RU2139959C1 - Sorption material for removing petroleum product impurities - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil pollution removal. SUBSTANCE: material has two outside fibrous layers preliminarily fastened by needle punching and intermediate layer of synthetic fibers between outside layers. All three layers are fastened together by needle punching. According to invention, outside layers are made from polypropylene fibers and intermediate layer from polypropylene or polyester fibers, outside layers being denser than intermediate layer. EFFECT: enabled retention of petroleum products and repeated utilization. 4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The technical field to which the invention relates.

 The invention relates to materials for the elimination of accidental spills of oil and oil products on the surface of water and land. Also, materials are preferred when cleaning and removing oily liquids when the use of heavy equipment is not effective or in combination with the latter for surface post-treatment. The materials can be used as preventive means at potentially hazardous facilities (oil depots, car enterprises, air and sea transport enterprises, main pipelines of any enterprises whose activity is associated with the use of oil-containing liquids).

State of the art
Known sorbent material described in US patent N 4340486 to CL. 210-693, publ. July 3, 1982 and N 3607741 according to class. 210-36, publ. September 4, 1971, consisting of cellulose fibers enclosed in a mesh to absorb oil stains from the surface of the water.

 Known US patent N 4006079 for CL. 210-39, publ. February 2, 1977, protects glass fiber materials enclosed in a mesh for absorbency.

 With good sorption properties, these materials have low strength and do not have buoyancy.

 Known sorting non-woven material described in the application EPO N 0287264 class. D 04 H 1/46, publ. 10/8/19. According to this application, a material is proposed consisting of two layers of short cotton fibers and an intermediate non-woven material of synthetic fibers between these layers.

 The intermediate non-woven material is a material obtained from a polymer melt. All three layers are connected by needle piercing.

 To remove oil from a contaminated surface, such a mat is spread on an oil stain located on the surface of the water to absorb it.

 To impart water-repellent properties, the mat is treated with special chemicals.

 The disadvantage of this material is the use of short fibers, which can be separated during the operation of the mat, contaminating the collected fluid.

 In essence and the achieved result, said non-woven material is closest to the proposed invention and is taken as a prototype.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The main objective of the invention is to create a material with a combination of the necessary sorption properties, the ability to retain collected oil products, buoyancy, ease of pressing and extraction of the collected oil product with repeated use of the material. This problem is solved due to the fact that in the material, including two outer fibrous layers, each of which is pre-bonded with needle piercing, and an intermediate fibrous layer of synthetic fibers located between these outer layers, bonded together by needle piercing, the outer fibrous layers are made of polypropylene, and the intermediate layer is made of polypropylene or polyester fibers, the fibrous layers being made more dense than the intermediate fibrous layer. The linear density of the fibers of the outer layers of the material may be the same or different from the linear density of the fibers of the intermediate layer.

 The holding capacity of the material can be further increased due to the fact that the intermediate layer is made of coarser fibers than the fibers of the outer layers.

 Another objective of the invention is the creation of a material that, along with sufficient sorption and retention properties in relation to petroleum products, would have increased resistance to the flow of collected petroleum products through it under the conditions of using the material as a preventive measure to prevent petroleum products from reaching the contact surface with the material. This problem is solved due to the fact that the surface of the proposed material from one or both of its outer sides is processed by calendering.

List of drawings
The figure schematically shows a cross section of a sorption material according to the invention.

 Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention.

 As shown in the drawing, the material according to the invention contains two outer layers 1 of polypropylene fibers pre-bonded by bundles of 3 fibers by needle piercing, and an intermediate layer 2 between them of polypropylene or polyester fibers. All layers are bonded to each other by bundles of 4 fibers by needle piercing. Due to this structure of the material, the outer fibrous layers 1 are made more dense than the intermediate layer.

 When using a napkin made of such a material, it is placed on a stain of oil or oil on the surface of water or land in such a way that the surface of layer 1 comes into contact with the contamination, which is sucked into the open pores of layer 1, fills them and, moving to layer 2, is redistributed over the entire volume.

 Since layer 1, compacted by the action of fiber bundles 3 and 4, has a less developed total pore surface as compared to layer 2 processed by the action of only bundles 4, pollution entering layer 2 and spreading in a volume with a larger total pore surface area held by him for the required time. Then the napkin is removed from the contaminated surface and wrung out to extract the collected oil product.

 Depending on the rheological properties of the sorbed oil products, the outer fibrous layers 1 are made of polypropylene, and the intermediate fibrous layer 2 is made of polypropylene or polyester fibers with a linear density of 0.1-0.68 tex, preferably 0.17-0.68 tex.

 When collecting spills of light and heavy fractions, it is preferable to use fibers of linear density equal to the linear density of the fibers of the intermediate layer for the outer layers of the fiber.

 When collecting medium fractions of petroleum products, it is preferable to use an intermediate layer 2 of fibers with a higher linear density with respect to the fibers of the outer layers 1.

 In this case, the retention effect of the collected oil product is increased, since it is difficult to reverse the movement of pollution from layer 2 with a large pore diameter to layer 1 with a smaller diameter of internal pores.

 When carrying out repair work, distribution of fuel, etc. the litter of such a material is laid on the surface protected from the ingress of the oil product with the chipped surface of one of the layers 1 and the outer surface of the other layer 1 upward. Pollution, falling on the surface of the treated or untreated layer 1, previously bonded by needle-piercing due to bundles 3, flows into it and moves to layer 2, distributed throughout the entire volume of layers 1 or 2, bonded together by needle-piercing due to bundles of fibers 4, and accumulating at the surface of the calendared layer 1. Because due to calendaring, a significant part or all of the pores of the outer layer 1 are closed, it becomes less or completely impermeable to petroleum products.

 When carrying out repairs or other work related to the movement of heavy objects on the surface of the litter, it is preferable to use a litter of material in which both outer surfaces of the material are calendered. This contributes, on the one hand, to the hardening of the material, and on the other hand, to an increase in its resistance to fracture under the action of friction in the contact zone.

 So, for example, to collect a spill of medium fractions of petroleum products (used oil), a napkin is taken from a material in which layers 1 are formed of 0.1-0.29 tex. Polypropylene fibers, pre-bonded by needle piercing with 3 fiber bundles, and intermediate layer 2 is made of polypropylene fiber 0.68 tex. and all layers are bonded to each other by needle-piercing by bundles of 4 fibers.

 To collect spills of light fractions of petroleum products (gasoline), a napkin is taken from a material in which layers 1 are formed from 0.1-0.29 tex polypropylene fibers, pre-bonded by needle-piercing with fiber bundles 3, and the intermediate layer is made from 0.1- polypropylene fibers 0.29 tex. , and all layers are bonded to each other by needle piercing with bundles of fibers 4.

 To collect spills of heavy oil fractions (fuel oil), a napkin is taken from a material in which layers 1 are formed of 0.68 tex polypropylene fibers. pre-bonded by needle piercing with fiber bundles 3, and the intermediate layer of 0.68 tex polypropylene fibers, and all layers are bonded to each other by needle piercing with fiber bundles 4.

 The extraction of petroleum products is easily carried out by any mechanical method, in particular by extraction in the shaft tip. At the same time, wipes made of such material can be used repeatedly.

 It is possible to use polypropylene fibers with a linear density of less than 0.1 tex. and more than 0.68 tex. However, in the first case, the process of processing fibers on a combing and canvas-forming equipment is difficult, and in the second, the holding capacity of the material with respect to oil and oil products decreases sharply.

 By the term “fibrous layer” is meant a layer formed from freely laid fibers using known mechanical canvas forming devices. The formation and bonding of such layers by needle-piercing is carried out in a single technological process on known needle-punched aggregates such as AIN or AIL (for example, M.D. Perepelkin and others. "Mechanical technology for the production of nonwoven materials" M. "Light Industry", 1973, p. 431 -433), etc. equipment.

Claims (4)

 1. Sorbent material for removing contaminants from petroleum products, including two outer fibrous layers, each of which is pre-bonded with needle piercing, and an intermediate fibrous layer of synthetic fibers located between these outer layers, bonded with needle piercing, characterized in that the outer layers are made of polypropylene and the intermediate layer is made of polypropylene or polyester fibers, the outer fibrous layers being more dense than the intermediate fiber oily layer.  2. The sorbent material according to claim 1, characterized in that the linear density of the fibers of the outer layers of the material is the same as the linear density of the fibers of the intermediate layer.  3. The sorbent material according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate layer is made of coarser fibers than the fibers of the outer layers.  4. Sorbent material according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that its surface on one or both outer sides is calendered.