RU2460285C1 - Method of growing fish in winter lakes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to lake fish farming and can be used for annual and perennial cultivation of fish in winter and occasionally winter lakes. Method of growing fish in winter lakes includes the use of the auxiliary reservoir (2) and aerators-flow developers (15,16). Aerators-flow developers (15) are set along the banks of the auxiliary reservoir (2) to create the rotational motion of water in a clockwise (22) or anti-clockwise. The aerator-flow developer (16) is mounted in the water intake channel (3) for water intake from the lake (1) with discharge into the reservoir (2). As an auxiliary one, an aerator-flow developer with electric low-power drive (0.5-1.0 kW) is used or oxygen tank attached to the reinforced hose.

EFFECT: increased fish production of lakes through extensive use of aeration equipment.

2 cl, 2 dwg, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to lake fish farming and can be used for both annual and perennial rearing of fish in overseas and periodically overseas lakes, as well as in old women and non-empty ponds.

A known method of growing fish in overland lakes, including stocking a reservoir, installing an aerator-stream former in the lake, including in its operation, concentration, keeping and catch of commercial fish (1).

The disadvantage of this method is that when the aerator-flow former in the lake area of 200-500 hectares and more dissolved in water, oxygen is distributed in an unlimited space of the reservoir over an excessively large area. Therefore, to create a zone with a favorable oxygen regime for fish, aerators and flow generators (turbo-aerators of the SibrybNIIproekt design) with a capacity of 11-22 kW, (oxygen capacity 35-70 kg O ₂ / h) are required. The round-the-clock operation of these products for 4-4.5 winter months requires a large amount of expensive electricity (fuel). Connecting them to rural electric networks or to mobile power plants requires large material costs and often does not pay off (laying 1 km of electric wires costs 1 million rubles).

For these reasons, the known method is not applied on many lakes, especially on lakes remote from settlements and electric networks.

In addition, a large amount of labor and equipment is required to fish in the area of the lake fishing is carried out by large overhead seines (600-800 m), which significantly reduces the cost of farmed fish.

A known method of growing fish in overland lakes, which involves the use of a pneumatic aerator-flow generator, consisting of a wind wheel, compressor, rubber hose and sprayers, including stocking, feeding, aeration of water, concentration and catch of commercial fish (2).

However, the small compressor capacity (45 m ³ / h), forced interruptions in operation in calm weather and low efficiency when oxygen is saturated with water in an unlimited space of the reservoir do not allow creating a pronounced zone with a high oxygen content under these conditions and reliably keeping fish from freezing.

The low efficiency of the known aerator-flow former is explained by the fact that the mass of air bubbles floating up above the nebulizers causes a vertical flow of water coming from the bottom (warm) layers. Water above sprayers does not freeze. In shallow lakes with a depth of 2.5-3 m, which include most of the overland lakes, pop-up air bubbles in a short time (12-75 s) do not have time to transfer to the water their oxygen supply (burst on the surface of the water). Therefore, the percentage of oxygen dissolution does not exceed 2-3%. (2). This further reduces the effectiveness of its use.

A known method of growing fish in overland lakes, which involves the use of a pneumatic aerator-stream former in the waters of the overland lake, including stocking, feeding, aeration of water, concentration and catch of commercial fish (3).

However, to create a zone with a favorable oxygen regime for fish in fish lakes with an area of 100-200 ha and more, a large number of pneumatic aerators and a wind power unit of great power and cost are required, because The efficiency of their work in unlimited conditions of large reservoirs, when oxygen-saturated water is distributed over an excessively large area, is low. The reliability of preserving fish from freezing during intermittent operation associated with changeable weather (forced stops in calm weather) is also insufficient.

A known method of growing fish in overland lakes (adopted as a prototype), involving the use of an auxiliary reservoir and aerators, stream-forming, including stocking, feeding, aeration of water, concentration and catch of commercial fish (4).

Using the known method, the need for electricity (fuel) for aeration of water is sharply reduced, the reliability of preserving fish from clogs increases, the need for equipment, fuel is greatly reduced, the conditions for selling fish are improved, and the productivity of fish farmers and the efficiency of fish farming are increased.

Currently, this method has been introduced (continues to be introduced) on a number of lakes in the Tyumen, Omsk and Chelyabinsk regions.

However, laying electric networks and delivering fuel for flow aerators to lakes remote from settlements and rural electric networks requires large material costs and often does not pay off. Therefore, the known method has limited application.

The technical result from the use of the invention is to replace aerators, flow generators with an electric drive, modern aerators, flow generators with a pneumatic drive, reducing material costs for laying electrical networks to the lakes, and ultimately, in the economical use of electricity and fuel and in increasing the fish productivity of the lakes, through the wider use of aeration equipment.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of growing fish in overland lakes, which involves the use of an auxiliary reservoir and flow aerators, including stocking, feeding, water aeration, concentration and catch of commercial fish, the fish is concentrated, kept and caught using pneumatic flow aerators located in the auxiliary reservoir and in the intake channel, and in the auxiliary reservoir, the aerators are installed along the banks in series and so that they create a rotational movement water in the entire auxiliary reservoir, for example, clockwise or counterclockwise, and in the intake channel, water was taken from the lake and dumped into the auxiliary reservoir.

This is achieved by the fact that an aerator-flow generator of low power (0.5-1.0 kW) with an electric drive located in the intake channel, or an oxygen cylinder connected to a reinforced hose, is used as a backup.

The proposed method is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a wind power unit with air ducts connected to it and a pneumatic aerator-flow generator - side view, and in Fig. 2 - auxiliary reservoir - top view.

Example 1. It is required to introduce the proposed method for growing fish in a shallow overseas lake with an area of 200 hectares.

On the shore of Lake 1 (Fig. 2), an auxiliary body of water 2 is built, 3 m deep, with an area of 0.10-0.15 ha (with a fish to water ratio of 1: 100, 15-20 tons of fish can be saved in it), connected with a water intake lake 3 and a spillway 4 channels. On the shore of the auxiliary reservoir, a wind power unit is installed, consisting of a wind wheel 5 (Fig. 1) of a piston compressor 6, a flat steering tail 7, a pipe (mast) 8, a foundation 9, extensions 10, a reinforced hose 11 with a calm valve, two air ducts 12 and 13 Pneumatic aerators 15 and 16 (see FIG. 2) are placed on poles 14 in the auxiliary reservoir and in the intake channel, each of which consists (see FIG. 1) of a horizontal 17 and vertical 18 component of the L-shaped pipe with a sprayer 19 in the vertical component of the L-shaped pipe, connected nym to air ducts 12 and 13. Numeral 20 denotes the ice, at 21 - grooves for watertight partitions and numeral 22 - the direction of water flow.

The proposed method is as follows. In spring, the lake is stocked with carp, peled and other fast-growing fish. In winter, shortly after freezing up, pneumatic aerators are put into operation in accordance with FIG. 2 and connected to air ducts. The wind wheel, rotating under the influence of the wind, drives a reciprocating compressor. Atmospheric air is pumped by the compressor into the pipe (mast), from it into a durable rubber cord reinforced with a cord, passed under the ice to the bottom of the reservoir. Through the calm valve, air is directed through two air ducts laid at the bottom of the reservoir to the pneumatic aerator sprayers. The mass of air bubbles floating above the nebulizers causes a flow of water at first in the vertical, and then into the horizontal component of the L-shaped pipe.

All pneumatic aerators 15 taken together create a circular movement of water in the auxiliary reservoir, and aerators 16 create a circulation flow from the lake to the auxiliary reservoir, from it to the lake and vice versa.

As the oxygen content decreases in the water area of the lake, the fish gathers (concentrates) in the area of the lake adjacent to the auxiliary reservoir.

When the offensive occurs in the lake, in order to attract all the fish grown into the auxiliary reservoir, first turn off one pneumatic aerator 16, and then the second. As a result, the discharge of oxygenated water from the auxiliary reservoir to the lake ceases and the fish, due to the onset of freezing, move to the auxiliary reservoir in which it is caught or kept throughout the winter, followed by release in the spring to continue feeding.

After the offensive in the aeration zone in the water area of Lake Zamora, waterproof partitions are placed in the grooves 21

In the case of calm weather for more than 4-5 days, when the oxygen content in the auxiliary reservoir begins to approach a critical value (2-3 mg / dm ³ ), a backup aerator-flow meter with electric drive is activated or the air ducts are connected to the oxygen cylinder (in FIG. 2. not shown).

Example 2. It is required to introduce the proposed method for growing fish in a shallow overseas lake with an area of 500 hectares.

On the shores of Lake 1 build (Fig.1) auxiliary pond, a depth of 3 m, an area of 0.20-0.25 ha.

Fish is grown, maintained and caught in the same way as in example 1.

The proposed method has the following advantages over the prototype. There is an opportunity to grow fish using the technology of annual and long-term feeding using aeration equipment in lakes remote from settlements and electric networks, to which the installation of electric networks and uninterrupted fuel delivery is too expensive (the costs do not pay off). An aerator uses a non-traditional source of energy - wind power. Saves electricity and fuel. The productivity of lakes is increasing, in which aeration equipment is not currently used. Employment in rural areas is increasing.

Information sources

1. Slinkin N.P. Cultivation and fishing in shallow overwater lakes - Fisheries and fisheries, 1996 No. 3 - 4, pp. 22-24.

2. Mushroom V.K., Morev A.N. Integrated mechanization of pond fish farming. - M .: Pishchev. Industry, 1973, p. 192-193.

3. RF patent No. 2402212, publ. 10/27/2010

4. RF patent No. 2139655, publ. 20.10. 1999 year

Claims (2)

1. A method of growing fish in overland lakes, involving the use of an auxiliary reservoir and stream aerators, including stocking, feeding, aeration of water, concentration and catch of salable fish, characterized in that the fish is concentrated, maintained and caught using pneumatic stream aerators located in the auxiliary body of water and in the intake channel, and in the auxiliary body of water, the aerators are installed sequentially along the banks and so that they create a rotational movement of In the entire auxiliary reservoir, for example, clockwise or counterclockwise, water was taken from the lake in the intake channel and dumped into the auxiliary reservoir. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an aerator-flow former with an electric drive of low power (0.5-1.0 kW) located in the intake channel or an oxygen cylinder connected to a reinforced hose is used as a backup.

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