RU2142697C1 - Method of growing perennial flower crops in protected ground - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves preparing soil or substrate; planting plant material in holes; periodically feeding plants during rest period; providing regular watering. Prior to planting, root feeders are positioned adjacent plant hole. Feeders are made in the form of osmotic dosers capable of dosed dispensing of feeding macro- and microelements for prolonged periods of time and of correcting nutrient substance flow rate depending on concentration of nutrient substance in soil. Nutrient substance contains basic feeding elements, used in the ratio of N : P₂O₅ : K₂ = 1:1:1, and complete of microelements. EFFECT: simplified method and improved quality of products. 4 cl, 1 tbl, 3 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of floriculture.

 The cultivation of perennial flowering plants in glazed greenhouses is becoming one of the areas that provide greenhouses with high incomes. The use of elite highly productive plants allows you to get a large number of extra flowers, 1 and 2 varieties from a unit area. Flower crops are less demanding on the temperature regime than, for example, vegetable crops, which saves on heating costs. Most greenhouse flowering plants bloom most of the year when light is relatively low. To the greatest extent this applies to greenhouses located in the southern regions (6-7 light zones). In the southern regions of Russia, rotation can be densified when, after the second turn is completed, chrysanthemum cuttings are planted in the greenhouses, which grow and bloom by the beginning of the next year's turn, after which vegetable seedlings (tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, etc.) are planted in their place. )

 Most perennial flowering plants in the first stage require an increased supply of nitrogen, and then during flowering, the need for potassium increases. The organization of proper nutrition allows increasing the yield of plants, increasing the proportion of flowers of the highest quality category and preserving the productivity of plants in subsequent years. The standard scheme for organizing the nutrition of flower plants in glazed greenhouses includes the following steps.

1. Newly planted plants:
- preparation of soil or substrate with the creation of a long-term supply of low-expendable nutrients in combination with the main macro- and microelements;
- periodic top dressing with macro- and microelements, both root and extra-root, based on the results of agrochemical analyzes or visual observations;
- adjustment and introduction of batteries for the rest period.

2. Stocks or perennial plantings:
- the introduction of starting quantities of macro- and micronutrients according to the results of analyzes and the state of the substrate includes the introduction of both organic and mineral fertilizers;
- periodic top dressing adjusted according to the results of analyzes or visual observations;
- providing the necessary supply of batteries for the rest period.

 As you can see, both schemes are close in execution, although they differ in the number and ratio of introduced batteries.

 The most difficult component of plant nutrition in sheltered soil is top dressing, as visual signs of starvation appear when the plant has exhausted all available soil nutrients. The introduction of missing elements according to visual observations often leads to a delay in the development of plants, taking into account preliminary inhibition. In addition, the concentration of nutrients is limited in feeding, the excess of which can cause a "shock" or death of plants. Therefore, the most effective is a regular analysis of the soil (substrate) with the subsequent introduction of nutrients whose concentration does not correspond to the phase of development or flowering. However, soil analysis is a rather lengthy and expensive process that directly incurs costs, which in turn increases the cost of production.

 A prototype of the present invention is a method of growing perennial flowering plants in a protected ground, comprising the following stages.

 For newly planted plants (there may be cuttings) the soil or substrate is prepared. Manure of any kind, peat, sawdust, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium and nitrogen fertilizers and trace elements in proportions optimal for this type are preliminarily introduced into the soil as the main dressing. Prepare the holes, plant the plants. During dormancy, fertilizing is carried out, introducing K, N - fertilizers. Plants are watered regularly. In this way, gerberas, chrysanthemums, asters, etc. are grown. (A. Krestnikov, L. Kitaeva. Flowers at any time of the year. M., 1974, p.139-141).

 The disadvantages of such a catering are described above.

 The objective of the present invention is to develop a method of growing plants, providing for the provision of plants with the necessary nutrients in mild conditions, which leads to an increase in product quality.

 The problem is solved by the described method of growing perennial flower crops in a protected ground, including the preparation of soil or substrate, planting of planting material in the wells, periodic top dressing during the dormant period and irrigation, while KP-5 root feeders are installed in the wells before planting the planting material.

Osmotic dosers - “KP-5 root feeds” are able to provide dosing with macro- and microelements of plant nutrition for a long time, adjusting the rate of nutrient production depending on their concentration in the soil. Root feeder KP-5 contains the main power elements in the ratio N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1: 1, and also contains the whole set of microelements. Perhaps the presence of organic substances in it, growth stimulants and biological additives.

 Top dressing during dormancy is carried out by additional installation of root feeds KP-5.

 In this case, for the crops of the first year, one root feeder is established during feeding, and in each subsequent year two root feeders are set on different sides of the plant.

 At the first feeding for a plant over the age of 3 years, three root feeders are set on opposite sides of the plant.

If necessary, additional feeding during the period of intensive growth of the plant before installation in the wells of root crops, they are preliminarily kept in water for 8-10 days at a temperature not lower than 18 ^o C.

 The proposed method of growing can be recommended for various varieties of chrysanthemum, roses, callas, gerberas, etc.

 Example 1

 In a prepared substrate with a given pH = 6.5, dig a hole with a diameter of at least 100 mm and the same depth, put a KP-5 root feeder on the bottom of the hole, sprinkle it with a 3-4 cm layer of substrate, and plant Sterling chrysanthemum cuttings on top. Under these conditions, KP-5 begins to function with regular watering and normal temperature, providing the plant with a whole complex of nutrients. In the dormant period, another root feeder is installed under the plant, which allows for the creation of a certain supply of nutrients in the soil upon favorable conditions, which ensures the rapid development of plants and the formation of high-quality flowers on it in the first and second year. In the future, two root crops are installed annually on opposite sides of the plant, introducing the required amount of organic matter (peat, manure, sawdust, shavings, etc.) with calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen into the soil according to the results of the control analysis once a year .

 The result - the flowers are large, the inflorescences are more intensely colored, the plant itself is more powerful. The share of Extra and 1 grade is 40% more, this is under control.

 Example 2

 Roses of the Montezuma variety are grown in the conditions of protected ground for 3 years. It is established that the plant requires top dressing. A plant over three years old requires a one-time installation of three root crops located on opposite sides of the plant. To do this, 3 holes with a depth of 80-100 mm are dug at the side of the plant at a distance of 150-200 mm, root feeders are laid on the bottom of the holes, sprinkled with soil, compacted, and shed from above with water. The optimum period of installation should be considered the rest period (the beginning, middle or end practically does not play a role). In subsequent years, every year, at the same time, new root crops are installed in the amount of 2-3 pieces, while the old ones are not removed.

 According to the results of the turnover, it is noted that plants with root nutrients turned out to be more productive compared to control plants that were fed with mineral and organic fertilizers according to the results of soil analyzes adjusted by visual observations. From them, an average of 18 flowers was shot against 11 in the control. The diameter of the flower is on average 25% larger and amounted to 8 - 8.3 cm. The length of the shoots corresponded to 75% "extra", against 60% on the control.

 Example 3

 For the cultivation of calla flowers, a population of young plants grown from cuttings that were at the beginning of flowering was taken. From the plants formed 2 groups of 50 pieces each.

For 1 group in 8 days, 50 KP-5 root feeders were soaked in 2.5 l of water at a temperature of 18-20 ^o C.

 The second control group received food with irrigation water immediately at the beginning of mass consumption of nutrients.

 After 8 days, root crops were installed under the first group of plants, as in Example 1, and this group was only watered.

 Indicators (average values), which are noted at the end of the growing period, are shown in the table.

Claims (4)

1. A method of growing perennial flower crops in a protected ground, including preparing the soil or substrate, planting planting material in the wells, periodic top-dressing during the dormant period, regular watering, characterized in that before planting the planting material, KP-5 root crops, which are osmotic dispensers that can provide dosing with macro- and microelements for a long time, adjusting the rate of receipt of nutrients depending on their concentration in the soil, and containing the main nutrients in the ratio N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1: 1 and the entire set of trace elements.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding of crops of the first year is carried out by installing one root feeder KP-5, and in each subsequent year, two root feeders are installed on different sides of the plant.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the first top dressing for a plant over the age of 3 years, three root feeders are set on opposite sides of the plant. 4. The method according to each of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, if necessary, additional feeding during the period of intensive growth of the plant before installation in the wells of root feeds, they are preliminarily kept in water for 8 to 10 days at a temperature not lower than 18 ^o C.

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