RU2147389C1 - Method for laying cable on supports of contact-lines, and of automatic block lines of railways - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway equipment. SUBSTANCE: method relates to creation of telecommunication systems on railways and laying and mounting of communication lines on supports of contact-lines and of high-voltage lines of railway automatic block systems. According to first stage of operations, railway supports are subjected to diagnosis as to their load-bearing capacity. Mounted on supports suitable for cable mounting by means of brackets are reeling-out rollers which are intended for drawing-out of technological rope. Rope is drawn-out under tension. After that, technological rope is connected to fiber-optic cable with subsequent drawling out fiber-optic cable by means of rope through reeling-out rollers at speed of 0.3-0.8 m/s with maximal sagging and without coming in contact with ground surface. Fiber-optic cable is then anchored on supports and is tensioned by applying tensioning force which exceeds preset working tension by 5-10%. Under this tensioning force, cable is kept during 5-10 min. After that, supporting clamps are installed on line supports, and fiber-optic cable is repositioned from rollers to supporting clamps. Application of method allows for substantial reduction of construction periods and cost of fiber-optic communication lines together with allowing for use of mechanized suspension facilities. Also ensured is security of communication lines and quick recovery in case of breakdown. Communication lines are reliable in service. EFFECT: higher efficiency.

Description

 The invention relates to the field of telecommunications on railways, in particular to methods for laying and installing communication cables on the supports of the contact network and high-voltage self-locking lines.

 On railways, communication cables together with signal-blocking and power cables are laid in trenches along the railway tracks in special gutters (E. E. Ass et al. M. Transport, 1988, pp. 175-218). The specified method of installation and laying of cables is a very time-consuming and complex operation.

 Known cabling on railways in the form of overhead power lines (E.E.Ass and others M. "Transport", 1988, p. 238).

 Installation of overhead lines is carried out on reinforced concrete supports. The method consists in rolling the wires, their connection and suspension on the supports by fixing on insulators. The method is very time consuming, because the rolling of wires is carried out on the ground with the help of special machines and devices, and on hard-to-reach places of the road - manually, after which the rolled wires are connected before lifting to the supports. After connecting the wires, they are lifted to the supports using sliding rods or using ropes with hooks. After lifting, the wires are pulled up to a predetermined sag and secured to insulators using a dressing wire or special clamps.

 The method of laying overhead lines on railway supports is complex, lengthy and time-consuming, a high level of communication is not ensured in the conditions of induced electromagnetic fields.

 It is known that fiber-optic cable is used for the installation of overhead power lines, which ensures high maintainability and reliable operation.

 A known method of mounting a fiber optic cable on a high voltage overhead line [RU 2118028, H 02 G 1/02, 08/20/98].

 Fiber optic cable is laid on the ground and pulled up on the mast through the guide rollers along the grounding cable using a special machine for pulling the cable.

 A known method of suspension of an optical cable on the supports of an overhead power line [RU 2115984, H 02 G 1/04, 07/20/98]. The method consists in the suspension of the expansion blocks together with the technological cable, on the supports of the overhead line, spaced at a considerable distance, the subsequent connection of the suspended optical cable to the technological cable and the rolling of the optical cable along the expansion blocks using the technological cable, made in the form of a loop, both ends of which are located on the side of rolling the construction length of the optical cable.

 The disadvantage of this method is that the operation of re-attaching the optical cable is time-consuming, highly qualified specialists are required to perform the work, and it is necessary to manufacture and install two types of supports: supports for the rolling rollers and supports for fixing the optical cable.

 The closest in purpose to the developed method of laying the cable on the supports of the contact network and automatic blocking lines of railways is the method described in the book by E.E. Ass and others M. "Transport", 1988, p. 238.

 The objective of the invention is to develop a simple and economical method of laying fiber optic cable on railways to ensure high quality communications with any settlements in the conditions of induced electromagnetic fields.

 The objective of the invention is solved by placing a fiber optic cable on the supports of the contact network and automatic blocking lines of railways.

 The method consists in the fact that at the first stage, railway supports are diagnosed by their bearing capacity and supports suitable for cable suspension, roll rollers are installed on the brackets for pulling the process cable, while the cable is pulled under tension. After that, the cable is connected to the fiber-optic cable and the fiber-optic cable is pulled through the rolling rollers at a speed of 0.3 - 0.8 m / s with a maximum sag without touching the ground. Next, the fiber-optic cable is anchored to the supports and stretched to a tension force of 5-10% higher than the specified working tension, while the cable tension is held for 5-10 minutes, and supporting clamps are installed on the supports and the fiber-optic cable is transferred from the rollers to supporting clamps.

 The suspension of the fiber optic cable on the supports of the contact network is carried out mainly from the outside of the supports.

 The distance to the surface of the earth in a populated area should be at least 5 m, and to parts under voltage of 6 - 25 kV - at least 0.4 m, to the surface of passenger platforms - at least 4.5 m, to the nearest parts of buildings horizontal - at least 1.5 m.

 The distance from the fiber optic cable to the cable must be at least 1 m.

 On the self-locking support, the suspension of the fiber-optic cable should be carried out mainly below the high-voltage wires, while the distance from the bottom of the fiber-optic cable to the ground should be at least 5 m in an unpopulated area, and at least 6 m in a populated area, at intersections with railways not less than 7.5 m

 The diagnostics of the supports are determined on the basis of determining the actual bearing capacity (Instructions for the maintenance and repair of the supporting structures of the contact network, N K-146-96 of 01/14/96).

Based on the diagnostic results, all supports are divided into three groups:
supports on which cable suspension is possible without restrictions, i.e. supports whose bearing capacity is not lower than the values established by the project or the standard for supports;
supports whose bearing capacity is reduced by no more than 10% (cable suspension is possible);
supports that have completely exhausted the margin of safety, on which the cable suspension is not allowed as a result of their defectiveness.

 Brackets are mounted on supports suitable for accommodating a fiber optic cable.

 The cable is pulled along the expansion rollers pre-mounted on the brackets under tension. After docking the cable with the fiber-optic cable, they begin to slowly pull the cable smoothly with minimal traction. In this case, the fiber-optic cable in the spans between the supports should have a maximum sag without touching the ground. After rolling the cable through the rolling rollers, it is anchored on the supports using spiral tension clamps, which are attached to the anchor parts of the supports, and the cable is pulled.

 The maximum tension of the fiber optic cable during installation is determined on the basis of ensuring the stability of the optical properties of the cable and is 5-8 kilonewtons.

 The inventive step consists in the totality of technological operations, the use of part of the supports after diagnostics, fixing of the rolling rollers on those supports on which the cable can be fixed.

 The creation of a reliable communication network is ensured by a certain sequence of mounting the optical cable on the supports and a certain speed of its extension through the rolling rollers.

Example
Determine the suitability of the supports for the suspension of fiber optic cable (hereinafter FOCA). The bearing capacity of reinforced concrete supports should be at least 45 kNm.

 Install brackets on supports at predetermined elevations using clamps. After that, the rolling rollers are hung on the brackets. Allocate anchor sections under the wok suspension 4.0 km long.

 A cable is pulled through a winch with an adjustable tension force through pre-installed rolling rollers. After the cable is pulled, it is fixed on the extreme supports of the anchor section in a stretched position.

 With the help of the cable clamp "wok" stocking (located in the drum on a cargo trailer), the cable is docked with the cable. During docking, make sure that the cable is in a taut state. On the other hand, the anchor section of the cable is connected to the traction machine (winch).

 Next, a smooth wok is drawn through the rolling rollers at a speed of 0.4 m / s. At the same time, the drum from which the wok rolls out is braked so that the necessary maximum wok sag in the spans is achieved without touching.

 After drawing the wok from its end, the technological stock is unwound at the winch drum. At the end of the technological stock, a spiral clamp is installed and the wok is anchored to the support. The technological stock is wound and fixed on a support. The technological process is repeated at all anchoring sites.

 A support clip is mounted on each support suitable for hanging a wok. The wok is removed from the rolling rollers and transferred to the supporting clip. After the process of placing fiber optic cable of the DA - 191193/28 brand on the supports is completed, it is pulled, while the tension force is 6.6 kN.

 Control of the tension force is carried out by a dynamometer. In the state of tension, 5-10% higher than required (set according to the installation tables in accordance with the brand of cable), the fiber optic cable can withstand 5-10 minutes.

The use of contact network supports and railway self-locking allows
significantly reduce the time and cost of construction of fiber-optic communication lines (as opposed to the method of laying the cable in the ground),
widely use mechanized suspension methods,
ensure the safety of communication lines,
provide quick recovery in the event of an accident,
ensure reliable operation of communication networks.

Claims (1)

 The method of cable suspension on the supports of the contact network and railway self-locking lines, which consists in rolling the cable and then securing the cable to the supports, characterized in that fiber-optic cable is placed on the railway supports, and at the first stage, the supports are diagnosed by their bearing capacity and choose supports suitable for placement of a fiber-optic cable, after which brackets are mounted on the selected supports on which the rolling rollers are fixed, through which, under tension, they pull the technological cable, connect it to the fiber-optic cable, which is pulled through the rolling rollers with a cable at a speed of 0.3 - 0.8 m / s without tension with a maximum sag between the supports without touching the ground, anchor the cable to the supports, cable they are tensioned with a tension force of 5-10% higher than the established working tension, and the cable is held for 5-10 minutes, after that support clamps are installed on the supports and the cable is moved from the rolling rollers to the clamps.