RU2652103C1 - Grinding device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to industry of construction materials. Device comprises shafts mounted on a frame with the possibility of counter rotation, with toothed disks mounted on them with a gap and a grid. Disks are polygonal. Grate is located under the rolls and is made in the form of flexible cutting elements stretched on the frame with the possibility of their placement in the gaps between the disks. Vertices of the polygonal discs of one shaft are opposite the sides of the polygon discs of the second shaft.

EFFECT: ensured an increase in the reliability of the device operation due to the elimination of adherence of the clay material to the grate, while at the same time increasing the service life of the grating cutting elements.

9 cl, 5 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the building materials industry and is intended for grinding scrap forming raw brick, and can also be used for pre-grinding clay raw materials.

State of the art

In the manufacture of ceramic brick of plastic molding, technological waste of plastic timber is regularly formed and there is a need for their further processing in order to make full use of raw materials. Many enterprises have a practice of returning marriage to the beginning of the technological line for the preparation of raw materials, where it is recycled: grinding, drying, grinding and moistening, which leads to increased energy consumption. In addition, it is necessary to install long transport lines to return substandard, leading to an increase in occupied production space and cost of equipment. Typically, the resulting defective raw brick has the necessary homogeneous structure and moisture, and it is enough just to grind it.

A brick-making unit is known from the prior art (see Chernyavsky E.V. Clay brick production. M: Stroyizdat, 1974, p. 40, Fig. 11), containing a clay mixer, mounted on one bed with a press, and a conveyor belt, transferring the marriage of raw material from the cutting machine to the clay mixer for recycling. After the clay mixer, the prepared mass, having reached the unloading window, falls into the receiving box of the press.

However, the rejected raw material does not have time to completely grind in the clay mixer, therefore, a bar with an uneven density comes out of the mouthpiece of the press, with inclusions in the form of pieces of unmixed, previously molded raw material, which significantly reduces the quality of the finished ceramic brick. To eliminate this drawback, it is necessary to install additional grinding equipment in front of the known unit.

Known devices for loosening and grinding lump material (see ed. St. SU 583814, IPC: V02C 4/08, publ. 12/15/1977; SU 1479094, IPC: V02C 4/10, publ. 05/15/1989) containing installed in the case there is a gear roll and a grate with a curved surface, and the teeth of the roll are located in the gaps of the grate. The material is loosened and crushed by impacts on the teeth, splits and breaks between the opposite teeth and the discharge grooves of the grill.

A disadvantage of the known solutions is the adhesion of wet material to the grate. In addition, there is an increase in clay material between the teeth in the places of their attachment to the roll, leading to frequent shutdown of equipment for preventive maintenance in order to clean the working bodies.

In the ceramic industry, string cutters are used to cut freshly molded clay beams (see ed. St. SU 642180, IPC: B28V 11/14, publ. 01/17/1979; SU 715337, IPC: V28V 11/14, publ. 02/20/1980) including a frame with cutting strings and a feed mechanism for pushing a brick blank through a stationary frame. The devices provide a high-quality cut of clay beams into individual bricks, since the strings have the ability to self-clean due to vibrations arising in them during application and removal of the load.

As a prototype of the claimed device for the presence of similar structural features adopted a device for crushing and pushing bulk material (see ed. St. SU 358001, IPC: V02C 4/08, publ. 03.11.1972), containing a discharge grid and gear rolls, mounted beneath it so that when they rotate in opposite directions, the ends of the teeth intersect the surface of the grating. The crusher is intended for preliminary grinding of frozen material.

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to process wet material due to its sticking to the grate and clogging of the interdental cavities.

Disclosure of invention

The claimed invention solves the problem of increasing the reliability of the device by eliminating the sticking of clay material on the grill while increasing the service life of the cutting elements of the grill.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the grinding device containing shafts mounted on the frame with the possibility of counter rotation, toothed disks mounted on them with a gap and a lattice, according to the claimed invention, the disks are made polygonal, the lattice is located under the shafts and made in the form of tensioned on the frame flexible cutting elements with the possibility of their placement in the gaps between the disks, and the vertices of the polygonal disks of one shaft are located opposite the sides of the polygonal disks of the second shaft.

Flexible cutting lattice elements have the ability to bend when a load is applied and take its original position after its removal. At the same time, they oscillate and vibrate, due to which the clay material, which is prone to sticking to the working bodies, shakes and falls through the grate.

Polygonal disks during rotation of the shafts capture the material to be ground and fed to the grate. In this case, the material is crushed first between the disks of counter-rotating shafts, then by flexible cutting elements.

The polygonal disks on the shafts are mounted so that the vertices of the disks of one shaft are located opposite the sides of the disks of the second shaft. Due to this arrangement of disks, the material is fed to the grate not at the same time in a large portion by both shafts, but alternately, then with one, then with the second shaft. This reduces the load on the grill and increases the service life of flexible cutting elements. In addition, this arrangement of polygonal disks provides a better grip of bulk material.

The placement of flexible cutting elements in the gaps between the polygonal disks contributes to their cleaning and prevents the adhesion of clay material on the working bodies.

The implementation of polygonal disks also prevents clay from sticking to their working sides (unlike toothed disks, where teeth are inevitably clogged with clay material during operation).

In addition, the location of the grate under the shafts made it possible to remove additional load from it from the weight of the material supplied for processing.

Thus, the above technical results together can improve the operational reliability of the device and increase the service life of the cutting elements of the lattice.

A support bar is installed under the flexible cutting elements, which gives them rigidity, protects them from excessive bending and ensures their tension, elasticity and resistance to cut.

Since the support bar is located under the grill in the middle, the applied loads on the flexible cutting elements on both sides of the bar are aligned, thereby increasing their reliability and preventing them from breaking.

At the same time, the support bar is structurally placed between the shafts, therefore, it assumes the flow of material and provides for its additional cutting (in addition to affecting the material of polygonal disks and gratings).

To prevent lateral displacement of the flexible cutting elements and jamming of the device, grooves are made on the upper edge of the support bar with the possibility of arranging flexible cutting elements in them, which in turn also aims to increase the reliability of the device.

It is advisable to make flexible cutting elements of the lattice in the form of strings or steel cables, characterized by good flexibility and density uniformly distributed along the length.

In the particular case of the execution of the claimed invention, the tops of the disks of each shaft are located on one line. The molding of raw brick mainly has a shape close to the parallelepiped, so this arrangement of the disks allows the material to be ground to rotate when the shafts rotate perpendicular to the cutting sides of the disks and the flexible cutting elements of the grill. Due to this, a uniform distribution of the load on the cutting elements over the entire surface of the grating occurs.

Preferably, the polygonal disks are designed so that the angle at the vertices is not more than 90 °. This configuration of the disks ensures guaranteed capture of the material by the sides and tops of the disks for feeding it into the grinding zone.

In this regard, it is advisable to make polygonal disks of square or triangular shape.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 - the inventive device, a cross section;

in FIG. 2 - the claimed device, top view;

in FIG. 3 - the location of the flexible cutting elements in the grooves of the support plate;

in FIG. 4 - an embodiment of polygonal disks of square shape;

in FIG. 5 is an embodiment of polygonal disks of a triangular shape.

The implementation of the invention “Device for grinding” contains mounted on the frame 1 with the possibility of counter rotation shafts 2 mounted on them with a gap polygonal disks 3 and a grill. The grill is located under the shafts and is made in the form of flexible cutting elements 4 stretched on the frame with the possibility of their placement in the gaps between the disks. As flexible cutting elements, strings or steel cables can be used. Under the grid in the middle of the perpendicularly flexible cutting elements 4, a support bar 5 is installed, on the upper edge of which grooves 6 are made with the possibility of arranging flexible cutting elements 4. The disks 3 on the shafts are mounted in such a way that the tops of the disks of each shaft are located in one line and the tops of the disks one shaft are located opposite the sides of the disks of the second shaft. The angle α at the tops of the discs is not more than 90 °. The disks 3 may have a square shape or an isosceles triangle.

The device operates as follows.

The material through the loading neck 7 enters the counter-rotating shafts 2. The disks 3 capture it with their sides and vertices and feed it to the grate. In this case, the material is crushed first by disks 3, then by flexible cutting elements 4 of the lattice. The material is fed to the grate alternately, then with one, then with the second shaft. When punching the defective raw brick to be crushed through the grate, the strings 4 bend. After removing the load, they straighten sharply and take their original position. In this case, they self-clean from clay material, prone to sticking. The crushed material through the discharge window enters the storage tank or belt conveyor.

The inventive device allows you to effectively grind the molding of raw brick and to produce primary processing of clay raw materials, and also has high operational reliability and performance.

Claims (9)

1. The device for grinding, containing mounted on the frame with the possibility of counter rotation shafts mounted on them with a gap gear discs and a grill, characterized in that the discs are polygonal, the grill is located under the shafts and made in the form of flexible cutting elements stretched on the frame with the possibility their placement in the gaps between the disks, and the vertices of the polygonal disks of one shaft are located opposite the sides of the polygonal disks of the second shaft. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that under the flexible cutting elements in the middle perpendicular to it, a support bar is installed. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the grooves are made on the upper edge of the support strip with the possibility of arranging flexible cutting elements in them. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible cutting elements of the lattice are made in the form of strings. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible cutting elements of the lattice are made in the form of steel cables. 6. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the tops of the disks of each shaft are located in one line. 7. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the angle at the tops of the disks is not more than 90 °. 8. The device according to p. 1 or 5, characterized in that the polygonal disks are square in shape. 9. The device according to p. 1 or 5, characterized in that the polygonal disks are made triangular in shape.

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