RU2146649C1 - Stock for preparing carbons - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sorption engineering, more particularly preparation of carbons. SUBSTANCE: stock comprises carbon-containing particles. Carbon-containing particles include wood plate waste, e.g. grinding dust or granules therefrom, wood fiber, mixture of grinding dust and wood fiber and also mixture of grinding dust resulting from production of wood with additives of wood fiber and/or crushed wood treatment waste. Method allows one to make cheaper carbon preparation process, to obtain homogeneous carbon structure and to improve ecology of environment using toxic wood plate production waste. EFFECT: improved quality of stock for preparation of carbons. 6 cl, 5 ex, 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of sorption technology and can be used in the manufacture of coal.

 Known raw materials for coal - solid wood. (Vyrodov V.A. et al. Technology of forest chemical production, M .: Forest industry, 1987, p. 310).

 The disadvantages of the known raw materials are its high cost, high requirements for the breed composition. High-quality coals were obtained mainly from hardwood raw materials, which are scarce.

Known lignin-containing raw materials for the production of activated carbon (AS USSR N 1279959, class C 01 B 31/08, 1986). To obtain activated carbon, this raw material is dried, heated at a speed of 1000-3000 ^o C / min to 500-700 ^o C, subjected to carbonization, cooled coal, then activated in a mixture of water vapor and flue gases at 800-900 ^o C.

 The disadvantages of using lignin-containing raw materials are the high heat and energy intensity of the process of obtaining activated carbon from it.

Also known raw materials for the production of activated carbon - lignin (RF Patent N 2031836, CL C 01 B 31/08, 1992 - prototype). To obtain activated carbon, lignin with a moisture content of 65% is dried to a moisture content of 20-25%, briquetted, the briquettes are carbonized at a temperature of 400-500 ^o C, then the carbonized product is activated without cooling at 850-900 ^o C for 55-60 minutes As an activator, superheated water vapor is used. The resulting coal is scattered into fractions, each of which is a separate grade.

 The disadvantages of using lignin as a raw material for the production of activated carbon are the high heat and energy intensity of the process of producing activated carbon, due to the high humidity of the product. It should be noted that lignin-containing raw materials are characterized by an increased size dispersion (from 1 μm to several cm), which creates uneven characteristics in the material after drying and briquetting. The material destroyed during the carbonization process is also heterogeneous, which follows from the fact that granular and powdery coals are obtained from it after activation and sieving. Accordingly, the influence of the same conditions on particles of different sizes cannot but adversely affect the properties of the final products and the efficiency of carbonization and activation processes.

 The purpose of the invention: the expansion of the raw material base; simplification of coal production technology; reduction of heat and energy consumption in obtaining coal; cheapening the process of obtaining coal; ensuring uniformity of the coal structure; improving the environment through the use of toxic waste from the production of wood-based panels; the exclusion of the economic costs of the slab industry to pay fines for the export of environmentally hazardous waste to a landfill.

 This goal is achieved in that in the raw materials for the manufacture of coal, including carbon-containing particles, the production of wood boards is used as carbon-containing particles, for example, grinding dust or granules from it, wood fiber, a mixture of grinding dust and wood fiber, as well as a mixture of grinding dust from wood production boards with the addition of wood fiber and / or shredded wood waste.

The invention has the following differences from the prototype:
- Waste from the production of wood-based panels was used as carbon-containing particles;
- as a waste from the production of wood-based panels used grinding dust or granules from it;
- wood fiber was used as a waste from the production of wood-based panels;
- a mixture of grinding dust and wood fiber was used as waste from the production of wood-based panels;
- grinding dust with the addition of wood fiber and / or ground woodworking waste was used as a waste from the production of wood-based panels.

 This will expand the resource base; simplify the technology of coal production; reduce heat and energy consumption in coal production; reduce the cost of coal production; ensure uniformity of the coal structure; improve the environment through the use of toxic waste from the production of wood-based panels; exclude the economic costs of the slab industry enterprises to pay fines for the export of environmentally hazardous waste to a landfill.

 In the patent information fund we reviewed, no similar technical solutions, as well as solutions with the indicated distinguishing features, were found.

 The invention is applicable and will be used at industry enterprises in 1998-1999.

 Raw materials from the production of wood-based panels were used as follows.

 Example 1

Grinding dust - waste from the production of wood-based panels, having particle sizes from 50 microns to 1 mm and a moisture content of 3-5%, was subjected to carbonization in a special experimental installation of periodic action in a nitrogen medium to bring the final temperature to 650 ^o C, and then activation in the medium superheated steam at a temperature of 800 ^o C to a degree of burn of 50%.

 Example 2

The granules obtained by grinding dust pressing, a waste product of wood-based panels, had a diameter of about 14 mm, a length of about 15 mm and a moisture content of 6-8%. The granules were heated at a temperature of 20 ^° C / min to 700 ^° C and subjected to carbonization in nitrogen in a muffle-type rotary kiln at 700 ^° C. The carbonized product was activated at a temperature of 850 ^° C for 55 minutes in a medium of superheated water vapor and carbon dioxide ( ratio 1: 1) to a degree of burning of 50%. The resulting product was cooled and dispersed into fractions. The resulting fractions of coal corresponded to the standards for granular and powdered activated carbons.

 Example 3

 The example was carried out as in example 1, in this case, instead of grinding dust, wood fiber-waste from the production of wood boards was used (for example, shredded scraps of boards that occur during format cutting of wood boards).

 Example 4

 The example was carried out as in example 1, while instead of grinding dust from the production of wood boards, a mixture of the specified dust from grinding and wood fiber was used, for example, in equal proportions. The mixture was stirred, kept in a container to even out moisture. The moisture content of the mixture was 9.5%. It should be noted that the ratio is approximately given since in fact, fiber wastes at enterprises constitute a minuscule proportion with respect to the amount of grinding dust generated in the production of slabs, but nevertheless there is a situation where these wastes can be added to grinding dust from the production of wood slabs.

 Example 5

 The example was carried out as in example 1, while instead of grinding dust from the production of wood boards, a mixture of the specified grinding dust, wood fiber and shredded woodworking waste (sawdust, chips from machine tools, etc.) was used, for example, in equal proportions. The mixture was stirred, kept in a container to even out moisture. The moisture content of the mixture was 9.5%. It should be noted that the ratio is approximately given since in fact, fiber wastes, as well as wood processing wastes at the enterprises, make up a tiny fraction of the amount of grinding dust generated in the production of slabs, but nevertheless there is a situation where these wastes can be added to grinding dust from the production of wood slabs.

 The experimental results, namely the indicators of the obtained carbons as a result of the combination, are presented in table 1, and the indicators of active carbons are presented in table 2.

The invention will allow:
- expand the raw material base, as as carbon-containing particles used wastes from the production of wood-based panels;
- simplify the technology of coal production, as due to the low humidity of the feedstock, there is no operation of drying the feedstock, as well as grinding the coal to a powder degree when obtaining powdered activated carbon, since the grinding dust is crushed to a state of powder in the main production, and the fiber turns into powder in the stage of carbonization of waste products from wood-based panels;
- reduce heat and energy consumption in obtaining coal due to the exclusion of drying and grinding operations, as well as due to the fact that the carbonization of the claimed raw materials does not require heat, since it occurs due to the exothermic reaction of wood particles. The heat cost savings per 100 kg of absolutely dry material in the compared options is approximately 76500 kcal;
- reduce the cost of the process of obtaining coal by simplifying the technology for producing coal and reducing heat and energy costs for the process;
- improve the environment through the use of toxic waste from the production of wood-based panels, since grinding dust and fiber-based waste from the production of wood-based panels contain incompletely cured binder and their storage poses an environmental hazard;
- to ensure uniformity of the structure of coal, because due to the greater dispersion of the waste from wood boards compared with lignin, the secondary structure of the coals of their waste from the production of wood boards is more porous than that from lignin coals;
- exclude the economic costs of the enterprises of the slab industry to pay fines for the export of environmentally hazardous waste to landfill.

 The invention allows to turn environmentally hazardous toxic waste from the production of wood-based panels into sorbents, i.e. in funds that are designed to improve the environment in many other areas of industry.

Claims (5)

 1. Raw materials for the manufacture of coal, including carbon-containing particles, characterized in that as the carbon-containing particles used wastes from the production of wood-based panels.  2. Raw materials for the manufacture of coal according to claim 1, characterized in that the grinding dust or granules from it are used as a waste from the production of wood boards.  3. The raw materials for the manufacture of coal according to claim 1, characterized in that wood fiber is used as a waste from the production of wood boards.  4. Raw materials for the manufacture of coal according to claims 1-3, characterized in that a mixture of grinding dust and wood fiber is used as waste from the production of wood boards.  5. Raw materials for the production of coal according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that grinding dust with the addition of wood fiber and / or ground wood processing waste was used as a waste from the production of wood boards.

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