RU2136104C1 - Electric drive for vehicles with autonomous power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: electric drive comprises step electric motor which power supply is provided through electronic gate by time setter and controller, which is designed as pulse generator, which parameters are set by accelerator pedal. Moment and making angle of generator are synchronized by making angle detector which is mounted on electric motor. Preliminary accumulation is used for transmission of power from storage battery to electric motor. Conversion of electric power to movement is supplied by regeneration of magnetic field of motor coil. Motor coil winding is made from aluminum. Teeth of stator and rotor are rectangular; their width is not greater than half of slots. All magnetic circuits are made from material with high initial magnetic permeability and minimal losses. EFFECT: increased efficiency of electric motor and storage battery, decreased weight and cost, increased operating torque and output power of electric drive. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to electrical engineering, specifically to the electric drive of vehicles with autonomous power sources.

 A known electric drive, including the transfer of energy from a power source to the engine and converting it into mechanical work, containing a power source, a DC motor with parallel excitation and ballasts [1].

 The disadvantage of this electric drive is the low efficiency of the transitional mode, characteristic of vehicles.

 Closest to the proposed one is an electric drive, including the transfer of battery energy to the engine and converting it into mechanical work, containing the battery, a stepper motor with a cylindrical coil inside the gear stator and a permanent magnet inside the gear rotor, an electronic key in the coil power circuit and a feed angle sensor pulses (collector-switch with brushes) [2].

 The disadvantages of this electric drive are low torque and limited power.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the engine and the battery, reducing their mass and cost, increasing the torque and power of the drive.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the electric drive, including the transmission of energy of the battery to the engine and converting it into mechanical work, containing the battery, a stepper motor with a cylindrical coil inside the gear stator, a gear rotor, an electronic key in the coil power circuit and a pulse angle sensor , the electronic key is switched by a timing and control device, while the switching time of the electronic key should not exceed half the time constant the ears of the engine, and the pulse angle sensor sets the required moment and the angle of the timing and control device, while the angle of inclination should not exceed the width of the tooth in degrees, the battery energy is transferred to the engine with preliminary accumulation, the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical work is carried out with regeneration magnetic field energy. As a timing and control device between the electronic key and the angle sensor, a pulse generator is included with a duration of not more than half the constant time of the engine coil and a repetition period of not more than the time when the angle sensor is turned on at the maximum engine speed set by the accelerator pedal as an energy storage between the storage battery and the motor through the inductance and the diode included storage capacitor, as a regenerating device of steam Along the motor coil opposite the supply current, a circuit is connected from the diode and inductance connected in series, while the rise time of the voltage across the capacitor and the decay time of the current in the motor coil must not exceed the pause time between the generator pulses, the motor coil is wound with an aluminum wire, the stator and rotor teeth are rectangular the shape and width of no more than half of the grooves, the rotor is made in the form of a cylindrical magnetic circuit, the stator, rotor and inductance cores are made of material with a high Coy initial permeability and minimal losses.

 In order to increase reliability, the impulse angle sensor is made non-contact using the Hall effect.

 In order to overlap the zone of absence of torque, the stepper motor can be made three-section with a shift of the sections within the step.

 In FIG. 1 shows a functional electric circuit of an electric drive; in FIG. 2 schematically shows a single-section stepping motor in a motor-wheel embodiment; in FIG. 3 - view of the engine from side A.

 The electric drive contains an AB battery, an inductor 1, a diode 2, a storage capacitor 3, an electronic switch 4, a pulse generator 5, a pulse angle sensor 6 (mounted on the engine), a diode 7, an inductor 8, an engine coil 9 (located inside the stator 10), the stepping motor of FIG. 2 with a cylindrical coil 9 inside a gear stator 10, a gear rotor 11 and a pulse angle sensor 6.

 The electric drive operates as follows. When the contactor "K" is turned on, due to the inductance 1, the capacitor 3 is smoothly charged with a minimum energy loss to double the voltage AB, while the diode 2 closes the current path in the opposite direction. When the pulse angle sensor 6 is turned on, the pulse generator 5 is turned on and the electronic key 4 is switched by its pulses until the sensor 6 and the generator 5 are turned off at the same time, while a pack of current pulses are fed into the motor coil 9, reducing the teeth of the rotor and stator (with increasing number engine speed, the number of pulses in the pack decreases to one at maximum speed). After each pulse (in pauses), the energy stored in the magnetic field of the coil 9, with the help of the diode 7 and inductance 8, smoothly with minimal losses goes into mechanical work (continues to reduce the teeth), thus the electromagnetic force bringing the teeth together is continuous during the switching angle sensor 6.

 The angle to the next tooth (groove) the rotor passes under the influence of energy forces or due to the three-section of the engine, then the process is repeated.

 Adjustment of the torque and engine speed is made by the timing and control device of the accelerator pedal controlled by changing the duty cycle of the supplied pulses. The engine reverse is made by switching the moment of switching on the sensor of the angle of impulses. When rotating clockwise (see Fig. 3), the sensor is turned on when the right edges of the rotor teeth coincide with the left edges of the stator teeth and vice versa when the left edges of the rotor teeth coincide with the right edges of the stator teeth when counterclockwise rotation.

 Depending on the particular type of transport, the stepping motor can be made in the form of a motor-wheel, transport with all the drive wheels, or in the form of a single engine with a central rotor and transmission of rotation to ordinary wheels through a transmission. One-section or three-section. In any design, it is preferable: a larger motor diameter is smaller, a larger number of steps (teeth) is smaller, a larger AB voltage is smaller.

 The proposed electric drive allows you to create electric vehicles using widespread and not expensive lead-acid batteries, on average an order of magnitude more economical than the existing electricity consumption (electricity consumption per unit mass of payload transported at an equal distance, for an equal time), which is also, on average, an order of magnitude , reduces the capacity, weight and cost of the onboard battery.

Sources of information
1. A collection of tasks on general electrical engineering edited by V.S. Pantyushina. Ed. the second Higher School, 1973, ch. 16, p. 277.

 2. Auth. St. USSR N 1140207, class H 02 K 37/00, 1985.

Claims (3)

 1. An electric drive of vehicles with autonomous power sources, comprising a storage battery, a stepping motor with a cylindrical coil inside the gear stator, a gear rotor, an electronic key in the power supply circuit of the coil and a pulse angle sensor, characterized in that the electronic key is switched in it by timing and control a device in which a pulse generator with a duration of not more than half the coil time constant is connected between the electronic key and the pulse angle sensor the engine and the repetition period of not more than the switch-on time of the aforementioned sensor at maximum engine speeds specified by the accelerator pedal, while the switch-on time of the electronic key must not exceed half the time constant of the engine coil, and the pulse angle sensor sets the required moment and turn-on angle of the timing and control device, at the same time, the inclusion angle should not exceed the width of the tooth in degrees, an energy storage device has been introduced, in which quality between the battery and the motor h Through the inductance and the diode, a capacitor is turned on, a regenerating device, in which a circuit from a series-connected diode and inductance is connected in parallel with the motor coil, while the rise time of the voltage across the capacitor and the decay time of the current in the motor coil should not exceed the pause duration between the generator pulses the motor coil is made of aluminum wire, the rotor is made in the form of a cylindrical magnetic circuit, the teeth of the stator and rotor are rectangular and Irina not more than half of the slots, the stator, the rotor and inductors cores made of a material having high initial permeability and minimal losses.  2. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the sensor of the angle of the pulse is made non-contact using the Hall effect.  3. The drive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in it the stepping motor can be made three-section with a shift of the sections within the step.

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