CN102823521A - Method for breeding prawn in indoor space of brackish water constructed wetland - Google Patents
Method for breeding prawn in indoor space of brackish water constructed wetland Download PDFInfo
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- CN102823521A CN102823521A CN2011101578693A CN201110157869A CN102823521A CN 102823521 A CN102823521 A CN 102823521A CN 2011101578693 A CN2011101578693 A CN 2011101578693A CN 201110157869 A CN201110157869 A CN 201110157869A CN 102823521 A CN102823521 A CN 102823521A
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding prawn in an indoor space of brackish water constructed wetland. In the method, a prawn breeding pond and a constructed wetland are used, and an air pump, an air pipe and an aerator are equipped. The method is characterized in that the prawn breeding pond and the constructed wetland are connected end to end by a pipeline; a plurality of meshes, a feeding and viewing table and the aerator are suspended in the prawn breeding pond; a plastic film is constructed above the wall of the prawn breeding pond; a plurality of salt-resistant wetland plants are planted in the constructed wetland; the constructed wetland is composed of a plurality of constructed wetlands which are connected in series and are planted with different plants; a water collecting pond is arranged on the tail end of the constructed wetland; the water collecting pond pumps water by an submersible pump and reflows the water to the prawn breeding pond; the prawn breeding density is 400-450/square meter; the total feed amount is 3% to 5% of the weight of the prawn every day in the breeding period; the wetland circulation is begun at the tenth day after the prawn shrimps are put, so that the breeding waste water of the prawn breeding pond can be treated; the bottom of the prawn breeding pond is sucked every day from the ninth week after the prawn shrimps are arranged so as to remove excrements; the composite vertical-flow constructed wetlands are subjected to back-flushing for one time for each half month; and the wetland plants are thinned for one time for each 15 to 20 days from the eighth week after the prawn shrimps are put.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture, especially the method for the indoor foster shrimp of brackish water artificial swamp.
Background technology
At present, many regional prawn culturings adopt the mode of desalination cultivations, and the raiser adopts the method that adds fresh water that the salinity of breeding water is progressively reduced, finally at fresh water or be tending towards culturing in the environment of fresh water.Every production 1kg prawn approximately needs the water of 20000L under this aquaculture model, so the desalination cultivation of prawn has consumed a large amount of freshwater resources.The waste water that in breeding process, discharges simultaneously causes the fisheries water environment to be polluted, and ecotope is destroyed.In addition, at fresh water or be tending towards culturing in the environment of fresh water the prawn quality of coming out and having good that breed is come out in the water environment of salinity.
Though conventional circulating water culture system has solved the dependence of breeding production to environment, has reduced the pollution of breeding wastewater to environment.But there is high energy consumption in conventional circulating water culture system, can produces the often problem of maintenance of mud, needs; And single processing unit can only be handled some pollutant; If want to reach purification fully, must several kinds of different processing units be incorporated in the circulation breeding wastewater.
Artificial swamp has caused people's extensive concern as a kind of wastewater processing technology in recent years; Its mechanism of action combines physics, chemistry and biological triple synergy, shows as number of ways such as filtration, absorption, deposition, ion exchange, plant absorbing and microbial metabolism.Research shows that this technology can not only effectively remove organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metal and pathogeny microorganism, and the investment operating cost is low, convenient for maintenance management.At present, artificial swamp is used and only is used for the wastewater treatment that the freshwater low-density is breeded fish, and artificial swamp is not used for the wastewater treatment of the foster shrimp of brackish water indoor high-density of salinity 5～15 ‰.
When brackish water becomes a mandarin the sea by rivers fresh water and sea water mixing form coastal river mouth brackish water aboundresources.Therefore the fresh water that utilizes brackish water to be consumed in replacing culturing is the active demand of shrimp culture industry sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of brackish water artificial swamp indoor culture prawn.
Technical scheme of the present invention adopts shrimp-cultivation pool, artificial swamp; The oxygen system that outfit is made up of air pump, tracheae and gas head; It is indoor to it is characterized in that shrimp-cultivation pool is located at, and shrimp-cultivation pool and artificial swamp are communicated with pipeline from beginning to end, more than the height of water 1m between shrimp-cultivation pool and artificial swamp; Hang the net sheet in the shrimp-cultivation pool, the bait observation platform is set, place the gas head in the shrimp-cultivation pool, it is 1～1.5/m that the gas head is placed density
2, the plastic film that anti-shrimp jumps out is built in the pool wall top of shrimp-cultivation pool; Plantation salt tolerant wetland plant in the artificial swamp, artificial swamp is by the different floristic artificial swamp tandem compounds of a plurality of plantations, and each artificial swamp is only planted a kind of wetland plant; At the artificial swamp end collecting basin is set, is provided with the gas head in collecting basin is established, collecting basin adopts the miniature immersible pump water lift to be back to shrimp-cultivation pool; Prawn breeding density 400-450 tail/m in the shrimp-cultivation pool
2Bait is with prawn slice, opening material, 0
#-3
#The prawn manufactured feed is rotated in due order, during the breed every day total throw the abundance of food be shrimp heavy 3%～5%, put seedling in initial 6 weeks every days throw something and feed 6 times, put 6 week of seedling back and throw something and feed 4 times every day, regularly observe the ingesting of shrimp, active situation every day, increase and decrease according to the situation of ingesting; The water level 50cm of shrimp-cultivation pool when putting seedling; Added water 10cm since the 3rd day every day, fill it up with, put the 10th day beginning wetland circulation behind the seedling to putting Miao Yizhou; Breeding wastewater to shrimp-cultivation pool is handled; Putting seedling after 10 days～in the 6th week, water circulation rate is controlled at 60% every day, put behind the seedling the 6th week back～9 water circulation rate every day in week be controlled at 90-100%, put behind the seedling the 9th week back water circulation rate every day at 130-150%; And use quicklime to keep pH in the 7.5-8.5 scope every other day, put rose in the 9th week behind the seedling every day to shrimp-cultivation pool inhale the end once, every two weeks cleans the composite vertical current artificial wetland of a wetland front end, regularly mends the water yield of loss in addition; The 8th week began after putting seedling, and wetland plant is pruned off, pruned off once in 15～20 days.The prawn individuality of culturing reaches to begin more than the 11cm prawn land used cage in the shrimp-cultivation pool taken turns catches.
The present invention is that a plurality of series connection brackish water artificial swamps are adopted in water treatment with respect to the outstanding feature of prior art; Foster shrimp brackish water waste water after the processing reaches China's fishery water standard; Reduce the waste water of shrimp breeding discharging; The protection water environment has the function of ecological, environmental protective, realizes the sustainable development of shrimp culture industry; Adopt the brackish water aquaculture prawn, improve the quality of cultured prawn, practiced thrift a large amount of freshwater resources; The indoor high-density cultured prawn can reach 5-6Kg/m
2Output, support shrimp 0.5-1Kg/m with respect to traditional pond
2Output obviously much higher; Produce 1Kg shrimp water in 400-600 rises scope, the water consumption of supporting shrimp 20000L with respect to traditional pond is obviously much lower; Cut off because of changing the generation of the shrimp disease that water causes; Have small investment, easy and simple to handle, easy to maintenance, water saving, energy-conservation, low-carbon (LC), efficient, remarkable result that system operation cost is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of brackish water composite vertical current artificial wetland.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the compound horizontal flow artificial wetland of brackish water.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that the indoor high-density of brackish water combined artificial wetland is supported the shrimp facility.
Embodiment
The present invention's (referring to accompanying drawing) shrimp-cultivation pool 15 is located at indoor; Adopting 4～6 main body specifications is the mixed brick structure shrimp-cultivation pool parallel connection of 12.80m * 3.43m * 1.20m; Hang 2～3 nylon mesh sheets in the shrimp-cultivation pool and supply prawn to perch, 2～3 bait observation platforms are set in the shrimp-cultivation pool, to observe the situation of ingesting of shrimp; The density of placing the gas head in the oxygen system that outfit is made up of air pump 16, tracheae 17 and gas head, shrimp-cultivation pool is 1～1.5/m
2, to guarantee the enough oxygen of prawn; With individual the growing up of prawn; Prawn is prone to irriate and spring takes place and cause prawn to jump out outside the shrimp-cultivation pool; The anti-shrimp of plastic film that can above the pool wall of shrimp-cultivation pool, build height 40cm jumps out, and above shrimp-cultivation pool, takes a warming canopy and can be used for ventilating or keeping preference temperature; Before putting seedling shrimp-cultivation pool is cleaned earlier, sterilizes, adopt the smart 20～30ppm full pond band water sterilization of bleaching to soak 48 hours, and then clean, before the use, dry 2-3 days, let chlorine residue thoroughly volatilize.
Artificial swamp is the tandem compound of a composite vertical current artificial wetland 11 and a plurality of compound horizontal flow artificial wetlands, and artificial swamp and shrimp-cultivation pool total area ratio are 1.14: 1; Composite vertical current artificial wetland is divided into downstream wetland and upstream wetland two parts, and the centre separates with partition wall 4, the corallite 3 of shop 0.68m thickness in the composite vertical current artificial wetland; It is that the diameter of 10-20mm microlith sublayer 7, thickness 0.20m is that the diameter of the big stone layer of 30-50mm 8, thickness 0.25m is a 80-100mm road slag blanket 9 that compound horizontal flow artificial wetland is spread diameter with 0.10m thickness respectively from top to bottom successively; Plantation salt tolerant wetland plant 2 in the artificial swamp, like reed, spartina alterniflora loisel, extra large Mitsubishi, each artificial swamp is only planted a kind of wetland plant, and it is 20 strains/m that wetland plant is initially planted density
2, during to the breed end, plant density surpasses 100 strains/m
2
Collecting basin 13 of the terminal construction of artificial swamp; 2-3 gas head in establishing, collecting basin is set; Water behind the wetland purification is inflated before utilizing again; With the oxygen of compensation waste water of shrimp breeding through the wetland loss, increase the dissolved oxygen content of water body, collecting basin adopts miniature immersible pump 14 water lifts to be back to shrimp-cultivation pool.
Shrimp-cultivation pool and artificial swamp are communicated with pipeline from beginning to end; Shrimp-cultivation pool water gets into composite vertical current artificial wetland from composite vertical current artificial wetland water inlet 1; Behind downstream wetland, upstream wetland, come out by composite vertical current artificial wetland delivery port 5; Get into compound horizontal flow artificial wetland 12 from horizontal flow artificial wetland water inlet pipe 6 then; Waste water flows to the terminal collecting basin 13 of wetland through horizontal flow artificial wetland outlet pipe 10 after purifying through horizontal flow artificial wetland.
Shrimp-cultivation pool water level 50cm when prawn is put in a suitable place to breed, more than the height of water 1m between shrimp-cultivation pool and artificial swamp, shrimp-cultivation pool water arrives artificial swamp through flow by gravity; The shrimp-cultivation pool water is that local salinity is 5-15 ‰ a river mouth water, preferably filters through deposition 48 hours, the strong chlorine decontamination of 0.3ppm, aeration 48 hours, rich water 3-5 days, 150 mesh sieve tulles before the use; Put behind the seedling beginning in the 3rd day and add water 10cm every day; Fill it up with to putting Miao Yizhou, put the 10th day beginning wetland circulation behind the seedling, the breeding wastewater of shrimp-cultivation pool is handled; Putting seedling after 10 days～in the 6th week, water circulation rate is controlled at 60% every day; Put behind the seedling the 6th～9 every day in week water circulation rate be controlled at 90-100%, put behind the seedling the 9th week back water circulation rate every day at 130-150% and use quicklime to keep pH in the 7.5-8.5 scope every other day, put to rise in the 9th week behind the seedling and every day shrimp-cultivation pool inhaled the end and remove ight soil; Every two weeks recoils to composite vertical current artificial wetland and cleans once, to avoid a large amount of shrimp ight soil that the space of wetland is stopped up and to cause current obstructed; Breeding wastewater, through after the processing of artificial swamp, major pollutants index clearance can both keep more than 60%, and waste water all reaches national fishery cultivating water supply standard through behind the wetland purification.In time replenish for whole system is cleaned the water yield of losing because of evaporation, the suction end and recoil, every day, magnitude of recruitment was generally the 1-2% of whole system Total Water.
Put seedling generally about June, water temperature reaches more than 22 ℃ in the shrimp-cultivation pool; Per two weeks are detected each water quality of culturing pond and the cycle water import and export of breed pond, and in time according to detecting data the cycling rate of every day are adjusted.Put shrimp seedling specification in a suitable place to breed about 10mm, breeding density 400-450 tail/m
2Bait is with prawn slice, opening material, 0
#-3
#The prawn manufactured feed is rotated in due order, and the content of prawn manufactured feed crude protein is greater than 41%; During the breed every day total throw the abundance of food be shrimp heavy 3%～5%, put seedling in initial 6 weeks every days throw something and feed 6 times, put 6 week of seedling back and throw something and feed 4 times every day, regularly observe the ingesting of shrimp, active situation every day, increase and decrease according to the situation of ingesting; Per two weeks are carried out the measurement of body weight gain to each prawn of culturing the pond, understand the prawn growing state, and according to measurement data, the prawn bearing capacity of culturing in the pond are estimated, then according to estimation, come further to instruct the daily ration, feeding quantity of every day.
The 8th week began after putting seedling; Wetland plant is pruned off, and overstocked plant density can cause the stagnant length of wetland plant, in order to keep the vigorous growth of wetland plant; Realize power conversion and shift out; As often as possible absorb the nutriment in the breeding wastewater, in time prune off, pruned off once in 15～20 days wetland plant.
After culturing about 95-100 days, the fast prawn individuality of growing has reached more than the 11cm, at this moment takes turns and catches culturing prawn in the pond with regard to beginning; Fishing for the prawn of big individuality sells in advance; Wheel is caught and is adopted the ground cage, and mesh is adjusted according to the individual size of prawn, catches end to culturing the 115-120 head sheave; Last all rising caught, and draws in the net to do then the pond earlier.Through 113 days breed, obtained culture efficiency preferably.The average specification of results prawn is 20.10g, 11.10cm, results shrimp gross weight 1076.85Kg, and feed coefficient is 1.08, and survival rate is 77.97%, and growth rate is 1.25g/ week, and specific yield is 5.69Kg/m
2, 5.27Kg/m
3Producing 1Kg shrimp water consumption is about 550 liters.
Claims (5)
1. the method for brackish water artificial swamp indoor culture prawn; Adopt shrimp-cultivation pool, artificial swamp; The oxygen system that outfit is made up of air pump, tracheae and gas head, it is indoor to it is characterized in that shrimp-cultivation pool is located at, and shrimp-cultivation pool and artificial swamp are communicated with pipeline from beginning to end; More than the height of water 1m between shrimp-cultivation pool and artificial swamp, shrimp-cultivation pool water level 50cm when putting in a suitable place to breed; Hang the net sheet in the shrimp-cultivation pool, the bait observation platform is set, place the gas head in the shrimp-cultivation pool, it is 1～1.5/m that the gas head is placed density
2, the plastic film that anti-shrimp jumps out is built in the pool wall top of shrimp-cultivation pool; Plantation salt tolerant wetland plant in the artificial swamp, artificial swamp is by the different floristic artificial swamp tandem compounds of a plurality of plantations, and each artificial swamp is only planted a kind of wetland plant; At the artificial swamp end collecting basin is set, is provided with the gas head in collecting basin is established, collecting basin adopts the miniature immersible pump water lift to be back to shrimp-cultivation pool; Prawn breeding density 400-450 tail/m in the shrimp-cultivation pool
2Bait is with prawn slice, opening material, 0
#-3
#The prawn manufactured feed is rotated in due order, during the breed every day total throw the abundance of food be shrimp heavy 3%～5%, put seedling in initial 6 weeks every days throw something and feed 6 times, put 6 week of seedling back and throw something and feed 4 times every day, regularly observe the situation of ingesting of shrimp every day, increase and decrease according to the situation of ingesting; Put behind the seedling beginning in the 3rd day and add water 10cm every day; Fill it up with to putting Miao Yizhou, put the 10th day beginning wetland circulation behind the seedling, the breeding wastewater of shrimp-cultivation pool is handled; Putting seedling after 10 days～in the 6th week, water circulation rate is controlled at 60% every day; Put behind the seedling the 6th week back～9 water circulation rate every day in week be controlled at 90-100%, put behind the seedling the 9th week back water circulation rate every day at 130-150% and use quicklime to keep pH in the 7.5-8.5 scope every other day, put to rise in the 9th week behind the seedling and inhale at the end every day; Every two weeks cleans once, regularly mends the water yield of loss; The 8th week began after putting seedling, and wetland plant is pruned off, pruned off once in 15～20 days.
2. the method for brackish water artificial swamp indoor culture prawn according to claim 1; Before it is characterized in that putting seedling shrimp-cultivation pool is cleaned earlier, sterilizes, adopt the smart 20～30ppm full pond band water sterilization of bleaching to soak 48 hours, and then clean; Before the use, dry 2～3 days.
3. the method for brackish water artificial swamp indoor culture prawn according to claim 1; It is characterized in that artificial swamp is the tandem compound of a composite vertical current artificial wetland and a plurality of compound horizontal flow artificial wetlands, artificial swamp and shrimp-cultivation pool total area ratio are 1.14: 1; Composite vertical current artificial wetland is divided into downstream wetland and upstream wetland two parts, and the centre separates with partition wall, the corallite of shop 0.68m thickness in the composite vertical current artificial wetland; It is that the diameter of 10-20mm microlith sublayer, thickness 0.20m is that the diameter of big stone layer of 30-50mm and thickness 0.25m is a 80-100mm road slag blanket that compound horizontal flow artificial wetland is spread diameter with 0.10m thickness respectively from top to bottom successively.
4. the method for brackish water artificial swamp indoor culture prawn according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the shrimp-cultivation pool water is that local salinity is 5-15 ‰ a river mouth water, filter through deposition 48 hours, the strong chlorine decontamination of 0.3ppm, aeration 48 hours, rich water 3-5 days, 150 mesh sieve tulles.
5. the method for brackish water artificial swamp indoor culture prawn according to claim 1 is characterized in that putting seedling water temperature in the June shrimp-cultivation pool and reaches more than 22 ℃.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103688897A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-02 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | High-elevation oxygenation aquaculture system |
| CN103960173A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2014-08-06 | 上海市水产研究所 | Brackish-water ecological cultivation technology for Yangtze-river two-year-old coilia ectenes fingerlings and exopalaemon carinicauda |
| CN104542426A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Recycling method of water for breeding penaeus vannamei boone in greenhouse |
| CN105123577A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2015-12-09 | 宁波市海洋与渔业研究院 | Prawn and sinonovacula-constricta closed circulating culturing system |
| CN103843706B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-02-03 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | A kind of Penaeus Vannmei ecological cultivation system |
| CN108293921A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-07-20 | 佛山市南海通威水产科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method and its system of the semi-enclosed recirculated water of juvenile tilapia |
| CN109463328A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-15 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Prawn agriculture feelings information intelligent acquisition system and its control method based on big data analysis and excavation |
| CN113349120A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-09-07 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for ecologically and intensively culturing prawns by circulating water and culture system thereof |
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| CN103960173A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2014-08-06 | 上海市水产研究所 | Brackish-water ecological cultivation technology for Yangtze-river two-year-old coilia ectenes fingerlings and exopalaemon carinicauda |
| CN103960173B (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2015-11-18 | 上海市水产研究所 | Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River young fish of two years, fingerlings of two years and Exopalaemon carinicauda brackish water ecological culturex |
| CN103688897A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-02 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | High-elevation oxygenation aquaculture system |
| CN103843706B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-02-03 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | A kind of Penaeus Vannmei ecological cultivation system |
| CN104542426A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Recycling method of water for breeding penaeus vannamei boone in greenhouse |
| CN105123577A (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2015-12-09 | 宁波市海洋与渔业研究院 | Prawn and sinonovacula-constricta closed circulating culturing system |
| CN108293921A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-07-20 | 佛山市南海通威水产科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method and its system of the semi-enclosed recirculated water of juvenile tilapia |
| CN109463328A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-15 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Prawn agriculture feelings information intelligent acquisition system and its control method based on big data analysis and excavation |
| CN109463328B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2021-10-08 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Prawn farming information intelligent acquisition system based on big data analysis and mining and control method thereof |
| CN113349120A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-09-07 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for ecologically and intensively culturing prawns by circulating water and culture system thereof |
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