CN116803944A - Concrete solid brick prepared by detoxication of waste incineration fly ash and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Concrete solid brick prepared by detoxication of waste incineration fly ash and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007233 catalytic pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 33
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012633 leachable Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011456 concrete brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002364 soil amendment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/08—Slag cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a concrete solid brick prepared by detoxication of waste incineration fly ash and a preparation method thereof, wherein the concrete solid brick comprises the following solid raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-25% of detoxified fly ash, 25-40% of mineral powder and 50% of cement. The invention takes detoxified fly ash, mineral powder and cement as raw materials to prepare the concrete solid brick, solidifies heavy metals in the fly ash, reduces the content of toxic and harmful substances in the fly ash through water washing treatment, achieves the purpose of harmless treatment of the fly ash, and realizes the recycling utilization of incineration fly ash. The invention not only treats life dangerous waste, but also realizes the reutilization of solid waste, and has remarkable social and economic values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource utilization of dangerous solid waste building materials, in particular to a concrete solid brick prepared by detoxifying fly ash from incineration of household garbage and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The main components of the waste incineration fly ash are similar to the cement mixture of fly ash, slag and the like, and belong to CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 (Fe 2 O 3 ) The system has a certain volcanic ash activity, and can be used as a cement admixture for comprehensive utilization, thereby realizing the recycling of fly ash. However, the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash generally contains a large amount of chlorine salt, heavy metal, trace amount of persistent organic pollutants such as dioxin and furan, and if the persistent organic pollutants cannot be properly treated, secondary pollution is caused, and the recycling of the incineration fly ash after detoxification treatment is an important mode of harmless treatment of the fly ash so as to reduce the environmental pollution risk in the resource utilization process.
The treatment process and method for detoxication of the waste incineration fly ash mainly comprise solidification/stabilization (S/S), separation and leaching and heat treatment. The way of recycling the fly ash after detoxification treatment is mainly divided into 4 major types of 9 ways: building materials (cement products, concrete, ceramics, glass-ceramics), geotechnical materials (roadbed materials, embankments), agriculture (soil amendments), etc. The application of the waste incineration fly ash to the concrete is an important way for recycling the waste incineration fly ash in the aspect of building materials, and the waste incineration fly ash can replace part of concrete admixture, so that natural resources are saved, the harm of the fly ash to the environment is reduced, and the harmless recycling of the fly ash is truly realized.
At present, many scholars at home and abroad concentrate on research and experiments for preparing concrete by using fly ash, and the like, detoxified fly ash is added into mineral aggregate and ordinary Portland cement to prepare roadbed test blocks, and the result shows that the leaching concentration of Cr, ni, zn, cd, mn, pb is lower than the leaching limit value of dangerous waste identification standard (GB 5085.3-2007), but the addition amount of the fly ash is limited to be only 4% at most.
Studies by Hamernik, frantz and the like show that when fly ash is used as an auxiliary cementing material to replace part of cement to be mixed into concrete, the compressive strength of the concrete can be improved, and when the replacement amount is 15% of the cement dosage, the concrete performance is the best, but the influence of the fly ash on the use environment safety is not considered in the test. When the fly ash is recycled, the fly ash disposal capacity is limited.
The main reason for limited resource utilization of the waste incineration fly ash is that the generated product must be nontoxic or within the allowed range of the environment, and the environment is not influenced, so that the fly ash can be really reused. Although there is a great deal of research, the utilization of waste incineration fly ash for concrete is limited, and the leaching amount of heavy metals is seriously out of standard when the blending amount is large (more than 30%) due to the characteristics and toxicity of fly ash.
How to utilize fly ash is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a concrete solid brick prepared by detoxication of waste incineration fly ash comprises the following solid raw materials in percentage by mass:
detoxication fly ash 10-25%
25-40% of ore powder
Cement 50%.
The solid raw materials in the concrete solid brick comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
detoxified fly ash 10%
40% of ore powder
Cement 50%.
The solid raw materials in the concrete solid brick comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
detoxified fly ash 15%
35% of ore powder
Cement 50%.
The solid raw materials in the concrete solid brick comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
detoxified fly ash 25%
Ore powder 25%
Cement 50%.
The cement is ordinary silicate cement, slag silicate cement or silicate cement with the grade of more than 42.5.
A preparation method of a concrete solid brick prepared by detoxication of waste incineration fly ash comprises the following steps:
(1) Carrying out solid-phase catalytic pyrolysis on the waste incineration fly ash; then, the fly ash is subjected to water washing treatment by using a countercurrent rinsing process to obtain detoxified fly ash;
(2) Drying detoxified fly ash in a blast drying oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours;
(3) Grinding the dried detoxified fly ash by using a ball mill, crushing and grinding the detoxified fly ash by using the ball mill for 1-2 hours, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 50-80r/min; taking out and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain detoxified fly ash with the same particle size;
(4) The detoxified fly ash with the same particle diameter in the step (3) is uniformly mixed with other raw materials to form powder; adding water, stirring for 3-5 min by using a rubber sand stirrer, and pouring into a forming die;
(5) Transferring the mortar in the forming die in the step (4) into brick pressing equipment, setting the rotating speed of a distributing device to be 200r/min, forming and vibrating the mortar under the vibration effect of 3500 times/min frequency, and then curing and forming to obtain the concrete solid brick.
In the step (4), other raw materials are cement and S95 grade mineral powder.
In the step (5), the curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20-40 ℃ and the humidity is 70-90%, the brick body is manufactured by curing for 1d, then opening the mould, and curing for 27d under the conditions after opening the mould.
In operation, the invention cures harmful substances in the detoxified fly ash by the synergistic effect between the detoxified fly ash and mineral powder based on the ideas of harmless, reduction and recycling of solid waste, overcomes the defect of recycling resources, realizes the large-doping amount utilization of the detoxified fly ash, and finally prepares the concrete solid brick meeting the standard.
Specifically, on one hand, after the fly ash of the waste incineration is detoxified, part of heavy metals are solidified, and after the fly ash is washed with water, the content of toxic and harmful substances is reduced, so that the large-doping amount utilization of the fly ash is realized; on the other hand, the detoxified fly ash and mineral powder are cooperatively and repeatedly mixed, and the particle sizes of the detoxified fly ash and the mineral powder are smaller, so that the cementing material has good particle grading, the pores in the concrete solid bricks are thinned, the compactness of the concrete solid bricks is enhanced by utilizing the micro-filling effect, and the strength is improved to a certain extent; the detoxified fly ash has potential gelatinization, and the addition of mineral powder with hydraulic property has the advantages of high strength and high tolerance and can overcome the defect of easy leaching of heavy metal.
The concrete solid brick has the advantages of simple production process, obvious heavy metal solidification and stabilization effect and high strength, realizes the resource utilization of incineration fly ash, realizes the solidification and stabilization and large-doping amount utilization of heavy metal in the fly ash, and simultaneously treats life hazardous waste, thereby having remarkable social and economic values.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a detoxified fly ash XRD pattern.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated in detail below with reference to examples:
the invention relates to a concrete solid brick prepared by detoxication of waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the following solid raw materials in percentage by mass:
detoxication fly ash 10-25%
25-40% of ore powder
Cement 50%.
The invention takes detoxified fly ash, mineral powder and cement as raw materials, and the detoxified fly ash contains active SiO 2 The method has the advantages of pozzolan effect and latent hydraulic property, can hydrate to generate hydrated calcium silicate gel, can reduce the consumption of cementing materials, can be used for preparing the concrete solid bricks which can be used as building materials, has simple production process, low operation cost, less secondary pollution and high utilization rate, can effectively solidify heavy metals in the waste incineration fly ash, and has small toxic leaching rate of the prepared products; and mixing after curingThe solid concrete brick has higher strength, does not need kiln to burn coal, can reduce the product cost and improves the economic benefit.
As shown in FIG. 1, the detoxified fly ash contains mineral components mainly including gypsum, quartz, etc., and the mineral components are consistent with chemical components, and the calcium in detoxified fly ash mainly is used for removing HCl and SO in flue gas during flue gas purification 2 Acid gas is injected into the furnace to cause a large amount of lime; in addition, the detoxified fly ash XRD pattern exhibits a plurality of small, waved peaks, indicating that detoxified fly ash contains amorphous glass-like materials which impart a certain activity to detoxified fly ash.
Wherein, the main chemical components, heavy metals and chloride ion concentrations of the detoxified waste incineration fly ash are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 main chemical composition, heavy metal, chloride ion concentration after detoxification of waste incineration fly ash
Wherein the mass percentage composition of each chemical component in the cement and the mineral powder is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 chemical composition of cement and mineral powder (%)
A preparation method of a concrete solid brick prepared by detoxication of waste incineration fly ash comprises the following steps:
(1) The waste incineration fly ash is subjected to solid-phase catalytic pyrolysis to decompose organic pollutants such as dioxin; and then, carrying out water washing treatment on the fly ash by utilizing a multistage countercurrent rinsing process to obtain detoxified fly ash, wherein the concentration of dioxin is stably less than 30ng-TEQ/kg, the chloride content is less than 1%, and the removal rate of soluble heavy metals reaches 99%. The concentration of dioxin is reduced through low-temperature pyrolysis, and the low-temperature pyrolysis temperature range is 180-380 ℃. The main chemical components, heavy metals and chloride ions before and after detoxification are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 main chemical composition, heavy Metal, chloride ion concentration before and after detoxification of waste incineration fly ash
As can be seen from Table 3, the main chemical components of fly ash before and after detoxification are CaO and SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 The content of chloride ions in the detoxified fly ash is reduced to below 1% after the fly ash is washed with water and NaCl, KCl and the like in the fly ash are washed away.
The fly ash contains more toxic heavy metals, mainly Zn, cr, pb, cu, cd, ni and the like, and the mineral composition in the detoxified fly ash mainly comprises gypsum, quartz and the like.
(2) Drying detoxified fly ash in a blast drying oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours;
(3) Grinding the detoxified fly ash dried by using a ball mill, crushing and grinding the detoxified fly ash by using the ball mill for 1-2 hours, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 50-80r/min; taking out and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain fly ash with the same particle size;
(4) The detoxified fly ash with the same particle diameter in the step (3) is uniformly mixed with other raw materials to form powder; adding water, stirring for 3-5 min by using a rubber sand stirrer, and pouring into a forming die; in practice, the raw materials and the amount (kg/m) of the concrete solid bricks 3 ) Solid raw materials: 298kg/m 3 88kg/m of water 3 。
(5) Transferring the mortar in the die in the step (4) into brick pressing equipment, setting the rotating speed of a distributing device to be 200r/min, molding and vibrating the mortar under the vibration effect of 3500 times/min frequency, and curing and molding to obtain the concrete solid brick.
In the step (4), other raw materials are cement and S95 grade mineral powder.
The cement comprises the following components: it can use ordinary silicate cement, slag silicate cement and silicate cement with 42.5 or more grades.
The curing conditions are as follows: curing for 1d at 20-40 ℃ with 70-90% humidity, opening the die, curing for 27d under the conditions after opening the die, and preparing the brick body.
The specification size of the concrete solid brick is 240mm multiplied by 115mm multiplied by 53mm, and the appearance is rectangular hexahedron.
In application, cement is selected as P.O42.5-grade Portland cement of Fushun cement Co., ltd; the mineral powder adopts S95 ground powder produced by Henan Meng electric group Cement Co., ltd, and has a density of 2880kg/m 3 Specific surface area 491.52m 2 Kg, fluidity ratio 102%; the fly ash of the waste incineration comes from a house refuse incineration plant in Huzhou city of Zhejiang province.
The compressive strength of the concrete solid bricks is tested according to GB/T50081-2019 standard of common concrete mechanical property test method; the heavy metal leaching test refers to the specification of GB/T30810-2014 determination method of leachable heavy metal in cement mortar, and determines the leaching toxicity of broken concrete solid bricks after the water-free curing for 28 days. And drying the concrete solid brick test block which is cured to be finished, crushing the dried test block, grinding the crushed test block by an agate ball mill, screening the crushed test block by a square hole screen, and collecting particles with the particle size of 0.125-0.25 mm as a test sample to be tested. Sample 10 was weighed g to the nearest 0.01 g, placed in a 1L beaker, 500 mL water was added, and placed on a magnetic stirrer to begin stirring. Measuring the pH value of the liquid in the beaker by an acidometer, dripping the pH regulating liquid by a burette, and filtering and collecting the leaching liquid after leaching. The heavy metal concentration in the sample leachate was measured by ICP.
Example 1
The waste incineration fly ash is subjected to solid-phase catalytic pyrolysis to decompose organic pollutants such as dioxin. Then, the fly ash is subjected to water washing treatment by utilizing a multistage countercurrent rinsing process; drying the detoxified fly ash in a blast drying oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours; grinding the detoxified fly ash dried by using a ball mill, crushing and grinding the detoxified fly ash by using the ball mill for 1-2 hours, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 50-80r/min; taking out and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain fly ash with the same particle size; uniformly mixing raw material cement, detoxified fly ash and mineral powder into powder, wherein the mixing ratio of the powder is 50%, 10% and 40% respectively; adding water, stirring for 3-5 min by using a rubber sand stirrer, transferring the mortar into brick pressing equipment, setting the rotating speed of a distributing device to be 200r/min, and shaping and vibrating the mortar under the vibration action of 3500 times/min frequency; curing for 28 days at the temperature of 20-40 ℃ and the humidity of 70-90%, and preparing the brick body.
Example 2
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that raw materials of cement, detoxified fly ash and mineral powder are uniformly mixed into powder, and the solid raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
detoxified fly ash 15%
35% of ore powder
Cement 50%
Example 3
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that raw materials of cement, detoxified fly ash and mineral powder are uniformly mixed into powder, and the solid raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
detoxified fly ash 25%
Ore powder 25%
Cement 50%
Example 4
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the raw material cement and the waste incineration fly ash are uniformly mixed into powder, and the solid raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
detoxified fly ash 50%
Cement 50%
The compressive strength of the concrete solid bricks prepared in each embodiment is measured according to GB/T50081-2019 Standard of common concrete mechanical Property test method; the concrete solid bricks prepared in each example are subjected to heavy metal leaching measurement by referring to GB/T30810-2014 determination method of leachable heavy metals in cement mortar, and the obtained performance index detection results are shown in the following table, wherein table 1 is the compressive strength value (MPa) of the concrete solid bricks, and table 2 is the heavy metal leaching concentration (mg/L) of broken concrete solid bricks.
Table 1 compressive strength values (MPa) of concrete solid bricks of examples
TABLE 2 heavy metal leaching concentrations (mg/L) of crushed materials of concrete solid bricks of various examples
As can be seen from Table 1, the compressive strength of the concrete solid bricks in example 2 is slightly higher than that of the concrete solid bricks in other examples, and at the proportion, the compressive strength of the concrete solid bricks reaches the maximum, the strength value increases with the increase of the age, and when the detoxified fly ash doping amount in example 4 reaches 50%, the 28d compressive strength value is the lowest, which indicates that the detoxified fly ash can replace mineral powder to prepare the concrete solid bricks, and the optimal doping amount exists.
As can be seen from Table 2, the heavy metal concentrations of the leachate of the crushed concrete solid bricks 28d in examples 1-3 are lower than the specified limit values in GB 30760-2014 technical Specification for the collaborative treatment of solid wastes by cement kilns, and the concrete solid bricks can be safely used. The detoxified fly ash concrete with higher substitution amount has higher heavy metal leaching concentration, and the other heavy metal elements except Cr and Zn can be well solidified in the concrete solid brick after the curing for 28 days in the embodiment 4, so that the detoxified fly ash can be used for preparing the concrete solid brick with proper proportion, thereby not only better solidifying/stabilizing the heavy metal in the detoxified fly ash, but also greatly reducing the cost of the concrete solid brick.
Therefore, the concrete solid brick product prepared by the specific technical measures of the invention can fully utilize the fly ash with gelatinization, can improve the strength of the product under the synergistic effect of hydraulic mineral powder, and can effectively 'solidify' heavy metal ions in the product to avoid the heavy metal ions from easily escaping.
The hydraulic property of mineral powder in the invention is specifically as follows: because the mineral powder contains a certain amount of low-calcium cement clinker minerals C2S, C S, the minerals can directly react with water to produce hydraulic hydration products and set and harden to generate strength.
In addition, as the age increases, the activity of the detoxified fly ash is gradually exerted, the gypsum component in the detoxified fly ash excites the activity of mineral powder, and the SiO in the admixture is activated by the gypsum component 2 And Al 2 O 3 Ca (OH) precipitated by hydration with cement 2 The reaction generates C-S-H and C-A-H gel, and the concrete is further improvedCompressive strength of (a) is provided.
The invention firstly carries out solid-phase catalytic pyrolysis on the waste incineration fly ash, and secondly, washes the fly ash by using a multistage countercurrent rinsing process to separate soluble salts such as chlorine-containing compounds, sulfides and the like and part of heavy metals. The fly ash is detoxified to reduce the contents of dioxin, heavy metal and chloride salt, so that the fly ash accords with the relevant standards, and the concrete solid brick is prepared.
The detoxified fly ash and mineral powder are compounded to be used as a composite admixture, the detoxified fly ash is used for carrying out concrete solid brick preparation test by replacing mineral powder with equal amount, the fly ash has potential gelatinization, hydraulic mineral powder is added to form a cementing material, compared with cement, the cement has more advantages in curing heavy metal in the fly ash, the additive effect is exerted, the later strength of the prepared concrete can exceed the strength of standard concrete, and concrete with higher performance can be obtained by mixing mineral powder and detoxified fly ash in proper proportion, and the defects of Rong Bigao increase, easy leaching of heavy metal and the like can be overcome. And when the amount of the detoxified fly ash which replaces the mineral powder reaches 50%, the leaching amount of heavy metals does not exceed the national regulation limit.
The invention realizes the high-efficiency recycling of the hazardous waste of the waste incineration fly ash, and has important significance for the harmless treatment of the propelling fly ash and the recycling of the fly ash.
Under the formula of the invention, detoxified fly ash can be used for replacing part of cement to prepare the concrete solid brick, the heavy metal leaching concentration of the prepared concrete solid brick is far lower than the national solid waste leaching toxicity identification standard, and the strength of the solidified concrete solid brick is higher. The utilization mode of the detoxified fly ash for replacing part of cement to prepare concrete is more economical and effective, can meet the practical application, provides reference for engineering application of the detoxified fly ash as a concrete solid brick admixture, realizes resource utilization of the detoxified fly ash, changes waste into valuable, protects the environment and improves the ecological environment.
The present embodiment is only illustrative of the present patent and does not limit the scope of protection thereof, and those skilled in the art can make local changes thereto, and the equivalent replacement of the present patent is considered to be within the scope of protection of the present patent as long as the spirit of the present patent is not exceeded.
Claims (8)
1. The concrete solid brick prepared by detoxication of the waste incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising the following solid raw materials in percentage by mass:
detoxication fly ash 10-25%
25-40% of ore powder
Cement 50%.
2. The concrete solid brick prepared by detoxication of waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the concrete solid brick comprises the following solid raw materials in percentage by mass:
detoxified fly ash 10%
40% of ore powder
Cement 50%.
3. The concrete solid brick prepared by detoxication of waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the concrete solid brick comprises the following solid raw materials in percentage by mass:
detoxified fly ash 15%
35% of ore powder
Cement 50%.
4. The concrete solid brick prepared by detoxication of waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the concrete solid brick comprises the following solid raw materials in percentage by mass:
detoxified fly ash 25%
Ore powder 25%
Cement 50%.
5. The concrete solid brick prepared by detoxication of waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cement is ordinary silicate cement, slag silicate cement or silicate cement with the grade of more than 42.5.
6. A method for preparing a concrete solid brick prepared by detoxication of the waste incineration fly ash according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
(1) Carrying out solid-phase catalytic pyrolysis on the waste incineration fly ash; then, the fly ash is subjected to water washing treatment by using a countercurrent rinsing process to obtain detoxified fly ash;
(2) Drying detoxified fly ash in a blast drying oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours;
(3) Grinding the dried detoxified fly ash by using a ball mill, crushing and grinding the detoxified fly ash by using the ball mill for 1-2 hours, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 50-80r/min; taking out and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain detoxified fly ash with the same particle size;
(4) The detoxified fly ash with the same particle diameter in the step (3) is uniformly mixed with other raw materials to form powder; adding water, stirring for 3-5 min by using a rubber sand stirrer, and pouring into a forming die;
(5) Transferring the mortar in the forming die in the step (4) into brick pressing equipment, setting the rotating speed of a distributing device to be 200r/min, forming and vibrating the mortar under the vibration effect of 3500 times/min frequency, and then curing and forming to obtain the concrete solid brick.
7. The method for preparing the concrete solid brick prepared by detoxication of the waste incineration fly ash, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step (4), other raw materials are cement and S95 grade mineral powder.
8. The method for preparing the concrete solid brick prepared by detoxication of the waste incineration fly ash, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step (5), the curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20-40 ℃ and the humidity is 70-90%, the brick body is manufactured by curing for 1d, then opening the mould, and curing for 27d under the conditions after opening the mould.
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