RU2135288C1 - Crusher for grinding low-strength materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: crusher contains body 1 with two parallel shafts 2 with beaters 4. Axle 6 is positioned between shafts. It carries moving grate bars 8 of triangular form. Arc-shaped stationary grate bars 5 are installed on side walls of body 1. During rotation of shafts 2 beaters 4 enter between moving 8 and stationary 5 grate bars with clearance. Beaters are turned through 120 deg with respect to each other. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 8 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to equipment for grinding low-strength materials, such as lump chalk, and can be used in mining, construction, chemical and other industries.

 A device for grinding material containing a crushing device made in the form of gears of rolls interacting with a grill assembled from elements fixed to the housing is known, the grill being sectional and each section of the grill installed between the wall of the housing and the roll of the crushing device, and the sections are offset relative to each other in the horizontal plane to the width of the lattice element (see ASF N 933107, CL B 02 C 4/08, BI N 21, 06/07/82).

 A disadvantage of the known device for grinding material is the low operational reliability due to wear and frequent outages of the grill.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the invention is a device for grinding material, comprising a housing with opposing grids placed on its inner surface, rolls with teeth with the possibility of counter-rotation, with disks mounted opposite to each other mounted on both rolls and each tooth of one roll is located in the perpendicular direction relative to the subsequent tooth of the other shaft (see A. p. N 1366203, class B 02 C 4/08, BI N 2, 01/15/08).

 The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low productivity due to the overlapping of the inlet with rollers with teeth and discs, which are also concentrators of sticking and jamming of materials with high viscosity and humidity.

 The problem to which the present invention is directed, is to increase the productivity of the crusher for grinding low-strength materials, such as lump chalk, with an open method of its development using an excavator.

To solve this problem, in a known crusher comprising a housing with two parallel counter-rotating shafts with beats mounted on them, entering with a gap between the beats of each of the shafts and between the stationary grates in the side walls of the housing, according to the invention, at the same distance between the rotating shafts with the axes with movable grid-irons entering with a gap between the beats of both rotating shafts are installed with the beaters, the fixed grid-irons being made arched, and the moving grid-irons - triangular forms, and each of the adjacent beaters of the rotating shafts are rotated relative to each other by 120 ^o .

In addition, the structural elements of the crusher and crushed material can be related by the following relationships;
L = 1.4 R; B = 0.8 R; d = 0.6 R; S = d _k ; δ = 0.8 d _k ,
where L is the distance between the centers of the axis and the rotating shaft;
R is the radius of the beat;
S is the gap between adjacent beats;
B - beat width;
d _k - the largest size of a piece of material in crushing products;
δ is the thickness of the beat.

 The presence of the sign "at the same distance between the rotating beater with the beater installed axis with movable grates, entering with a gap between the beams of both rotating shafts" allows to increase the productivity of the crusher. This is achieved by increasing the area of the receiving window of the crusher, since the installation of an axis with movable grates between two rotating shafts almost doubles the length of the receiving window. In this case, small pieces of material fall down through the gaps between the side wall with fixed grates and the first shaft with the gouges, into the gaps between the girders of the first shaft and the moving grate of the axis, into the gaps between the moving grate of the axis and the gouges of the second shaft and, finally, into the gaps between the gouges the second shaft and the stationary grates of the second side wall. Likewise, large pieces of material, depending on the direction of rotation of the shafts, are crushed between the fixed grid-irons of the walls and the blades of the rotating shafts, or between the movable grid-irons of the central axis and the blades of both rotating shafts. Moreover, in each case, the crushing surface area in both cases increases, which helps to increase the throughput of the crusher.

 The presence of the sign "fixed grid-irons are made of an arcuate shape, movable grid-irons are made of a triangular shape" allows to increase the efficiency of crushing and grinding of the material. This is achieved due to the fact that the fixed grid-irons performed by arched convex rods instead of continuous arc-shaped disks exclude sticking of material fines in the “pockets” between the disks and the side wall and ensure that after passing the beat, it wakes up in the gaps between the arched rods without sticking and jamming. The convexity of the stationary side grates contributes to the gradual displacement of large pieces of material down under the action of gravity, as along the guides for subsequent crushing them with a rotating beater. Movable grates, having a certain angle of rotation on the axis, also do not have solid lateral planes, but are made in the form of rods radially fixed to a sleeve that rotates freely on the axis and connected at the bottom for strength by a transverse rod forming a triangular shape. This design of the moving grate also allows the material to freely wake up between the gaps without sticking and jamming the pieces.

The presence of the sign "each of the adjacent beats of the rotating shafts is rotated 120 ^o relative to each other allows to reduce the energy consumption of the material grinding process and the reliability of the crusher due to the fact that not all the beats enter the crushing zone, but sequentially one after the other with a certain interval, regulated the angle of rotation of each of the shafts.

The presence of the feature structural elements of the crusher and crushed material are related by the following dependencies:
L = 1.4 R; B = 0.8 R ;, d _k = 0.6 R; S = d _k ; δ = 0.8 d _k ;
where L is the distance between the centers of the axis and the rotating shaft;
R is the radius of the beat;
S is the gap between adjacent beats;
B - beat width;
d _k - the largest size of a piece of material in crushing products;
δ is the thickness of the beat,
improves the efficiency of the crusher and its operational ability, confirmed by practice.

 In FIG. 1 shows a crusher for grinding low-strength materials in the context; in FIG. 2 is the same, a top view of FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 is a side view of I in FIG. 1; in FIG. 4 is a view along arrow A in FIG. 3; in FIG. 5 is a view II of the arrangement of the rotating shafts and axis in FIG. 1; in FIG. 6 is a section along BB in FIG. 5; in FIG. 7 is a side view III of the fixed grate in FIG. 1; in FIG. 8 is a view along arrow B in FIG. 7.

The crusher for grinding low-strength materials consists of a housing 1, in which two parallel shafts 2 of counter-rotation are mounted on bearings from a horizontal plane. On each of the rotating shafts through the sleeves 3 installed beats 4, which are deployed relative to each other by 120 ^o . On the side walls of the casing there are fixed grates 5 of an arcuate shape, between which beats of rotating shafts enter with a gap. Between two rotating shafts at the same distance from them there is an axis 6, on which moving grates 8 are installed by means of free bushings 7, having a triangular shape in the profile with the possibility of turning the bushings about the axis. The saws of both shafts have the ability to enter during rotation with a gap between the movable and fixed grates.

 The work of the crusher is as follows.

 The source material of various particle size distribution, for example lumpy chalk, is loaded into the receiving funnel of the housing 1 and enters the zone of action of the rotating shafts 2.

A small fraction of the material falls down through the gaps between the beats 4, moving 8 and fixed 5 grid-irons. Large pieces of material that must be crushed to the required value d _k equal in size to the width of the gap between the two blades 4 fall into the fracture zone between the rotating shafts 2 and the axis 6. Here they are crushed between the blades 4 and the moving grates 8 and wake up. Moreover, if more durable pieces come across, then the moving grate 8 can deviate to some angle relative to the axis 6 to pass pieces down between the shaft 2 and axis 6 with the aim of repeatedly impacting beat 4 on them until the piece is completely destroyed. Pieces of material that, when loading into the crusher onto the periphery in the near-wall region, are rolled along arcuate fixed grid-irons 5, are picked up by rotating saws 4 and carried into the fracture zone between the shafts 2 and axis 6. Particularly strong pieces of material or foreign objects that are not destroyed in the zone between the shafts 2 and the axis 6, due to the reversal of the rotation of the shafts are carried out to the periphery in the wall region and are removed by the operator using load gripping means.

Claims (2)

1. Crusher for grinding low-strength materials, comprising a casing with two parallel counter-rotating shafts with beats fixed to them, entering with a gap between the beats of each of the shafts and between the fixed grates in the side walls of the casing, characterized in that at the same distance between the rotating shafts an axis with movable grid-irons entering with a gap between the arms of both rotating shafts is installed with the beaters, the fixed grid-irons being made arcuate, and the moving grid-irons - a triangular hydrochloric shape, and each of the adjacent beat of each rotating shaft are unfolded from each other by 120 ^o. 2. Crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural elements of the crusher and crushed material are connected by the following relationships:
L = 1.4 R;
B = 0.8 R;
d = 0.6 R;
S = d _k ;
δ = 0.8 d _k
where L is the distance between the centers of the axis and the rotating shaft;
R is the radius of the beat;
B - beat width;
S is the diameter of the bushing sleeve;
S is the gap between adjacent beats;
d _to - the largest size of a piece of material in crushing products;
δ is the thickness of the beat.

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