CN118145905A - Coal-based solid waste light high-strength aggregate and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Coal-based solid waste light high-strength aggregate and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate, and a preparation method and application thereof. The coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate is mainly prepared by adopting raw materials of coal gangue blending entrained flow coal gasification ash slag, and through the procedures of drying, crushing, sieving, blending, balling, sintering and the like. The coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate provided by the invention utilizes the characteristics that coal gasification ash is amorphous and has low viscosity at high temperature, and carbon in coal gangue and carbon residue in gasification ash can emit heat after high temperature, and the lightweight high-strength aggregate is prepared by sintering, has the advantages of simple technical process, low production cost, low energy consumption and high economic benefit, and can be applied to a plurality of fields of building industry, petrochemical industry and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to coal-based solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a method for preparing high-strength light ceramsite by co-treatment of coal gangue and entrained-flow bed coal gasification ash slag and application thereof.
Background
The building materials with the highest usage amount in the field of building material industry at present are sandstone aggregate, including natural cobble, natural sand, machine-made sand, ceramsite lightweight aggregate and the like. Wherein, natural stones and natural sand are mainly extracted from natural sand and stone mines, which brings great pressure to local ecological protection. Thus, the development of alternative building materials is a consensus for the development of the building industry.
Gangue is solid waste produced in the coal mining and coal washing processes, and is mainly piled up at present. The coal gangue is piled up to cause a series of problems such as land occupation, harmful gas release, farmland and water pollution, etc., and meanwhile, the pile-up of the gangue is easy to cause spontaneous combustion, or cause disasters such as debris flow in rainy season. The accumulation of the coal gangue in China reaches over 70 hundred million tons at present, the exploitation of coal resources in China reaches 45.6 hundred million tons in 2022, the production of the coal gangue accounts for 10-15% of the total amount of the coal resources, and the utilization rate of the coal gangue only reaches 73.2%. Therefore, development of a large-scale digestion and resource utilization technology of the coal gangue is urgently needed.
At present, researchers at home and abroad have developed various gangue building materials, such as various gangue bricks, gangue concrete, gangue ceramsite and the like.
Chinese patent CN 105174834a discloses a gangue lightweight aggregate concrete, which is made by mixing water, cement, gangue aggregate, gangue sand, water reducing agent and silica fume, wherein the gangue aggregate is a gangue large-particle component, and the gangue sand is a prepared gangue small-particle component. The gangue lightweight aggregate concrete provided by the method has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, heat preservation, fire resistance and the like, and is good in deformation performance and low in elastic modulus. The method mainly uses the gangue as the additive of the building material, on one hand, the consumed gangue is limited, and on the other hand, the lightweight aggregate concrete product is only suitable for the municipal and building construction fields with lower requirements on material performance and strength, such as road pavement.
Chinese patent CN 110104979B discloses a method for preparing gangue lightweight aggregate by tape sintering, comprising the following steps: crushing: crushing the massive gangue to 8mm to obtain crushed gangue; mixing: fully mixing crushed gangue with a composite additive, fuel and water to obtain uniformly mixed ore; granulating: making the uniformly mixed ore into pellets in a cylindrical pelletizer; sintering: distributing, igniting, exhausting sintering and exhausting cooling the raw material pellets in a belt type exhausting sintering machine to obtain a sintered material; crushing and classifying: crushing and screening the sintered material to obtain the lightweight aggregate. The gangue lightweight aggregate prepared by the invention can strengthen the pelletization performance of the mixture and improve the air permeability of the mixture, but has the defect that 5-15% of composite additive (comprising 30-50% of sodium humate, 10-20% of magnetite, 10-30% of limestone and the balance of quicklime) and 3-4% of fuel are needed to be added.
Chinese patent CN 116177990a discloses a method and system for producing ceramsite lightweight aggregate by combining gangue with gypsum slag. The method comprises the following steps: mixing 80-100 parts of gangue, 5-150 parts of gypsum slag, 1-20 parts of carbon-containing raw materials and 1-5 parts of binder ingredients to obtain a mixed material; dry grinding to obtain mixed raw material; adding water into the mixed raw materials for pelletizing, crushing and screening to obtain green pellets with preset particle size; aging treatment; loading the green pellets after ageing treatment into roasting equipment, introducing combustion-supporting gas formed by mixing hot air and oxygen after cooling the ceramsite, roasting in an oxygen-enriched combustion mode, and cooling the ceramsite to obtain ceramsite lightweight aggregate; and collecting sulfur-containing flue gas generated in the roasting process to prepare concentrated sulfuric acid. The method can cooperatively treat various solid wastes and prepare the ceramsite lightweight aggregate at the same time, but has the defects that 1-20 parts of carbon-containing raw materials and 1-5 parts of binder ingredients are needed to be added, the raw materials and the pretreatment cost are increased, the roasting temperature is higher in an oxygen-enriched combustion mode, and the cylinder pressure intensity of the prepared ceramsite product is lower and is only 1.2-5.5 MPa.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the inventor provides a coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate prepared by blending coal gangue with entrained-flow bed coal gasification ash. The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme.
The invention provides a coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate, which is a granular product with bulk density of 900kg/m 3～1100kg/m3, water absorption of 6-10% and random single-particle compressive strength of 8-20MPa, and is prepared by granulating and sintering after 60-90 wt% of coal gangue and 10-40 wt% of coal gasification ash slag with certain granularity are uniformly mixed.
Further, the coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate comprises the following main chemical components in percentage by mass: 35 to 65 percent of SiO 2, 22 to 40 percent of Al 2O3, 2 to 8 percent of Fe 2O3, 0.92 to 8 percent of CaO, 0.5 to 1.84 percent of MgO, 0.9 to 2.27 percent of K 2 O and 0 to 1.51 percent of Na 2 O. .
The preparation method of the coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate comprises the following steps:
1) Drying, crushing, grinding and sieving coal gangue and coal gasification ash respectively;
2) The treated gangue and coal gasification ash slag obtained in the step 1) are mixed according to the mass portion ratio of 60-90: mixing uniformly 10-40 to obtain a mixed material;
3) Granulating the mixed material in a disc granulator, and controlling the water spraying amount, the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the disc granulator in the granulating process to control the particle size of discharged raw materials to be 3-9 mm;
4) And (3) placing the raw material obtained in the step (3) into a high-temperature furnace, preheating, sintering at high temperature, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the light high-strength aggregate.
In step 1), the granularity of the gangue and coal gasification ash is below 80 meshes.
Further, in the step 3), the inclination angle of the disc granulator is 30-60 degrees, the rotating speed is 30-50r/min, and the optimal rotating speed is adjusted according to the actual balling condition, so that the success rate of granulation is improved to more than 90%.
Further, in the step 4), the obtained raw material balls are placed in a high-temperature furnace for preheating and high-temperature sintering, wherein the temperature in the high-temperature furnace is increased to 200 ℃ for preheating for 3-5min within 30-40min, then the raw material balls are increased to 1000-1200 ℃ for 100-180 min and kept for 20-30min, and then the raw material balls are cooled to room temperature at a speed of 5 ℃/min, so that the light high-strength aggregate is obtained.
Optionally, the raw material obtained in the step 3) is dried and/or naturally cured before being placed in the high-temperature furnace in the step 4).
The coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate can be used as a sand stone substitute material to be applied to the field of building materials. Meanwhile, the coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate provided by the invention has higher strength, rich pores, larger specific surface area and proper water absorption, so that the coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate can be used as an adsorption material in the field of wastewater treatment.
Compared with the existing preparation method of products such as gangue lightweight aggregate, e.g. gangue ceramsite, the method provided by the invention has the following obvious technical progress.
Firstly, the coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate provided by the invention takes coal gangue and coal gasification ash as raw materials, and both are rich in SiO 2 and Al 2O3 which are required for preparing building aggregate materials. Meanwhile, the coal gasification ash has certain cohesiveness, and a certain amount of fluxing components, namely calcium oxide and ferric oxide, are also contained in the coal gasification ash, so that the preparation process of the coal-based lightweight aggregate does not need to add binder ingredients, the ash melting point of the mixture is reduced in the sintering process, the sintering process can be completed under the condition of lower temperature, and the energy consumption of the product is reduced; and the mass ratio of the gangue to the gasified ash is 60-90: 10-40, can accelerate the liquid phase generation in the sintering process and reduce open pores, thereby increasing the strength of the lightweight aggregate.
And secondly, the coal-based solid waste light high-strength aggregate provided by the invention takes the gangue and the coal gasification ash as raw materials, and the gangue and the carbon residue in the coal gasification ash are used for providing heat for the preparation process of the product without adding fuel, so that the fuel is saved, and meanwhile, the production cost of the product is reduced.
In the preparation method, the utilization rate of solid waste is 100%, and the light high-strength aggregate product is prepared by effectively coupling the two types of solid waste, namely the gangue and the coal gasification ash slag according to a certain proportion, and the preparation process of the product is simple and easy to operate, and the sintering temperature is low, so that the preparation method is easy to be applied to industrial mass production. In addition, the light high-strength aggregate has the solid waste utilization rate reaching 100 percent, and has important significance for improving the utilization of coal-based solid waste resources, developing recycling economy, saving industrial resources such as fuel, binder and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are provided to illustrate the present invention but not to limit the scope of the present invention, in order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible.
In the following examples of the present invention, coal gangue A, B, C was sampled from coal mine a, coal mine B and coal mine C in three different regions of shanxi respectively, gasified slag a was taken from coal water slurry entrained flow gasifier of some coal chemical industry company in shanxi, gasified slag B was sampled from entrained flow gasifier of some company in another region of shanxi, and the sample composition and property analysis results are shown in tables 1 and 2 respectively.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3 Table 3
[ Example 1]
The coal-based solid waste light high-strength aggregate is prepared by taking two solid wastes of coal gangue A and gasified ash B as raw materials, and the preparation process is as follows:
(1) Crushing and grinding coal gangue A and gasified ash B respectively, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, taking undersize, and then mixing the coal gangue A and the gasified ash B according to the mass ratio of 7:3, uniformly mixing.
(2) And (3) placing the mixed material in the step (1) into a disc granulator, and spraying a proper amount of water for granulation according to actual conditions in the rotating process to obtain raw material balls.
(3) And (2) the inclination angle of the disc granulator is 30-60 degrees, the rotating speed is 40r/min, the speed is slightly adjusted according to the actual granulating condition, and raw material balls are controlled to be 3-9 mm, so that the material can be discharged.
(4) Placing the green pellets obtained in the step (3) into a high-temperature furnace, preheating the green pellets from room temperature to 200 ℃ for 36min, heating the green pellets to 1100 ℃ for 113min, keeping the green pellets at the 1100 ℃ for 20min, and cooling the green pellets to room temperature at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/min to obtain the coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate.
The coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate sample prepared in the embodiment is subjected to performance test according to the industry standard GBT17431-2010 lightweight aggregate and test method thereof. The method comprises the steps of testing the compressive strength of single particles of a sample by adopting a HYD-500KG single-column computer press, randomly testing the sampling strength of single particles of prepared coal-based solid waste light high-strength aggregate at a test speed of 500mm/min, and then calculating the compressive strength of single particles of the sample according to a formula (1):
P＝2.8Pc/(πR2) (1)
Wherein, P: single particle compressive strength (MPa); r: distance (mm) between top and bottom rams of the press; pc: breaking load (N) of single particles.
The test results are shown in Table 3.
[ Example 2]
The coal-based solid waste light high-strength aggregate is prepared by taking two solid wastes of coal gangue A and gasified ash B as raw materials, and the preparation process is as follows:
(1) Crushing and grinding the gangue A and the gasified ash B respectively, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, taking undersize, and then mixing the gangue A and the gasified ash B according to the mass ratio of 6:4, uniformly mixing.
(2) And (3) placing the mixed material in the step (1) in a disc granulator, and spraying a proper amount of water according to actual conditions in the rotating process to form ceramsite granules.
(3) And (2) the inclined angle of the disc granulator is 30-60 degrees, the rotating speed is 40r/min, the rotation speed is slightly adjusted according to the actual granulating condition, and the ceramsite raw material balls are controlled to be 3-9 mm, so that the material can be discharged.
(4) And (3) placing the ceramsite green pellets obtained in the step (3) in a high-temperature furnace, preheating the ceramsite green pellets from room temperature to 200 ℃ for 36min, heating the ceramsite green pellets to 1050 ℃ for 107min, keeping the ceramsite green pellets at the 1050 ℃ for 20min, and cooling the ceramsite green pellets to room temperature at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/min to obtain the coal-based solid waste light-weight high-strength aggregate.
The coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate sample prepared in the embodiment is subjected to performance test according to the industry standard GBT17431-2010 lightweight aggregate and test method thereof. Wherein, the test conditions and calculation method of the single particle compressive strength of the sample are the same as those of example 1. The test results are shown in Table 3.
[ Example 3]
The coal-based solid waste light high-strength aggregate is prepared by taking two solid wastes of coal gangue B and gasified ash A as raw materials, and the preparation process is specifically as follows:
(1) Mixing the ground and sieved coal gangue B with gasified ash A according to the mass ratio of 6:4, uniformly mixing.
(2) And (3) placing the mixed material in the step (1) in a disc granulator, and spraying a proper amount of water according to actual conditions in the rotating process to form ceramsite granules.
(3) And (2) the inclined angle of the disc granulator is 30-60 degrees, the rotating speed is 40r/min, the rotation speed is slightly adjusted according to the actual granulating condition, and the ceramsite raw material balls are controlled to be 3-9 mm, so that the material can be discharged.
(4) And (3) placing the ceramsite green pellets obtained in the step (3) in a high-temperature furnace, preheating the ceramsite green pellets from room temperature to 200 ℃ for 36min, heating the ceramsite green pellets to 1100 ℃ for 113min, and maintaining the temperature at 1100 ℃ for 20min and then sintering the ceramsite green pellets to obtain the coal-based solid waste light high-strength aggregate.
The coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate sample prepared in example 1 was subjected to performance testing according to industry standard GBT17431-2010 lightweight aggregate and test method thereof. Wherein, the test conditions and calculation method of the single particle compressive strength of the sample are the same as those of example 1. The test results are shown in Table 3.
[ Example 4]
The coal gangue C and the gasified ash B are used as raw materials to prepare the coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate, and the preparation process is specifically as follows:
(1) Mixing the ground and sieved coal gangue C and gasified ash B according to the mass ratio of 6:4, uniformly mixing.
(2) And (3) placing the mixed material in the step (1) in a disc granulator, and spraying a proper amount of water according to actual conditions in the rotating process to form ceramsite granules.
(3) And (2) the inclined angle of the disc granulator is 30-60 degrees, the rotating speed is 40r/min, the rotation speed is slightly adjusted according to the actual granulating condition, and the ceramsite raw material balls are controlled to be 3-9 mm, so that the material can be discharged.
(4) And (3) placing the ceramsite green pellets obtained in the step (3) in a high-temperature furnace, preheating the ceramsite green pellets from room temperature to 200 ℃ for 36min, heating the ceramsite green pellets to 1150 ℃ for 119min, and maintaining the temperature at 1150 ℃ for 20min and then sintering the ceramsite green pellets to obtain the coal-based solid waste light high-strength aggregate.
The coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate sample prepared in example 1 was subjected to performance testing according to industry standard GBT17431-2010 lightweight aggregate and test method thereof. Wherein, the test conditions and calculation method of the single particle compressive strength of the sample are the same as those of example 1. The test results are shown in Table 3.
[ Example 5]
The coal gangue C and the gasified ash B are used as raw materials to prepare the coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate, and the preparation process is specifically as follows:
(1) Mixing the ground and sieved coal gangue C and coal gasification ash B according to the mass ratio of 7:3, uniformly mixing.
(2) And (3) placing the mixed material in the step (1) in a disc granulator, and spraying a proper amount of water according to actual conditions in the rotating process to form ceramsite granules.
(3) And (2) the inclined angle of the disc granulator is 30-60 degrees, the rotating speed is 40r/min, the rotation speed is slightly adjusted according to the actual granulating condition, and the ceramsite raw material balls are controlled to be 3-9 mm, so that the material can be discharged.
(4) And (3) placing the ceramsite green pellets obtained in the step (3) in a high-temperature furnace, preheating the ceramsite green pellets from room temperature to 200 ℃ for 36min, heating the ceramsite green pellets to 1150 ℃ for 119min, and maintaining the temperature at 1150 ℃ for 20min and then sintering the ceramsite green pellets to obtain the coal-based solid waste light high-strength aggregate.
The coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate sample prepared in example 1 was subjected to performance testing according to industry standard GBT17431-2010 lightweight aggregate and test method thereof. Wherein, the test conditions and calculation method of the single particle compressive strength of the sample are the same as those of example 1. The test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
From the test data of examples 1 to 5, it can be seen that the coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate provided by the invention has the bulk density of 853.22kg/m 3～945.49kg/m3, and the random single-particle compressive strength of the sample is 8.53MPa-17.62MPa, meets the requirements of high-quality concrete aggregate, and can be used as a cement additive, concrete lightweight aggregate, heat-insulating material, refractory material and shockproof material in the field of building industry. Meanwhile, the apparent density of the coal-based solid waste light high-strength aggregate is 1564.01kg/m 3～1950.20kg/m3, the water absorption rate is 6.35% -9.44%, and the aggregate has rich pores, larger specific surface area and proper water absorption rate, so that the aggregate can be used as a filler, a filter material, an adsorbent and a water purifying agent in the petrochemical field.
In the above embodiments, the following description is given of the embodiments: 1) The mixing material prepared by the gangue and the coal gasification ash is not limited by a sample mixing instrument and a mode, and can be uniformly mixed; 2) In the preparation process of the coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate, the water consumption for forming the granules of the ceramsite is not explicitly required, and the water consumption can be added according to the common sense of a person skilled in the art during actual industrial preparation and can be normally granulated; 3) In the process of pelletizing of the ceramic granules by a disc pelletizer, the disc inclination angle of the pelletizer is preferably 30-60 degrees, the rotating speed is 40r/min, but the rotating speed is required to be adjusted according to the actual pelletizing condition, so that the pelletizing success rate is improved to be more than 90%; 4) There is no specific requirement for subsequent drying treatment or natural curing of the ceramic granules and pellets, and the following drying treatment or natural curing is considered as appropriate according to the common sense of a person skilled in the art in actual industrial application.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, but any simple modification, equivalent variation or improvement based on the technical solution of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The coal-based solid waste light high-strength aggregate is characterized by comprising coal gangue and coal gasification ash slag with certain granularity, wherein the coal-based solid waste light high-strength aggregate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: coal gasification ash = 60-90: 10-40, and granulating and sintering to obtain a granular product; the bulk density of the granular product is 900kg/m 3～1100kg/m3, the water absorption is 8-10%, and the random single-particle compressive strength is 8-20MPa.
2. The coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass percentages of the main chemical components in the mixed material are: 35 to 65 percent of SiO 2, 22 to 40 percent of Al 2O3, 2 to 8 percent of Fe 2O3, 0.92 to 8 percent of CaO, 0.5 to 1.84 percent of MgO, 0.9 to 2.27 percent of K 2 O and 0 to 1.51 percent of Na 2 O.
3. The method for preparing the coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the following steps:
1) Drying, crushing, grinding and sieving coal gangue and coal gasification ash respectively;
2) The treated gangue and coal gasification ash slag obtained in the step 1) are mixed according to the mass portion ratio of 60-90: mixing uniformly 10-40 to obtain a mixed material;
3) Granulating the mixed material in a disc granulator, and controlling the water spraying amount, the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the disc granulator in the granulating process to control the particle size of discharged raw materials to be 3-9 mm;
4) And (3) placing the raw material obtained in the step (3) into a high-temperature furnace, preheating, high-temperature sintering, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step 1), the particle size of the gangue and the gasified ash is 80 mesh or less.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step 3), the disc granulator has an inclination angle of 30 to 60 ° and a rotation speed of 10 to 50r/min.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step 4), the obtained raw pellets are preheated in a high temperature furnace for 30-40min, the temperature in the high temperature furnace is raised to 200 ℃ for preheating for 3-5min, then raised to 1000-1200 ℃ for 100-180 min and maintained for 20-30min, and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 5 ℃/min, so as to obtain the lightweight high-strength aggregate.
7. The process according to claim 3, wherein the raw meal obtained in step 3) is subjected to a drying treatment and/or a natural curing treatment before being placed in the high-temperature furnace as described in step 4).
8. A coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate as claimed in claim 1 or 2 applied to the field of construction industry as a sand substitute material.
9. A coal-based solid waste lightweight high-strength aggregate as claimed in claim 1 or 2 applied to the field of wastewater treatment as an adsorption material.
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