RU2137639C1 - Railway train emergency disk brake - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport. SUBSTANCE: brake has wheelset axle on which disk is rigidly secured, and brake shoes with friction linings hinge-mounted on ends of symmetrical U-shaped load-bearing lever made of material with thermally reversible memorized shape effect. Lever is installed on boss between posts of movable bracket capable of turning through angle "α" on axle and resting on bearing cross beam of train bogie frame. Support with pull-back spring and control rod is installed on posts above bracket boss. In released position, U-shaped load-bearing lever is turned through angle "α", and brake shoes are located over brake disk. EFFECT: provision of effective and reliable operation of brake owing to use of train kinetic energy in emergency. 4 dwg

Description

 The alleged invention relates to railway transport, and more particularly to disk brake systems of rolling stock, although it can be used in other mobile transport devices.

 Brakes are the main means to ensure the safety of trains and with their help the speed of the train is regulated on the route and during service and emergency stops.

 As is known, in such cases, to quench the speed of a train, the main form is frictional (mechanical) braking, i.e. braking with the help of the friction forces of the brake shoe when it acts directly on the surface of the brake disk of the wheelset.

 Such a frictional disc brake creates a braking torque applied to the wheelset by means of a brake disc rigidly mounted on the wheel axis and brake shoes, which is directed towards the rotation of the wheels of the rolling stock.

 The force of pressing the brake shoes is due to the pressure of the compressed air on the piston in the brake cylinder, which is transmitted to the brake shoes through a system of intermediate levers.

 Disc brakes belong to well-known analogs (see, for example: the book "Autobrakes", author V. M. Kazarintsev, ed. "Transport", M., 1974, pp. 12-13, Fig. 7 or "Reference book brakes ", ed." Transport ", M., 1975, p. 350, Fig. 212, or" Reference. Braking devices ", author MP Alexandrov et al., M., ed." Mechanical Engineering ", 1985, p. 167, Fig. 4.19), which allows you to free the wheels of rolling stock cars from thermal stress during braking.

 Such a brake contains rigidly mounted disks on the wheelset axis, onto which the brake shoes are transmitted from the brake cylinder via intermediate levers.

 The brake cylinders and intermediate levers are mounted on the supporting transverse beam of the frame of the wheel trolley, and the brake shoes are located on the sides of the brake disc, on paired tick-type levers are suspended on special brackets also rigidly mounted on the transverse beam of the trolley.

 The main disadvantages of such a braking device are: a) the device is difficult in design because it includes a whole range of additional devices: main pipeline, air distributors, compressor, compressor drive, various tanks, cranes, gaskets, etc.; b) to control the device requires a complex, branched electrical connection (circuit) and power sources: batteries, generators, etc .; c) in a part of the composition that has separated from one another, such a brake becomes inoperative; d) requires a lot of space for its installation; e) the presence of many and complex elements reduces reliability and increases the cost of construction.

 Closest in its technical essence to the proposed technical solution is a disc brake of high-speed rolling stock according to the patent of the Russian Federation N 2044668, class. 6 В 61 H 5/00, 1995, in which the power drive is a power lever made in the form of a symmetrical U-shaped lever, made of a material with a reversible thermal shape memory, on the middle of each arm of which electric heating elements are installed, and on free ends - shoes with friction pads, on the sides of the brake disc.

 The U-shaped power lever is mounted on a stationary bracket, which is rigidly connected to the supporting transverse beam of the wheel trolley frame (see Fig. 1; 2 and 3 of RF patent N 2044668).

 The disadvantages of such a disk brake include, first of all, the need for the brake control to have power supply for electric heating elements, which in conditions, for example, in an emergency, is not always possible. For example, if one or several wagons disconnected (came off) (emergency situation) and the brake power supply circuit was naturally broken, and the wagon (s) go downhill, increasing speed, then the threat of a severe accident in this case is very real.

 Thus, the well-known prototype according to the patent of the Russian Federation N 2044668 for 1995, with all its advantages and good work in normal mode, does not fully provide the safety conditions for the movement of rolling stock in an emergency.

 The objective of the proposed invention is the creation of an emergency disk brake rolling stock free from the described disadvantage, i.e. the creation of such a brake, which would effectively and reliably work due to the kinetic energy of the movement of the rolling stock itself in an emergency and would absolutely not need any additional energy resources (for example, neither electricity nor compressed air).

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the proposed device contains a brake disc mounted on the axis of the wheelset, and brake shoes with friction linings pivotally mounted at the ends of a symmetrical U-shaped power lever made of a material with a reversible thermally shaped memory serving as a power drive of the brake, which is mounted on the boss of the bracket, and the specified bracket of the U-shaped power lever is movable, with the possibility of rotation on the transverse axis at a certain angle α, contains additional ADDITIONAL balancing its cargo and rack kinematically connected with a return spring and a control rod connected mechanically (pivotably) comprising a lever.

 In addition, the brake shoes are made of metal with high thermal conductivity and have symmetrical bevels on their lower, inner entry part, and the brake disc has rounded sharp edges along its entire perimeter (circumference) on both sides.

 The novelty of the invention lies in the fact that instead of electric heaters on the parallel shoulders of the U-shaped lever, which serve to heat it when braking in a known solution, the heating of the symmetrical U-shaped power lever from a material with reversible thermal shape memory in the proposed solution is carried out directly by the rotating brake disk due to friction of the brake shoes on the end (side) surfaces of the specified disk when braking the rolling stock.

 The significance of the differences lies in the fact that due to the presence of a swivel bracket on the transverse axis, with the possibility of rotation through a certain angle α and a balancing weight on it, as well as a rack kinematically connected with the return spring and the control rod, a new property appears - the active braking force, which occurs when the rotating brake disc contacts brake shoes at the moment of braking.

 This property allows for effective braking of rolling stock in an emergency in the absence of electricity, manually, using, for example, a lever with a handle through the control rod when all other braking systems do not work.

 If necessary, in a normal situation, to increase the efficiency and convenience, the possibility of duplicating manual control by remote control, including the brake from the driver’s cab, is not excluded, for which the control rod must be influenced, for example, by means of an electromagnet or a rod from the piston of an air cylinder or another way.

 It should also be noted that the presence of an emergency disk brake of the rolling stock does not exclude the use and parallel operation of other known brake devices, but only supplements them in an emergency, increasing the safety and reliability of the rolling stock.

 The technical and economic advantages of the proposed technical solution include the following: e) there is no need for braking in a special power supply: power supply, pneumatic system, etc .; g) the design of the entire brake system is simplified: there is no need for air ducts, pneumatic cylinders, compressors, etc .; h) increased reliability during braking in an emergency; i) the device is vibration-resistant; j) simplified maintenance during operation and repair.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows the proposed brake device in side view in the initial position (i.e., before the brake is applied); in FIG. 2 shows a part of the brake device in the direction of arrow A; in FIG. 3 shows a brake device in a side view at the time of braking (i.e., in the engaged position of the brake); figure 4 shows the brake device in a plan view at the time of braking (i.e., in the engaged position of the brake);
In the drawing, the letters indicate:
ω is the direction of rotation of the brake disc;
P is the force pressing the power lever during braking to the bracket;
K _t - brake shoe pressing force;
Q is the mass of the balancing load;
B - distance (clearance) between the brake shoes in the initial position of the brake;
B is the thickness (width) of the brake disc;
α is the angle of rotation of the bracket;
G - the direction of movement of the control rod when the brake;
D - the direction of movement of the control rod when the brake is turned off;
r is the radius of rounding of sharp edges around the perimeter of the brake disc;
E - direction of rotation of the bracket when turned on;
Fn - spring return forces.

 The proposed emergency disk brake of the rolling stock (see Fig. 1; 2; 3 and 4) contains the axle 1 of the wheelset on which the brake disk 2 is rigidly mounted with a thickness (width) B, having rounded sharp edges with a radius (circumference) of radius " r "

 On the horizontal axis (line) of symmetry in a top view (see Fig. 4) common with the brake disc 2, on the movable bracket 3, with a boss 4 and columns 5 rigidly mounted (for example, welded), a symmetrical U-shaped power lever 6 made of a material with a reversible thermal shape memory (for example, from a nickel-titanium alloy).

 The movable bracket 3 is mounted on the supporting transverse beam 7 of the frame of the rolling stock carriage and is pivotally connected to it using the transverse axis 8. The bracket 3 has a U-shape in cross section and is located asymmetrically with respect to the vertical axis (see Figs. 1 and 3): most of it 9 is located towards the brake disc 2, and the smaller, opposite to it, goes into the lever 10 (which can be made integral with the bracket 3 or rigidly welded to it), on which an adjustable balancing weight 11 (balancer) of mass Q is fixed, with p with the help of a fastening element 12 (for example, a bolt, a screw).

 Above the greater part 9 of the bracket 3, on the transverse beam 7 of the frame of the rolling stock carriage, a support base 13 with a shock-absorbing pad 14 (for example, made of rubber) is rigidly mounted. Above the boss 4, on the columns 5, with the help of fastening elements 12, a stand 15 is installed with a return spring 16 and a control rod 17 with a control lever pivotally connected to it (not shown in the drawing). At the free ends of the symmetrical U-shaped power arm 6, with the help of the axes 18, the brake shoes 19 with friction linings 20 are pivotally mounted. The brake shoes 19 on their lower entry part (see Fig. 2) have symmetrical bevels 21, and the distance B (clearance ) between them in the initial position of the brake is equal to or slightly less than B - the thickness (width) of the brake disc 2 (i.e., B ≤ C). The brake shoes 19 are made of metal with high thermal conductivity (for example, bronze, silumin, brass, etc.).

 The boss 4, the columns 5, the stand 15 and the horizontal surface of the bracket 3 are insulated (from the side of the U-reverse power arm 6) with solid thermal insulation (for example, from Teflon).

 The brake device is assembled (only without a return spring 16 and rod 17) balanced (balanced) on the transverse axis 8 using an adjustable balancing weight 11, which is then fixed by the fastening elements 12. Then the brake device is installed in place, in the initial position on the axis 8 (see Fig. 1), which is fixed, for example, with cotter pins or pins 22, and then a spring 16 with a preload and a control rod 17 that is connected to the column 15 pivotally with an axis is attached to the rack 15 of the bracket 3 23.

 In this case, the return spring 16, by its force Fn, presses the bracket 3 against the adjustable support element 24 (for example, a lock bolt with a nut), which is mounted on the transverse beam 7 of the frame of the rolling stock carriage and thus fixes the brake device in its initial position, and the bracket 3 are rotated through an angle α relative to its horizontal axis.

 The proposed balanced braking device is vibration and shock resistant, which is an absolutely necessary quality for rolling stock.

 During operation (see Fig. 1; 2; 3 and 4) at the initial moment, using, for example, a brake lever with a handle (not shown in the drawing), the control rod 17 moves along arrow D and the bracket 3, stretching the return spring 16 , rotates (counterclockwise) in the direction of the arrow E on the axis 8, while the rotating brake disc 2 falls between the bevels 21 of the brake shoes 19 and is further rotated, slightly pushing the ends of the U-shaped power lever 6, with a small effort enters between the brake shoes 19 s pads 20 (for example, how a knife knife goes between ubok).

 Then, as a result of further interaction of the friction forces between the friction linings 20 of the brake shoes 19 and the forces of the brake disk 2 rotating along the arrow ω, the brake disk 2 produces a force P, which moves the U-shaped power lever 6 with the bracket 3 to the final horizontal position (see Fig. 3) as a result of which the bracket 3 rests, for the most part, 9 on the support base 13 with a shock-absorbing pad 14.

 Since from the moment the brake shoes 19 touch the ends (sides) of the brake disk 2, as a result of friction, there is a dynamic increase in heat and intensive heating of the brake shoes 19, which are made of metal with high thermal conductivity, they transfer their heat to the U-shaped power lever 6.

 When a certain temperature increase is reached, which is stored in the memory of the shape of the U-shaped power lever 6, its free ends will tend to converge together (this shape at this elevated temperature is laid in the manufacture and molding of the U-shaped power lever 6) and at the same time on the brake shoes 19 there will be maximum depressions of the braking forces "CT".

 As a result of this, the brake shoes 19, through the friction linings 20, clamp the end (side) surfaces of the brake disk 2 and prevent it from rotating in the direction of rotation ω (see Figs. 3 and 4), thereby braking the wheelset.

 The braking forces Km are very significant and fully provide the necessary pressing during braking, and at the time of braking, the forces P press the U-shaped power lever 6 against the bracket 3, which transfers them to the supporting transverse beam 7 of the frame of the rolling stock carriage through the support base 13 with a shock-absorbing pad 14 .

 Since the proposed disk brake of the rolling stock is emergency in purpose, the braking is performed until the rolling stock stops completely.

 After the rolling stock stops, the U-shaped power arm 6 is naturally cooled due to air convection (although artificial forced cooling with air or water is possible if necessary), as a result of which, having cooled to the initial lowered temperature, also embedded in the thermal shape memory, U -shaped power lever 6, having removed the braking forces KT, will return to its original starting position (see Fig. 1) under the influence of a return spring 16.

 This happens because the mechanical connection between the friction linings 20 and the end (side) surfaces of the stopped brake disc 2 due to friction between them will now be insignificant and the return spring 16 with a force Fn will turn the bracket 3 by an angle α clockwise and it will rest against its rear bevel into the supporting adjustable element 24, i.e. will be set to its original position. In this case, the control rod 17 will move along the arrow D and set the brake lever with the handle to its original initial position.

 It is possible to return to the initial position manually, by manually moving the brake lever with the handle to the original initial position. It is also possible additional mechanical locking of the brake lever handle in the initial position with the help of a bracket, latch, retainer, lock, wire with a seal, etc. from accidental switching on.

 It is most rational to use the proposed technical solution for its intended purpose, that is, as an emergency brake of rolling stock in railway transport, although it can also work on other ground modes of transport. The proposed emergency disk brake of the rolling stock due to its compactness and due to the lack of need for additional energy during braking can be installed in each car of the rolling stock, which will significantly increase the braking efficiency and, as a result, the safety of passengers and cargo.

 The implementation of the proposed technical solution, taking into account all of the above advantages (see points: "e", "g", "s", "and", "k") will give a significant technical and economic effect.

Claims (1)

 An emergency disk brake of a rolling stock containing a disk mounted on the axis of the wheelset and brake shoes with friction linings pivotally mounted at the ends of a symmetrical U-shaped power lever made of material with a thermally reversible shape memory serving as a brake power drive that is mounted on the boss of the bracket, characterized in that the specified bracket U-shaped power arm is movable with the possibility of rotation on the transverse axis at a certain angle α and additionally contains balancing its load and the rack kinematically connected with the return spring and the control rod, moreover, the brake shoes in their lower, inner entry part contain symmetrical bevels, and the brake disk has rounded edges on the entire outer perimeter on both sides.

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