RU2139656C1 - Fish growing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fishery, in particular, equipment for one-year or multiple-year growing of fish in nursery ponds. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has nursery pond, aerator-flow former and hydraulic fish concentrating, keeping and catching construction positioned adjacent to nursery pond water area and connected with it via one or two channels. Hydraulic construction has vertical water-impermeable wall for cutting off water body from pond bottom to surface. Wall is manufactured from cheap available materials such as polyethylene film, boards constructed from panels or racks and lined with polyethylene film, caprone fabric etc. EFFECT: reduced usage of expensive materials for building of hydraulic construction and wider range of usage. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to lake fish farming and can be used for annual and perennial fish farming in overland lakes and non-empty ponds.

 A device for growing fish, consisting of a large feeding pond, aerator, stream-forming aquarium and non-aquatic toni located in the water area of the reservoir (Slinkin N.P. Cultivation and fishing in low-water inland lakes. - Fish farming and fishing, 1976, N 3-4, p. 22-24).

However, the effectiveness of the aerator-flow former in the known device is small. This can be seen from the following example (for carp). At a low temperature (5-6 ^o C), carp consumes an average of 5 ml of oxygen per hour per 1 kg of mass (Sukherov F.M., Sivertsev A.P. Pond fish farming. M: Food industry, 1975, p. 436) .

For carp grown on an area of 500 ha with a fish productivity of 100 kg / ha (50 tons of fish), 0.25 kg O ₂ / h of dissolved oxygen is required. On lakes of this area, flow aerators (H19-IAV turbo-aerators of the SibrybNIIproekt design) with an electric motor drive of 11-15 kW, oxygen capacity of 35-47 kg O ₂ / h, i.e. with a productivity of 140-190, are currently used times larger than required for carp. But even in this case, the oxygen content in the aeration zone usually does not exceed 3-4 mg / l, i.e. maintained at a relatively low level. This is explained by the fact that oxygenated water is distributed over an excessively large area of the feeding reservoir, is repeatedly mixed with the environment, which has a low oxygen content and uses oxygen uselessly to oxidize bottom sediments in the aeration zone and far beyond it.

At low water temperatures, not only oxygen demand is relatively small, but also a large volume of water for winter keeping of fish, provided that there is a sufficient amount of oxygen in it. To keep the same carp (50 tons) in earthen sediments in winter, the ratio of fish to water should be at least 1:10 (Sukherov F.M., Sivertsev A.P. Pond fish farming. M: Food industry, 1975, p. 436 ) If this ratio is increased (for reliability) by a factor of 10 (take 1: 100), then (50 • 100) = 5000 m ^{3 of} water will be required to keep 50 tons of carp. With a depth of non-freezing water layer equal to 2 m, such an amount of water will be placed in a reservoir with an area of 250 m ² (0.25 ha), and with a depth of non-freezing water layer equal to 3 m, respectively 1670 m ² (0.17 ha). The area of aeration zone of the H19-IAV turbo-aerator exceeds 100 ha, i.e. several hundred times more than required.

The aeration efficiency of turbo-aerators of the SibrybNIIproekt design (N19-IАЖ / 1 and Н19-ИАК) is 2.8-3.5 kg O ₂ / kW • h. Therefore, under ideal conditions, when oxygen dissolved in water will not be consumed for the oxidation of bottom sediments, but will be consumed only by fish, one 0.1 kW turbo aerator is sufficient to satisfy the need of 0.25 kg O ₂ / h, i.e. the need for electricity is reduced tens of times.

 A device for growing fish is known, consisting of an offshore feeding reservoir located on its shore of a hydraulic structure connected to the feeding reservoir by one or two channels and an aerator (N.P. Slinkin. Cultivation and fishing in low-water inland lakes. - "Fish farming and fishing" , 1976, N 3-4, p. 22-24). However, the manufacture of an auxiliary reservoir requires a large investment. In addition, on shallow inland lakes with very sloping shores and overgrown coastal zone, aquatic vegetation interferes with the movement of fish from the lake to the hydraulic structure.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a device for growing fish, consisting of an offshore reservoir, a hydraulic structure intended for growing, keeping and catching fish located in its water area, connected to it by one or two channels and an aerator-flow former (RF patent N 2079214, CL A 01 K 61/00, published May 10, 1997).

 However, the manufacture of a hydraulic structure from bulk soil also requires large investments.

 The purpose of the invention is the reduction of material costs for the manufacture of hydraulic structures and providing the possibility of its wider use.

 This is achieved by the fact that in the device for growing fish, consisting of a pond and a hydraulic structure located in its water area, connected to it by one or two channels, and an aerator-flow former, the hydraulic structure is made in the form of a vertical waterproof fence that overlaps the water column from bottom to surface.

 This is also achieved by the fact that the vertical fence can be made of inexpensive materials at hand, such as plastic film, panel boards, panel boards, lined with plastic film, nylon fabric, and other materials.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for growing fish, made of a plastic film attached to a frame of stakes, located off the coast, top view;
in FIG. 2 - the same, located offshore;
in FIG. 3 is a section AA in FIG. 2.

 A device for growing fish consists of a pond 1, a hydraulic structure 2 and an aerator-stream 3. The hydraulic structure is made in the form of a vertical waterproof fence. In this particular example, it is made of plastic film 4, the top and bottom of which is attached to the net 5. A vertical fence is placed on thin ice. In ice 6 cut a gap. The film is tied to the stakes 7. In the interval between the stakes, the load is tied (not shown) to the bottom selection, after which the stakes together with the film are placed in a vertical position. The turbo-aerator is placed in the pre-choking period, when respiratory depression from lack of oxygen begins at the fishing object.

 The fish is concentrated in a known manner. Inside the fence and in the area of the lake adjacent to the spillway channel 8, an aerator-flow former 3 creates a stream of aerated water 9, i.e. zone, the oxygen content in which should be at least 1-2 mg / l higher than in the lake with the highest oxygen content. When the fish leaves the aerated zone, it becomes impossible (the oxygen content in the lake decreases to a critical value), the zone of action of the aerator-flow former is gradually reduced, and ultimately the discharge of aerated water from the fence to the lake is completely stopped and it is switched to aeration of water only inside the fence, the channels are blocked with a waterproof partition (not shown). Fish are caught in a non-aquatic tone 10.

 With two- and many-year feeding, part of the fish is kept until the end of the overseas period.

 The main advantages of the device for growing fish are: low manufacturing cost, the possibility of using not only in shallow, but in deeper overland lakes, where the manufacture of a hydraulic structure from bulk soil is especially expensive, simplicity and accessibility for widespread use both on small and on large bodies of water.

 If for the manufacture of an auxiliary body of water with hydraulic structures on the lake shore with an area of 1 hectare, a depth of 4 m, 300 thousand rubles is required, as shown by the applicant’s calculations. denominated rubles., then the manufacture of the same reservoir of plastic film in the lake is not more than 3.5-4 thousand rubles.

Claims (2)

 1. A device for growing fish, consisting of a pond and a hydraulic structure located in its water area, connected to it by one or two channels, and an aerator-flow former, characterized in that the hydraulic structure is made in the form of a vertical waterproof fence that overlaps the water column from bottom to surface.  2. The device for growing fish according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical fence is made of inexpensive improvised materials, for example, plastic film, panel boards, panel boards, lined with plastic film, nylon fabric, and others.

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