RU215489U1 - Universal digital device for the control and management system of the chemicalization machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering, and more specifically to devices for automating dosing systems of chemicalization machines. The technical result is to increase the accuracy of control and management of dosing systems of chemicalization machines. The universal digital device for the monitoring and control system of the chemicalization machine contains a digital control unit. At the same time, it is also equipped with a universal digital-to-analogue converter, configured to be connected to the dispenser control device, and a universal analog-to-digital converter, configured to be connected to a flowmeter sensor. The universal digital-to-analogue converter and the universal analog-to-digital converter are coupled in two-way communication with a digital control unit configured to use the average value q instead of the instantaneous value q _t . The digital control unit is connected via a system bus to an information storage device, a counter for the number of polls, a sliding filter and an average calculator. Also, the digital control unit is configured to be connected via the ISOBUS connector to the on-board computer of the tractor, to which the GPS-GLONASS signal receiver and the module for downloading digital task cards or an online sensor are connected. 4 ill.

Description

The claimed technical solution relates to the field of agricultural engineering, and more specifically to devices for automating the dosing systems of chemicalization machines.

From the existing prior art, a device is known for setting, monitoring and controlling the flow of mineral fertilizers [RU 2043007, A01C7/00, A01C7/04, A01C15/00], containing a fertilizer flow sensor installed under the sowing machine and made in the form of two isolated sensitive plates, connected in parallel with the first inductor having an inductive connection with the second and third inductors. The second inductor is connected to the circuit of a high-frequency controlled oscillator, the control input of which is connected through a tuning voltage amplifier to the input of a digital-to-analogue converter. The third inductance coil is connected through a signal amplifier to the second input of the analog signal switch, and its first input is connected to the output of the humidity sensor installed in the hopper with seeding material. The output of the analog signal switcher is connected to the input of a variable gain amplifier, the electrical output of which is connected to the input of an analog-to-digital converter. The control inputs of the analog signal switch and the variable gain amplifier are connected to the external outputs of the first information input/output port, which is connected to the microcomputer via a system bus. The following are also connected to the latter through the system highway: an indication unit, a correction unit, a program timer, a path sensor associated with it, and a second external input-output port of information connected through the first power amplifier to the control input of a setting tool made in the form of an electrovalve, a hydraulic input which is combined with the inlet of the safety valve and the branch pipe of the pressure line of the tractor hydraulic system, and the outlet communicates with the inlet of the hydraulic motor, for installation on the shaft of the sowing machine. The output of the hydraulic motor through a throttle-regulator and a check valve connected in series is connected to a branch pipe for connecting to the drain line of the tractor hydraulic system, to which the second output of the solenoid valve and the output of the safety valve are also connected. The control output of the choke-regulator is mechanically connected to the reversible electric motor connected through the second power amplifier to the second external output of the second information input-output port.

The disadvantages of this device include:

1. the use of electronic-mechanical elements in its composition: a path sensor and a programmable timer, to assess the speed of the device;

2. the absence in its technological process of automatic differentiation of the application rate of the drug within the boundaries of one field, depending on the digital task card or data from the online sensor;

3. impossibility of exchanging data according to the standard international ISOBUS protocol between the on-board computer of the tractor and the device;

4. the impossibility of its use in the control and management of dosing systems for liquid preparations.

Also analogous to the claimed utility model is a device for automatic monitoring and control of the flow rate of the working fluid in boom sprayers [RU 2020818, A01M7/00], containing a control unit with a micro-computer connected via a system highway with an information display unit, a keyboard unit, an input port information output, an analog-to-digital converter, an analog signal switcher and a programmable timer. The external input of the information input-output port is connected to the output of the position sensor installed on the power drive, which is mechanically connected to the hydraulic pump. The inlet of the hydraulic pump communicates with the tank with the working fluid through the filter element through the suction pipe, and its outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to the pressure and overflow lines of the sprayer. The pressure line of the sprayer is connected to the boom with sprayers through a variable pressure flow meter, consisting of the first second pressure sensor, a pressure converter made in the form of a diaphragm, and inlet and outlet pipes with flanges, in which the first and second pressure sensors are installed, respectively. The electrical outputs of both sensors are connected to the external inputs of the analog signal switch, the external output of which is connected to the analog-to-digital converter. The overflow line communicates with the working fluid tank through a bypass valve mechanically connected to the electric motor, the input of which is connected by means of a power amplifier to the external output of the information input-output port. The working fluid tank is mounted on support wheels, on one of which a speed sensor is fixed, the output of which is connected to the input of a programmable timer.

The disadvantages of the described device are:

1. the use of electronic-mechanical elements in its composition: a path sensor and a programmable timer, to assess the speed of the device;

2. the absence in its technological process of automatic differentiation of the application rate of the drug within the boundaries of one field, depending on the digital task card or data from the online sensor;

3. impossibility of exchanging data according to the standard international ISOBUS protocol between the on-board computer of the tractor and the device;

4. the impossibility of its use in the control and management of dosing systems of solid preparations.

The prototype for the claimed utility model is a device for processing and disinfecting the soil during the formation of a profiled surface [RU 207495, A01B 49/00, A01M 17/00, A01M 21/04], containing a pesticide flowmeter, an actuator for adjusting the consumption of the drug, GPS - GLONASS receiver, a module for downloading digital task cards and an electromagnetic valve, the electrical outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the digital control unit.

The main disadvantages of this device are:

1. the impossibility of data exchange using the standard international ISOBUS protocol between the on-board computer of the tractor and the device;

2. low accuracy of assessment of the controlled process, due to the use of its instantaneous values for this.

3. the impossibility of adjusting the rate of application of drugs depending on the data from the online sensor;

4. the impossibility of its use in the control and management of dosing systems of solid preparations.

The task to be solved by the claimed utility model is the creation of a universal device for monitoring and controlling dosing systems of chemicalization machines.

The solution to this problem is achieved due to the fact that a universal digital device for the control and management system of the chemicalization machine, containing a digital control unit, a dispenser with a dispenser control device connected to it, a flow sensor, a GPS-GLONASS signal receiver, a module for loading digital task cards or the online sensor is also equipped with a universal digital-to-analog converter with a dispenser control device connected to it, and a universal analog-to-digital converter with a flowmeter connected to it, moreover, the universal digital-to-analog converter and the universal analog-to-digital converter are connected by two-way communication with a digital control unit, which is connected via the system bus to the information storage device, the counter of the number of polls, the sliding filter and the average calculator, also the digital control unit is connected by the ISOBUS connector to the on-board computer of the tractor, to which the GPS-GLONASS signal receiver is connected. cash and a module for downloading digital task cards or an online sensor.

The technical result provided by the above set of features is to increase the accuracy of control and management of dosing systems of chemicalization machines by including in the device:

1. universal analog-to-digital converter that provides communication between the digital control unit and the dispenser control device;

2. universal digital-to-analogue converter, with a flowmeter connected to it, and connecting it with a digital control unit;

3. an information storage device, a counter for the number of polls, a sliding filter and an average calculator connected to the digital control unit via the system bus;

4. ISOBUS connector, which implements feedback between the digital control unit and the on-board computer of the tractor, and is connected to the latest GPS-GLONASS signal receiver and the module for downloading digital task cards or an online sensor.

In FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a universal digital device for the monitoring and control system of a chemicalization machine.

In FIG. 2 shows the process flow of the device in the form of a block diagram.

In FIG. 3 shows the control and management algorithm of the chemicalization machine in the form of a block diagram.

In FIG. 4 shows the algorithm for processing the instantaneous value of the drug consumption.

The described technical solution includes: a digital control unit (CCU) 1, a dispenser (D) 7 with a dispenser control device (UUD) 6 connected to it, a flow sensor (DR) 4, a GPS-GLONASS signal receiver (PGNSS) 15, a loading module digital task cards or an online sensor (memory || OS) 14 is also equipped with a universal digital-to-analog converter (UDAC) 5, with a dispenser control device (UUD) 6 connected to it, and a universal analog-to-digital converter (UADC) 3, connected to it with a flow sensor (DR) 4, and the universal digital-to-analog converter (UCAC) 5 and the universal analog-to-digital converter (UADC) 3 are coupled with two-way communication with a digital control unit (CCU) 1, which is connected via a system bus 8 with an information storage device (NI ) 9, a polling counter (RMS) 10, a sliding filter (SF) 11 and an average calculator (BC) 12, also a digital control unit (CBU) 1 is connected by an ISOBUS 13 connector to the on-board computer of the truck torus (BC) 2, to which the GPS-GLONASS signal receiver (PGNSS) 15 and the module for downloading digital task cards or an online sensor (memory || OS) 14.

The workflow of the device is presented in the form of a block diagram in Fig. 2, where, when the device is turned on, the digital control unit (CBU), the information storage device (NI), the counter for the number of polls (SKO), the sliding filter (SF) of the average calculator (VS), as well as the ISOBUS protocol for data exchange with the on-board computer ( BK) tractor and GPS-GLONASS signal receiver (PGNSS). Further, in automatic mode, the digital control unit performs self-diagnosis of the device, aimed at detecting problems associated with the connection of the flowmeter sensor (DR), the dispenser control device (DCU) or errors during the initialization of the alerted device elements. If they are detected, the digital control unit (CBU) sends an appropriate signal to the on-board computer (BC) of the tractor, which displays an information message about the current problem on its display.

If there are no errors, the digital control unit (CBU) enters the setting parameters input mode (consumption rate of the drug Q _k , the working width of the chemicalization machine B and the value of the agrotechnical tolerance β for the deviation of the value of the controlled process Q(t) from the rate of consumption of the drug Q _k . After when the operator enters the required values on the display of the on-board computer of the tractor BC, they are transferred to the digital control unit of the CBU, where the values of the lower and upper limits of the permissible interval Q _n , Q _in are calculated on the deviation of the controlled process Q (t) from the rate of consumption of the drug Q _k . the next stage of preparing the device for operation is the adjustment of the chemicalization machine to a given consumption rate, in accordance with known tuning methods.Before starting work, a pre-prepared task card is loaded for local application of the drug through the digital task card (SD) download module or connected and configured corresponding online sensor (OS). It is precisely at the beginning of the operation of the chemicalization machine on the cultivated field that the corresponding button is pressed on the on-board computer (BC) of the tractor, as a result of which the universal digital device switches to the control and management mode (Fig. 3). The exit of the device from the control and management mode is defined as the completion of work and is performed by pressing the corresponding button on the display of the on-board computer (BC) of the tractor.

The functioning of the universal digital device in the monitoring and control mode begins with a survey of the GPS-GLONASS signal receiver (PGNSS) by the on-board computer (BC) of the tractor. As a result, the on-board computer (BC) of the tractor receives the instantaneous value of the speed of the unit V, which is transmitted and recorded in the memory of the digital control unit (CCU), and the current coordinates of the location of the chemicalization machine x, y, sent to its memory. After that, the on-board computer (BC) of the tractor determines the state of the section E(x, y), corresponding to the location of the chemicalization machine, based on the data: read from the digital task card loaded through the download module (SD) or operational polls of the online sensor (OS). If the section of the field along which the chemicalization machine moves requires the introduction of the drug E(x, y)≠1, then the operation of the device is carried out further according to the algorithm. If the area of the field does not require the introduction of the drug, then the digital control unit (CBU) through the universal digital-to-analog converter UCAP sends the appropriate signal to the dispenser control device (UUD) in order to turn it off. The introduction of the drug in this area is not carried out.

The movement of the chemicalization machine in the zone requiring the introduction of the drug E(x, y) = 1 is accompanied by a digital control unit (CCU) polling the sensor-flowmeter (DR), connected to it through a universal analog-to-digital converter (UADC), and processing the obtained instantaneous flow rate drug according to a special algorithm (Fig. 4). The polling of the sensor-flowmeter (DR) is performed every 20 cm of the unit's path.

The transmitted instantaneous flow rate q _t from the sensor-flowmeter DR is recorded in the RAM of the digital control unit (CBU). Along with this, the counter of the number of polls (RMS) is incremented by one, i.e. at the beginning of work on the field N=0, at each polling of the flowmeter N:=N+1. If the value stored in the polling counter (RMS) is less than one hundred (N≤100) (at the beginning of the device operation, the first 20 m of the unit's path), the device collects q _t values in the information storage device (NI). In this case, the digital control unit (CBU) transmits the value of q _t via the system bus to the information storage device (NI), where it is recorded as the last element in the data array. This array, with a size of 100 elements, accumulates and stores the values of the drug consumption values of a hundred previous measurements during the operation of the device. The current value of the drug consumption in this case is calculated in the digital control unit (CCU), taking into account the values of the drug consumption rate Q _k stored in its memory, the instantaneous speed of the unit V and the working width of the chemicalization machine B according to the formula:

If the value of the counter of the number of polls (RMS) of the flow sensor is more than one hundred (N>100), then the sliding filter (SF) connected via the system bus to the information storage device (NI) updates the data array by deleting the value of the drug flow rate under its first index and overwriting the values contained under the i-th index with the values of the elements under the index i+1. In analytical form, this is represented as follows:

With this transformation, the value of the drug consumption under the first index is deleted, and the subsequent ones are shifted by 1 index to the left. After that, the digital control unit (CBU) transmits the value q _t via the system bus (SS) to the information storage device (NI) and writes it to the data array as the last element:

As a result, the updated data array contained in the information storage device (NI) includes 100 drug consumption values, which are transferred to the average calculator (AC), where they are summed up and divided by 100. In this case, the average calculator (AC) performs the following transformation:

The average calculator (AC) transmits the calculated average value of the flow rate q via the system bus to the digital control unit of the CBU, and the latter erases the instantaneous value of the flow rate q _{t from its RAM.}

The average value of the drug consumption q allows to increase the accuracy of the assessment of the controlled process Q(t), by minimizing the influence of random, in a probabilistic-statistical sense, phenomena occurring inside the control and measuring equipment.

The digital control unit (CCU) then calculates the actual drug consumption per hectare Q _t , based on the stored values of the instantaneous speed of the machine V, the working width of the chemicalization machine B and the average drug consumption q. The calculation formula is as follows:

After that, the digital control unit (CBU) compares the actual consumption of the drug per hectare Q _t with acceptable values (Q _n ;Q _in ). In the event that the controlled parameter Q _t goes beyond the accepted tolerance, the digital control unit (CBU) sends the appropriate command to the dispenser control device (UUD), which corrects the control action U _q (figure 1) applied to the dispenser (D), to a large or smaller side. Thus, the operating mode of the dispenser (D) is adjusted. If the actual consumption of the drug per hectare Q _t is within the tolerance (Q _n ;Q _in ), adjustment of the control action U _q and adjustment of the dispenser (D) is not required.

Claims (1)

A universal digital device for the monitoring and control system of a chemicalization machine, containing a digital control unit, characterized in that it is equipped with a universal digital-to-analog converter configured to be connected to the dispenser control device, and a universal analog-to-digital converter configured to be connected to a flow sensor, moreover, the universal digital-to-analog converter and the universal analog-to-digital converter are coupled with a two-way communication with a digital control unit configured to use the average value q instead of the instantaneous value q _t , which is connected via the system bus to the information storage device, the counter for the number of polls, the sliding filter and the average calculator, also, the digital control unit is configured to be connected via the ISOBUS connector to the on-board computer of the tractor, to which the GPS-GLONASS signal receiver and the digital map loading module are connected. Denmark or online sensor.

Images