RU2132304C1 - Waste cleaning construction - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environmental control, in particular, equipment for cleaning wastes in populated regions with normally cold winter. SUBSTANCE: waste cleaning construction mounted on two platforms has solid base composed of filtering and draining layers, which are disposed in inclined position above the level of clarifying pond. Construction has filtering dam with detachable schungite or zeolite cassettes and two towers positioned within the contour of platforms. EFFECT: increased efficiency by preventing river and sea water areas from being polluted with wastes and reduced single outbursts of contaminants. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the protection of the environment, and in particular, to wastewater treatment plants of settlements of the Far North and areas with a cold winter.

 A known method of discharging wastewater into a hydrographic network by AS USSR N 1798313, 1993, C 20 F 1/22, in which the platform for wastewater discharge is the ice cover of a river or sea. The specified site is taken by us as a prototype.

The disadvantages of a prototype site located on the ice cover of a river or sea are:
- Pollution of rivers and seas by sewage and solid waste;
- "volley" release of pollutants during the spring ice drift, which increases a one-time concentration of harmful substances.

 The disadvantages are eliminated by the proposed sewage treatment plant of settlements of the Far North by the fact that it is located on land, avoiding any pollution of water bodies due to the complete treatment of wastewater.

 An essential sign is that the base of the winter freezing and summer discharge sites is made of filtering and draining layers with perforated pipes located obliquely and above the level of the clarifier pond, which provide filtration and runoff of treated water to clarifier ponds.

 An essential sign is that the towers located inside the contour of the site make it possible to ensure the normal operational ability of the tower and supply pipelines.

 An essential sign is that the filter dam is equipped with removable cassettes of zeolite and shungizite, which allows cleaning and disinfecting discharged treated effluents into the hydrographic network.

 The device of the sewage treatment plant is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a treatment plant in plan; in FIG. 2 - section 1-1; in FIG. 3 - section 2-2.

 Symbols adopted in the drawings: 1 - capacity, 2 - pumping station, 3 - towers, 4 - platform for winter freezing, 5 - spring spillways, 6 - enclosing dam, 7 - filter dam with cassettes of zeolite and shungizite, 8 - inlet pipes, 9 - siphons, 10 - reinforced concrete water drainage, 11 - frozen drains, 12 - clarifier ponds, 13 - summer discharge platform, 14 - filter dam, 15 - floating water intake, 16 - irrigation pipe, 17 - flow spreading , 18 - sand filtering layer ... = 40 cm, 19 - gravel drainage layer ... = 30 cm, 20 - polyethylene per Forged pipes, 21 - polyethylene screen.

 Wastewater treatment plant consists of 4 sites where capacity 1, pump station 2, towers 3 located inside the sites, winter freezing site 4, spring spillways 5, enclosing dams 6, filtering dams with shungizite and zeolite cassettes 7, horizontal inlet pipe 8, siphons 9, reinforced concrete culverts 10, drains 11 frozen during winter, clarification ponds 12, platforms for summer draining of drains 13, filter dam 14, floating water intake 15, irrigation pipe 16, flow spreading 17, base sites for summer and winter discharge is made of filtering 18 and draining 19 layers, equipped with perforated pipes 20 and a polyethylene screen 21.

 The treatment plant is operated as follows.

 In winter, wastewater is transported by car to tank 1, from where, using pumps 2 and a supply pipe 8, they are supplied to a sprinkler 3, where they are sprayed into frosty air. Frozen effluents 11 in the form of firn are stored on platforms 4. During freezing, most bacteria die, the effluents are disinfected. In the spring-summer period, wastewater is thawed at site 4 and through the drainage layer 19 they enter the clarifier pond 12, and wastewater is discharged during this period to the platform 13 to the spreading beds, from where they also enter the clarifier pond through the drainage layer 19. At this site, during the winter period, runoff continues to freeze, thereby ensuring an annual change of freezing sites. The solid sediment remaining on the surface of the filter layer 18 is removed from the winter pad 4 during the summer period using mechanization means (bulldozers, scrapers, etc.) for preparing fertilizers, and the pad is sprinkled with a new layer of sand and prepared for the next spring-summer season.

 Wastewater purified from solid impurities can be used for irrigation of agricultural fields for growing feed crops or discharged into the hydrographic network after cleaning with zeolite and rendering harmless with shungizite, which are located in the body of a filter dam 7 in the form of removable cartridges.

The advantages of this treatment plant are:
- simplicity and reliability of operation;
- the elimination of pollution of water areas of rivers and seas by wastewater;
- the possibility of using wastewater for growing feed crops, for example cryo-feed (RF patent N 1835996 from 1.08.90 g).

 As a specific use of wastewater treatment plants, the conditions of Tabag village, located 32 km from the city of Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), can be cited. Here, due to the lack of reliable treatment facilities, wastewater is dumped all year round into artificially created pits located at a distance of 25-30 km, which are overflowed and threaten with a breakthrough, and also filtered.

 4 km from Tabaga on the selected site, sewage treatment plants are constructed according to the above description. They build sites with filtering and draining layers, arrange clarifier ponds, filtering dams, ryazhevy spillways and siphons. They build a tank and a pumping station, and arrange towers in the middle of the sewage discharge sites. Leading water conduits are insulated and waterproofed. When frosty days come, the wastewater is poured into a container and fed to the sprinklers using a pump and sprayed in frosty air. Drops of water during the flight freeze and store in the form of firn. At the same time, they are disinfected due to the low temperature. In addition, bacteria (especially tuberculosis, Koch sticks) also die from solar radiation, being on the site.

 During the warmer months, the thaw is thawing, thawed water and water brought to the summer ground pass through the filter layer and into the clarifying pond through the drainage layer and pipes, from which they are pumped to the fields for irrigating cryo feed or for growing grassland.

 After the firn has thawed and the site has dried, the solid sediment is removed by mechanization (bulldozer, scraper, scraper winches, etc.) and transported to prepare fertilizers, and the site is sprinkled with sand, and the next spring-summer period will be ready to receive drains.

 The proposed wastewater treatment plant can be built in those settlements where there are no treatment facilities, in areas with cold winters and the Far North.

Claims (1)

 Wastewater treatment plant, including a solid base, two towers with sprinklers installed on them, supply pipelines, clarifier ponds, pull-out spillways and siphons, characterized in that it has two platforms with filtering and draining bases for winter and summer discharge for complete wastewater treatment effluents located obliquely and above the level of the clarifier pond, filtering dam with removable cassettes of schungizite and zeolite, and towers are located inside the contour of the sites.

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