RU2236125C2 - Method of water aeration for fish concentration and catching - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fishery, in particular, rearing, wintering and catching of fish in underfeed lakes.

SUBSTANCE: method involves mounting aerator-flow former in basin; providing oxygen-saturated water flow and attracting fish into aeration zone, followed by catching of fish or keeping it in underfeed water area of basin up to the end of underfeed period; directing oxygen-saturated water flow to flow suppressor, which is made of open oval or other open shape allowing direction of mixing to be reversed. Intensive saturation of water with oxygen is provided by multiple reciprocation of one and the same volume of water from aerator-flow former to flow suppressor in flow suppression area of basin. Fish is concentrated, kept and caught in water area adjoining flow suppression area, where convection exchange of oxygen-saturated cold water of flow suppression area with warmer lake water occurs. Oxygen content in flow suppression water area and in water area of lake in aeration zone is regulated by changing width of open portion of flow suppression area.

EFFECT: reduced power consumption for water aeration and reliable keeping of fish in aeration zone.

2 cl, 3 dwg, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to lacustrine fish farming and can be used to attract fish to the fishing zone, followed by catch, for example, by-net seine, or to keep it alive from clutter phenomena in the waters of the inland reservoir.

There is a method of aeration of water and fish concentration using a stream of oxygenated water, according to which fish are attracted from the waters of the overland lake to a satellite pond built on the shore of the lake, where they are caught with a small backwater net and (or) they are kept alive from the clutter (Slinkin NP Growing and fishing in shallow overseas lakes. - Fish farming and fishing - 1996. - No. 3-4).

However, the manufacture of a satellite pond on lakes with swampy or steep shores is impossible. Lakes with very flat coasts and overgrown aquatic vegetation of the coastal zone, which impede the passage of fish into the satellite pond, are also not suitable for this method of aeration of water, concentration and fishing. In addition, the manufacture of a satellite pond on the lake requires large investments.

A known method of aeration of water, concentration and fishing (adopted as a prototype), including the installation of an aerator-flow generator (turbo-aerators of the SibrybNIIproekt design) in the waters of the inland reservoir, creating a stream of oxygen-rich water and attracting fish to the aeration zone with subsequent fishing and (or) preserving it until the end of the overseas period (Slinkin N.P. Behavior of carp in the zone of operation of the N19-IAV turbo-aerator // Fish farm. Ser. industrial fishing / VNIERH. - M-1996. Issue 1. - S.38-47) .

In the nineties of the last century, this method passed production testing on many lakes in the south of the Tyumen region: Ipkul, Singul, Cf. Tarmans and others with an area of 300-1000 ha and more. As shown by the production check, when using this method, there is no need to catch offshore seines throughout the lake, as all fish grown is concentrated on an area of 100-150 ha. The productivity of fishermen sharply increases, the death of fish from clogging phenomena is excluded, and the efficiency of lake fish farming is increased.

However, during aeration of water in an unlimited space of a reservoir, oxygen-saturated water under the influence of the kinetic energy of the generated water flow, which propagates according to the hyperbolic law and the law of convective exchange of cold and warm water in the cold season and in the aeration zone, spreads over a large area and loses useless most of the dissolved oxygen is oxidized to the bottom sediment and returns to the aerator with a low oxygen supply. Therefore, to create a zone with a favorable oxygen regime on lakes with an area of 300-1000 ha, turbo-aerators with a capacity of 11-22 kW and an oxygen capacity of 35-70 kg / h are required. For round-the-clock work for a long period (from 1.5 to 3-4 months), a large amount of expensive electricity (fuel) is required, which greatly limits the possibility of widespread use of aerators in lake fish farming in Western Siberia and the Urals, where most of the stocked lakes are frozen.

In addition, the reliability of the conservation of fish in the aeration zone in the water area of the reservoir when using the known method is insufficient, because when the turbo aerator is forced to stop due to technical reasons, the water cycle by inertia continues for a long time. As a result of this, in 2-3 days all oxygenated water is mixed with the environment, which has a low oxygen content, and freezing occurs in the aeration zone.

The technical result from the use of the invention is to repeatedly reduce energy costs for aeration of water, concentration, keeping and catching fish, as well as to increase the reliability of its preservation in the aeration zone.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of aeration of water, concentration and fishing, including installing an aerator-stream former, creating a stream of oxygenated water and attracting fish into the aeration zone, followed by catching it or keeping it in the water of the overwater lake until the end of the overseas period, the stream is saturated with oxygen water is directed to the flow quencher, made in the form of an open oval or other open shape, providing a change in the direction of movement of the stream to the opposite, and intense saturation of water oxygen is provided by repeated reciprocating motion of the same volume of water from the flow aerator to the flow quencher in the water quencher. In this case, the fish is concentrated, maintained and caught in the area adjacent to the flow quencher, where the convective exchange of oxygen-rich cold water in the water quencher and warmer lake water takes place, and the oxygen content in the water quencher and in the lake in the aeration zone is controlled by changing the width of the open section of the flow damper.

The proposed method is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a flow damper made in the form of an open oval fence located in a shallow area of the lake, and an aerator-flow former (top view); figure 2 - flow quencher, made in the form of a box without a side (end) wall, located in a dead end channel, and aerator-flow former (also a top view) and figure 3 is the same flow quencher as in figure 2, attached to a floating base, located in the water area of the reservoir.

Example 1. Using an aerator-flow generator (H19-IAL turbo-aerator with a power of 0.5-1.0 kW) and a flow quencher, catch three-year-old carp in a foreign lake and store them in the lake to continue feeding two-year-old carp.

In the shallow area of the lake, a flow quencher 1 is placed on thin ice (see Fig. 1), made in the form of an open oval fence, for example, of a reinforced polypropylene film attached to stakes, and with an oxygen content of 1.5-2.0 mg / l (the beginning of respiratory depression in carp) in the area where the flow damper is installed, make a lane, put a turbo aerator in it in accordance with Fig. 1 and turn it on. Faced with an obstacle (flow quencher), oxygen-saturated water is reflected from it. goes along the walls of the flow damper in the opposite direction, enters the rarefaction zone of the turbo aerator and again makes the same circuit.

As a result of repeated reciprocating motion of the same small volume of water from the flow aerator to the flow quencher and back, the water temperature in the water quencher at the bottom and at the surface decreases to 1.5-2.0 ° C and the intensity of water saturation increases oxygen. For a short period of time (one to two days), the oxygen content in the water damper increases to 7-10 mg / l (the smaller the width of the open space, the higher the oxygen content in the water damper).

Low water temperature in the area of the flow quencher and higher in the lake causes convective exchange, as a result of which cold water saturated with oxygen 6 moves from the water quencher to the lake, and warmer (bottom) water with a low oxygen content 7 moves to the quencher water . This forms an aeration zone 8 in the lake.

They start fishing when there is killing outside the aeration zone. Three-year-olds of carp are caught with large-backed net seine. After catching all three-year-olds, the turbo aerator and flow quencher are used until the end of the overseas period.

This embodiment of the proposed method is attractive in that it can be used on any overland lakes, including lakes with coastal areas, overgrown with aquatic vegetation, and lakes with very swampy shores.

Example 2. It is necessary using an aerator-flow generator (turbo-aerator N19-IAL with a power of 0.5-1.0 kW) and a flow quencher located on the lake, made in accordance with figure 2, to save two-year-old carp in the water of the overland reservoir to the end overseas period.

A excavation is made on the shore of the lake (dead end channel), in which a flow damper 11 is placed, made, for example, in the form of a sheet steel box, a turbo aerator is placed at the entrance to it and with an oxygen content of 1.5-2.0 mg / l The area where the flow damper is located includes it for round-the-clock operation until the end of the overseas period. Periodically monitor the oxygen content in the aeration zone and adjust it as necessary by changing the width of the open section of the flow quencher.

This embodiment of the proposed method is convenient in that there is no need for annual installation and dismantling of the flow damper, as well as in the case when a wind electric unit or direct-acting wind aerator is used as a power source for the aerator.

Example 3. It is necessary to use the aerator-flow generator (H19-IAL turbo-aerator with a power of 0.5-1.0 kW) and a flow damper on a floating base to catch a lake stocked with peled for annual feeding.

On the site of the lake, where the peled is concentrated in front of the castle, a lane is made on thin ice and a floating base is lowered into it. A flow damper made of reinforced polyethylene film, made in the form of a box without one side (end) wall, is attached to the floating base. The turbo aerator is set in accordance with FIG. 3 and, when the oxygen content in the zone of its action is 2-3 mg / l, it is connected to a mobile power station with a capacity of 1.0-2.0 kW and turned on. Peladas start fishing when overseas occurs in the lake outside the aeration zone.

The third embodiment of the proposed method is convenient in that it can be used in deep sections of the lake, where the fish concentrates before the dead, and due to this, reduce the fishing time by 2-3 times.

The proposed method was tested on the overlooking lake Ipkul in the Lower Tavdinsky district of the Tyumen region. The tests were carried out from February 15 to April 19, 2002. The test results are given in the interim report on the topic "Development and implementation of methods for intensive fishing of overland lakes using turbo-aerators". Topic Leader Slinkin N.P. - Tyumen. Siberian Research Institute 2002 year

As tests have shown, the oxygen content in different parts of the aeration zone (0-500 m from the turbo aerator) in March - the first half of April (the critical period for clogging phenomena) was 4-7 mg / l, and in the flow quencher reaches 10 mg / l During the test period, the turbo aerator was specially turned off 3 times for 5-8 days. With the turbo aerator turned off, the oxygen content in the aeration zone decreased at the water surface to 1.2-236 mg / l, at the bottom - to 1.0-2.0 mg / l, it was restored when it was turned on.

Despite the fact that aeration of water on Lake Ipkul was carried out using a low-power turbo aerator (0.5 kW), carp in the lake successfully overwintered (preserved). Based on the studies, it was concluded that the new method of aeration of water and fish concentration in the fishing zone is effective.

Claims (2)

1. A method of aeration of water for concentration and fishing, including installing an aerator-stream former in a pond, creating a stream of oxygenated water and attracting fish to the aeration zone, followed by catching it or keeping it in the water reservoir until the end of the period, characterized in that the flow oxygen-saturated water is directed to an oval or other open-type flow damper, providing a change in the direction of flow movement in the opposite direction, and intense oxygen saturation of the water provides They occur by repeated reciprocating motion of the same volume of water from the aerator-flow former to the flow quencher in the water quencher. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fish is concentrated, kept and caught in the area adjacent to the flow quencher, where there is a convective exchange of oxygen-rich cold water in the water quencher and warmer lake water, and the oxygen content in the water quencher and in the water area of the lake in the aeration zone is regulated by changing the width of the open section of the flow damper.

Images