filtering characteristics when cleaning wastewater from suspended particles, oil products and the possibility of giving the filter material additional ability to soften water and purify it from ionic impurities.

 The solution to this problem is mediated by a new technical result. This technical result is a high filtering ability when cleaning from petroleum products and suspensions is achieved by using a filter unit made of inorganic material and waste polymer binder. The use of finely dispersed particles, which differ slightly in size, provides a high degree of purification, the use of polymers for bundling waste polymers simplifies and reduces the cost of obtaining filter material, and obtaining them in the form of a block simplifies the process of wastewater treatment.

 Salient features of the claimed technical solution: to obtain filter material, particles from inorganic materials are used, and waste polymeric materials are used as a binder.

Distinctive features of the proposed technical solution: to obtain a filter block, crushed silicate and aluminosilicate materials with a particle size of 0.3 to 2.5 mm are used, as a binder, waste polymeric materials in an amount of 10 25 wt. and a particle size of 0.2 to 1.5 mm, the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 120 180 ^o C.

The invention is carried out as follows: inorganic material (sand, zeolite, spent catalyst) with a particle size of 0.3 to 2.5 mm are mixed in any known manner with waste polymer binder (polyethylene, polypropylene, sevilen, etc.) with particle sizes of 0.2 1 , 5 mm, and the polymer content in the mixture is maintained within 10 25 wt. The resulting mixture is filled into a mold and sintered in any known manner at a temperature of 120-180 ^° C. The result is a block filter material.

 The optimal ratio of the polymer binder is selected based on experimental data. We experimentally established that when the content in the mixture is less than 10 wt. polymer does not get high-quality adhesion of all particles of inorganic material. With a content of more than 25 wt. a continuous polymer layer is formed, the filtration through which is very difficult.

 The optimal particle sizes of the inorganic material and the polymer are selected based on experimental data.

 At smaller particle sizes of the inorganic material, the layer resistance sharply increases, while at larger sizes the cleaning efficiency decreases.

 The dispersion of polymer particles is selected based on images of the correspondence of the dispersion of particles of inorganic material.

At sintering temperatures above 180 ^o C, there is a strong decomposition of the polymer binder (polyethylene) and the formation of 2 layers of inorganic material, poorly soaked on top and dense, with great resistance from below. At temperatures less than 120 ^o C, the sintering process is very slow and sintering of poor quality (blocks break up).

 The effectiveness of the method is illustrated by the following examples.

 Example 1

Inorganic material (sand) with a particle size of 0.5 to 1.2 mm was mixed with waste polymer binder (polyethylene) with a particle size of 0.3 to 1.0 mm The polymer content in the mixture was 20 wt. The resulting mixture was poured into a mold with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 20 mm. Heat treatment was carried out at a temperature of 150 ^o C. As a result, a filter block was obtained, which was tested to purify water from suspended solids and oil products.

 Example 2

In the conditions of example 1, polypropylene with a particle size of 0.2 1.5 mm, an inorganic material sand with a particle size of 0.5 - 2.5 mm, was taken as a polymer. The polymer content in the mixture is 14%. Sintering temperature 160 ^o C.

 Example 3

In the conditions of example 1, sevilen with a particle size of 0.3 to 1.2 mm was taken as the polymer, an inorganic material was a zeolite with a particle size of 0.5 to 2.0 mm. The polymer content in the mixture is 17%. Sintering temperature 180 ^o C.

 Example 4

In the conditions of example 1, sevilen with a particle size of 0.3 to 1.2 mm was taken as the polymer, an inorganic material modified clinoptilolite with a particle size of 0.5 to 2.0 mm. The polymer content in the mixture is 25%. Sintering temperature 160 ^o C.

 Example 5

In the conditions of example 1. The polymer content in the mixture of 10 wt. Sintering temperature 150 ^o C.

 Example 6

In the conditions of example 1, inorganic material wastes from aluminosilicate catalyst with a particle size of 0.3-1.0 mm The polymer content in the mixture is 25%. Sintering temperature 160 ^o C.

 Example 7

Under the conditions of example 1, a modified clinoptilolite with a particle size of 0.3 to 2.5 mm was taken as an inorganic material, and a sevilen with a particle size of 0.2 to 1.5 mm was used as the polymer. Sintering temperature 120 ^o C.

 Example 8

In the conditions of example 1. The polymer content in the mixture is 8 wt. Sintering temperature 150 ^o C.

 Example 9

In the conditions of example 1, the particle size of the sand 0.3 to 2.5 mm; polyethylene 0.2 - 1.5 mm. The polymer content in the mixture is 33 wt. Sintering temperature 140 ^o C.

 Example 10

In the conditions of example 1. The polymer content in the mixture of 25 wt. Sintering temperature 110 ^o C.

 Example 11

In the conditions of example 1. Sintering temperature 190 ^o C.

 As follows from the above data, the optimal polymer content in the mixture is 10 25 wt. (examples 1 to 7). With a lower content (example 8), the blocks scatter, and with a larger content (example 9), filtering through the block is difficult (see table).

The optimal sintering temperature is in the range of 120 180 ^o C.

 The proposed method allows to obtain filtering material in the form of blocks having high filtering characteristics when cleaning water from oil products, suspended solids and ionic impurities (examples 1 to 7).

 In addition, the method allows to obtain filtering blocks according to a fairly simple technology using available waste materials of silicate and aluminosilicate materials and various polymers.

Claims (3)

1. A method of obtaining a filtering material, comprising mixing an inorganic material, a polymeric binder, heat treatment in molds, characterized in that crushed silicate and aluminosilicate materials are used as the inorganic material, and waste polymer materials in the amount of 10 25 wt. and heat treatment is carried out at 120 180 ^o With obtaining the material in the form of a block.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the silicate and aluminosilicate materials are used with a particle size of 0.3 to 2.5 mm  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that polyethylene, polypropylene, sevilen with a particle size of 0.2 to 1.5 mm are used as the polymeric material.

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