CN101023741A - Pool culturing composite system with water-saving and safety function - Google Patents
Pool culturing composite system with water-saving and safety function Download PDFInfo
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- CN101023741A CN101023741A CNA2007100517408A CN200710051740A CN101023741A CN 101023741 A CN101023741 A CN 101023741A CN A2007100517408 A CNA2007100517408 A CN A2007100517408A CN 200710051740 A CN200710051740 A CN 200710051740A CN 101023741 A CN101023741 A CN 101023741A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
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- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a pond cultivation combination system with water-saving and safety function, belonging to the field of aquaculture technology. Said system is composed of fish pond, artificial wet land and canal which are mutually communicated by means of water flow. The fish pond, artificial wet land and canal are successively series-connected so as to form the invented stereoscopic multi-stage utilized, closed and circulated pond cultivation combination system. It is characterized by that it can make waste water of fish pond be passed through artificial wet land and canal to purify water quality, increase dissolved oxyger and change static water of fish pond into microflow water to make cultivation so as to attain the goal of implementing high-effective cultivation of fishes and saving water resources.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of pond culture system, particularly a kind of pool culturing composite system that has water saving and security function concurrently, genus technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology:
In China, pond culture has not only been made huge contribution for the solution people eats the fish difficulty as the main body of culture fishery, and has become the surging industry that solves agriculture, rural areas and farmers problem, New Countryside Construction.According to statistics, the pond culture area accounted for 42.9% of freshwater aquiculture area in 2005, and cultured output accounts for 70.3% of freshwater aquiculture output.Yet over the past thousands of years, China's pond culture is adopted through arrangement or the production of breeding fish of the less hydrostatic water body of hand excavation's area always, but there is following drawback in this traditional pond breeding way:
(1), breeding technique is relative with technology backward
China's tradition pond breed variety mainly is " four large Chinese carps " such as green grass or young crops, grass, silver carp, flatheads.At " four large Chinese carps " breed characteristics, the breeding technique that under the technical conditions of " rich water is breeded fish ", designs for increase output.Nutriments such as water body nitrogen, phosphorus constantly increase in the breeding process, after the water body overnutritionization becomes " old water ", with the way of changing water aquaculture wastewater are discharged into the environment waters again.Water quality is limpid, nutrient accumulation is few but name, special, excellent high-quality fish require, the kind differences is bigger simultaneously, therefore the suitable high-quality and efficient requirement of the technology mode significant discomfort in pond " rich water is breeded fish ", traditional cultural technique have lagged behind the structure of Modern Fishery development and the needs that kind is adjusted.
(2), water resource and matter energy can not effectively utilize
Under existing pond culture working condition, produce the waste of great lot of water resources and matter energy.Research data shows, the consumption of fish culture water is 10-15 cubic meter/kilogram fish, 13% protein in the breeding feed, 8% fat, 40% carbohydrate and 23% dry matter are discharged as metabolite by fish, finally be accumulated in the breeding water body, breeding water body has been become eutrophy waste water.In order to satisfy the pond culture fish to water quality and ecological requirement, constantly replacing, discharging breeding wastewater cause a large amount of wastes and the loss that can utilize the goods and materials energy of freshwater resources.
(3), aquatic product quality security presence major hidden danger
Because the raising of existing pond culture system and cultured output is incompatible, causes disease serious.Lack efficient, low toxicity, aquatic products medication with strong points simultaneously, the commercialized vaccine that is suitable for extensive shoal of fish immunity inoculation also is in space state.And the phenomenon of the various antibiotic that use in the actual breeding production, steroids and high residue chemicals has not been some phenomena; Medication is lack of standardization, science not, causes the problem of aquatic products medicament residue to become the focus of domestic and international concern.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to; a kind of deficiency that above-mentioned traditional pond cultivating system exists that overcomes is provided; changing fishpond hydrostatic breed is that miniflow water is cultured; and fishpond water quality is constantly purified by artificial swamp and ecological canal; when realizing the high-quality and efficient healthy aquaculture of fish; the protection water environment, the pool culturing composite system of realization sustainable utilization of water resource.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose by following technical solution:
This pool culturing composite system that has water saving and security function concurrently is made up of fishpond, artificial swamp and irrigation canals and ditches three parts, it is characterized in that: be carrier with current between fishpond, artificial swamp and the irrigation canals and ditches, tandem compound becomes solid successively, can multistage utilization and polynary production, the pool culturing composite system of closed circulation.Described fishpond can be the series connection of one or more ponds, and adjacent two ponds link to each other with culvert pipe during the series connection of a plurality of ponds; Artificial swamp can be one or more artificial swamp combinations, when a plurality of artificial swamps make up, can adopt the serial or parallel connection mode to combine, and by culvert pipe or water pump artificial swamp is introduced or risen to the fishpond upper water; The water outlet of artificial swamp directly enters irrigation canals and ditches by pipeline, by irrigation canals and ditches water is carried go back to the fishpond again.
Master in the described fishpond breeds fish and is famous-brand and high-quality breed variety, and as megalobrama amblycephala, yellow cartfish, California perch, U.S.'s channel catfish etc., its proportion is 70%-90%, joins when breeding fish to filter-feeding fish such as silver carp flathead, and proportion is 10%-30%; When a plurality of fishpond was adopted in described fishpond, the culvert pipe water inlet of connection was positioned at the water body top area of dried up the 10cm-20cm in last fishpond, the culvert pipe delivery port be positioned at one pond, back far from end 30cm with the water body lower region.Described artificial swamp is made of inhalant region, bed tagma and exhalant region, inhalant region assembling tank, and the tank inboard is shaped on the sawtooth pattern opening; The bed tagma is made of impervious barrier, hypothallus, plant and microorganism; The exhalant region bottom is provided with the PVC collecting pipe that is shaped on perforation, and the PVC collecting pipe is connected with the vertical tube and the evacuated tube of regulating the wetland water level; Plant in the artificial swamp is selected well developed root system, biomass is big and have the beautification of landscape function humidogene or water plants are as iris, India canna, grass-leaved sweetflag, celery etc.; The homemade easy device that the set algae adheres to that is easy to is housed in the described irrigation canals and ditches; Should there be the above height of water of 50cm the delivery port of irrigation canals and ditches and the connection position in fishpond, are easy to make up the drop device.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
1, the purification of water quality unit is an artificial wet land system, and is not only simple in structure, and system purification is powerful, and quality of reused water can reach " fisheries water water standard " fully;
2, change the pond hydrostatic and culture to miniflow water and culture, make the pond culture system afflux water of structure breed fish and the advantage of traditional aqiuculrue in one, can significantly improve output capacity and increase economic benefit;
3, realize the breeding wastewater zero-emission, saved water resource, have tangible ecological environment benefit simultaneously;
4, system process is simple, and operational management is convenient, and natural quality is strong.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a kind of pool culturing composite system flow chart that has water saving and environment-friendly function concurrently;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of artificial swamp;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of tank;
Fig. 4 is that the A of Fig. 3 is to view;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation that culvert pipe UNICOM is adopted in a plurality of fishponds;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of drop device;
Fig. 7 is easy to the easy device structural representation that the set algae adheres to.
Among the figure: 1, fishpond, 2, artificial swamp, 3, irrigation canals and ditches, 4, culvert pipe, 5, water pump, 6, the drop device, 7, inhalant region, 8, the bed tagma, 9, exhalant region, 10, tank, 11, sawtooth pattern opening, 12, the PVC collecting pipe, 13, vertical tube, 14, evacuated tube, 15, be easy to the easy device that the set algae adheres to.
Embodiment:
Be further described as follows below in conjunction with specific embodiment to breeding process of the present invention:
This pool culturing composite system that has water saving and security function concurrently is made up of fishpond 1, artificial swamp 2 and irrigation canals and ditches 3 three parts, connect mutually by current, form the closed circulation flowing water type pond culture ecosystem thus, reached the purpose that relatively independent breeding is organically combined, effectively realize different interbiotic symbiosis mutualities of interest, break through traditional single pond culture mode (referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 7).
Famous-brand and high-quality fish culture is mainly carried out by five mouthfuls of end to end being composed in series in pond arranged side by side in fishpond 1 in the present embodiment; Artificial swamp 2 is formed by belonging to surperficial flow pattern artificial swamp (one-level wetland) and belonging to subsurface constructed wetland (secondary wetland), plays water quality adjustment and catharsis; Irrigation canals and ditches 3 also rise and recover wetland effluent dissolved oxygen and water quality purification function, so can be described as ecological ditch again except that working the function served as bridge that connects artificial swamp and fishpond 1.
Described fishpond 1 is for to be 1000m with culvert pipe 4 (referring to Fig. 5) with area
2Be rectangle, east-west, the multistage fishpond that five mouthfuls of ponds of depth of water 1.5m are composed in series mutually, the water inlet port of culvert pipe 4 is positioned at the oxygen enrichment zone, water body upper strata of dried up the 20cm in a pond, the water outlet port is positioned at next pond far from end 25cm water body lower floor anoxic zones, and the rest may be inferred in the connection in five mouthfuls of ponds.By flowing of water, the water of upper strata, last pond oxygen enrichment can be mixed with the water of back one pond lower floor anoxic, not only help the growth of fish on bottom layer, and help the metabolic conversion of pollutant.This fishpond 1 main U.S.'s channel catfish and hangnail Barb (yearlings of supporting, specification is respectively 25.6g/ tail and 9.8g/ tail, ratio is 3: 1, totally 2000 tails), join foster a small amount of filter-feeding fish silver carp flathead (fingerling then) and green grass or young crops, grass carp (yearlings), its blend proportion silver carp flathead: black carp: grass carp is 10: 1: 1, amounts to 500 tails, and the master breeds fish and joins the structure of breeding fish than 80%: 20%.
Described artificial swamp 2 is made of the subsurface constructed wetland of a surperficial flow pattern artificial swamp and one group of parallel connection, plays water quality adjustment and catharsis.
Surface flow pattern artificial swamp forms floor space 450m by a discarded pond reconstruction
2, depth of water 1.50m.Water plants such as plantation cattail, water chestnut in the pool, its plant planting area is controlled at 150m
2Promptly account for 1/3rd of wetland area, put filter-feeding silver carp, bighead kind 200 tails in a suitable place to breed, 10 kilograms in the former huge legendary turtle shrimp of Ke Shi seed, add algae-bacteria symbiotic system intrinsic in the pool, constitute surperficial flow pattern artificial swamp thus with multistage food chain structure, from suspension, ammonia nitrogen and oxide thereof in the waste water of multistage fishpond (nitric nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen), precipitation, absorption and conversion under the interception of water plants, algae and shrimp, simultaneously water plants can also absorbing carbon dioxide, keeps the certain pH value of water body.Because (flow is less than 0.0005 meter for existence of water plants and miniflow water
3/ decimetre
2) effect, surface flow pattern artificial swamp is under solar light irradiation, and the physicochemical character of water extremely is suitable for planktonic procreation growth, makes it except undertaking purification function, in fact still planktonic " workshop ", filter-feeding fish can further transform matter and energy.
Subsurface constructed wetland is 520m for utilizing the area in limit, pond
2Vacant lot make up and to form.Subsurface constructed wetland adopts two groups of parallel connections, and L * W * H (length * wide * height) is 30m * 8.5m * 0.6m to every group of size, and promptly aspect ratio is 3.5, and 5 ‰ (referring to Fig. 2) fall in the pond base slope.Along water (flow) direction, subsurface constructed wetland is divided into inhalant region 7, bed tagma 8 and exhalant region 9.
The concrete operation principle of present embodiment pool culturing composite system is as follows:
After the waste water in fishpond 1 entered artificial swamp 2, after through serial oxidation, aerobic biochemical reaction such as nitrated, wetland effluent dissolved oxygen content was often lower.Therefore, the reuse of realization water is breeded fish and must be recovered dissolved oxygen in water.Irrigation canals and ditches 3 can reach this purpose.Irrigation canals and ditches 3 big or small L * W * H (length * wide * height)=200m * 0.54m * 0.62m in the native system lays in the ditch and is easy to the easy device 15 (referring to Fig. 7) that the set algae adheres to, big or small L * W (long * wide)=1.00m * 0.53m.Under current and illumination condition, living algae and adhere to naturally, grow in a large number as meetings such as black born of the same parents algae, Mao Zhizao, bristle algaes.Nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter are when further obtaining removing in the wetland effluent, and dissolved oxygen in water is owing to algae photosynthesis is obviously recovered.The outlet of irrigation canals and ditches 3 and fishpond intersection have the drop greater than 50cm, and are shaped on drop device 6 (referring to Fig. 6), and flowing water and air contact area are increased, and allow air mix better with water, and dissolved oxygen in water can further be restored.In the native system, artificial swamp 2 go out water-soluble oxygen generally about 1mg/L, but after oxygenation of the set algae in irrigation canals and ditches 3 and the drop layer by layer, the dissolved oxygen that enters the water in pond reaches more than the 5mg/L, satisfies various fish culture requirements fully.
In order to determine effect of the present invention, experiment cultivating system of the present invention makes up on April 20th, 2006 and finishes, and artificial swamp is cultivated through one month breeding wastewater, and the plant of plantation survives gradually, also breeding in a large number of microorganism in the matrix simultaneously.Fingerling was thrown in the fishpond May 20, November 20, the dried pool gathered in the crops, and the whole culture-cycle is 213 days.In breeding process, account for the 5%-8% of pond Total Water through the water yield of artificial swamp exchange every day, running time be the morning 8:00 to 5:00 in afternoon, overcast and rainyly do not move.Establish contrast simultaneously and culture the pond, promptly contrast the pond and culture for static, other condition comprises putting structure, bait throwing in, feeding in a suitable place to breed and managing identical of fish.When finishing to breed, adopt cultivating system fish crop of the present invention average yield per mu to reach 1021.8kg, unblemished fish output accounts for more than 80%, and it is high by 32.6% to contrast pool output, and unblemished fish proportion is high by 40.6%, in whole breeding process, this system's fishpond water quality has reached " pollution-free food freshwater aquiculture water standard ", does not have the contagiosity fish disease to take place, and does not use any other drugs used in aquiculture except that quicklime, the breeding wastewater discharging is zero, and water-saving result is obvious.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of pool culturing composite system that has water saving and security function concurrently, it is made up of fishpond (1), artificial swamp (2) and irrigation canals and ditches (3) three parts, it is characterized in that: be carrier with current between fishpond (1), artificial swamp (2) and the irrigation canals and ditches (3), tandem compound becomes solid successively, can multistage utilization and polynary production, the pool culturing composite system of closed circulation.
2, the pool culturing composite system that has water saving and security function concurrently according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fishpond (1) can be the series connection of one or more ponds, and adjacent two ponds link to each other with culvert pipe (4) during the series connection of a plurality of ponds; Artificial swamp (2) can be one or more artificial swamp combinations, when a plurality of artificial swamps make up, can adopt the serial or parallel connection mode to combine, and by culvert pipe (4) or water pump (5) artificial swamp (2) is introduced or risen to the upper water in adjacent pond; The water outlet of artificial swamp (2) directly enters irrigation canals and ditches (3) by pipeline, by irrigation canals and ditches (3) water is carried go back to fishpond (1) again.
3, the pool culturing composite system that has water saving and security function concurrently according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when described fishpond (1) adopts a plurality of fishpond, the water inlet of the culvert pipe (4) that connects is positioned at the water body top area of dried up the 10cm-20cm in last fishpond, and the delivery port of culvert pipe (4) is positioned at the water body lower region of one pond, back far from end 30cm.
4, the pool culturing composite system that has water saving and security function concurrently according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described artificial swamp (2) is made of inhalant region (7), bed tagma (8) and exhalant region (9); Inhalant region (7) is equipped with tank (10), and tank (10) inboard is shaped on sawtooth pattern opening (11); Bed tagma (8) is made of impervious barrier, hypothallus, plant and microorganism; Exhalant region (9) bottom is provided with the PVC collecting pipe (12) that is shaped on perforation, and PVC collecting pipe (12) is connected with the vertical tube (13) and the evacuated tube (14) of regulating the wetland water level.
5, the pool culturing composite system that has water saving and security function concurrently according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the easy device (15) that is easy to the set algae and adheres to is housed in the described irrigation canals and ditches (3); Should there be the above height of water of 50cm the connection position of the delivery port of irrigation canals and ditches (3) and fishpond (1).
6, the pool culturing composite system that has water saving and security function concurrently according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the master in described fishpond (1) breeds fish and is the good breed variety of megalobrama amblycephala, California perch, yellow cartfish, U.S.'s channel catfish, proportion is 70%-90%, join the filter-feeding fish of breeding fish to the silver carp flathead, proportion is 10%-30%.
7, the pool culturing composite system that has water saving and security function concurrently according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the plant in the described artificial swamp (2) is the humidogene or the water plants of the big and tool beautification of landscape of well developed root system, biomass, comprises iris, beauty Jiao, grass-leaved sweetflag.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100517408A CN100418411C (en) | 2007-03-22 | 2007-03-22 | Pool culturing composite system with water-saving and safety function |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100517408A CN100418411C (en) | 2007-03-22 | 2007-03-22 | Pool culturing composite system with water-saving and safety function |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101023741A true CN101023741A (en) | 2007-08-29 |
| CN100418411C CN100418411C (en) | 2008-09-17 |
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