RU2609382C1 - Device for discharge of cleaned livestock wastes to channel water courses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural reclamation in the combined irrigation systems, when water protection measures, when the introduction of sewage and livestock wastes in irrigation systems from distribution pipelines, as well as for the release (discharge) of treated wastes to channel water courses (rivers, streams, and so on). The device includes a storage pond (1) of discharge water and a discharge gravity pipeline divided into two unequal parts. One part is a feeding one-piece tube (2) and the second part is made as an outlet discharge perforated tube (3), an ejector assembly is located between them. The ejector assembly consists of a suction chamber (4), an active nozzle (5) directed to the cone (6) connected to the outlet discharge perforated tube (3). On the outlet discharge perforated tube (3) with holes the polyethylene risers (7) with the scattering discharge outlets (8) are arranged. The internal cavity of the scattering discharge outlets (8) is provided with a nozzle-divider having a diamond shape with concave side walls. For the ability to protect against back flow of water to the scattering discharge outlets (8) they are provided with flexible diaphragms in the form a rubber, communicating with the nozzle-divider and the water outlet openings on the outside. The feeding one-piece tube (2) and the outlet discharge perforated tube (3) are fixed by means of piles-risers (14). The ejector assembly is also provided with a supply pressure pipeline (15) of clean water for additional dilution of the drainage water in the outlet discharge perforated tube (3). This achieves the effect of intensification of the drainage water dilution.

EFFECT: simple design and installation, reliability in operation, and also the fish protection function of the facility construction is provided; the device is protected from corrosion in the underwater horizon.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural land reclamation in drainage and humidification systems, in water protection measures, when wastewater and livestock effluents are introduced into the sprinkler system from distribution pipelines, and also for the discharge (discharge) of treated effluents into channel streams (rivers, streams, etc. )

Wastewater and livestock effluent discharges resulting from after-treatment in the recovery fields, i.e. on agricultural fields of irrigation (ZPO), they are collected after drainage through the soil in open collector channels (in collectors) of a closed type. Then these drainage waters are supplied and accumulated in drainage ponds.

Outlets are special facilities, the purpose of which is to ensure the discharge of wastewater that has undergone after-treatment at the water treatment plant and the collection of such waters, the so-called drainage ponds.

By type of water bodies are: river, lake and sea; at the place of location: coastal, channel and deep; by design: flooded, non-flooded, concentrated, scattering and ejector.

When choosing the type of discharge (discharge) and its location, it is based on the assurance that a complete mixing of drainage water with water is ensured. Therefore, releases of all types should be placed in places with increased turbulence, i.e. in rapids, in ducts, constrictions, etc.

Wastewater and livestock effluents are fed to agricultural irrigation fields (WTP) according to the developed irrigation schedules from adjustable storage tanks that have passed the main stage of cleaning and disinfection in treatment facilities at livestock complexes. Manure contains about 30 gas compounds belonging to the group of amines, amides, alcohols, disulfides, sulfides, mercaptans, in addition to the classical gases CH ₄ , NH ₃ , H ₂ S, CO ₂ .

The active contamination zone can be heterogeneous and consist of various composite particles. Efficient irrigation and drainage system irrigation in drained soils, complete purification does not occur completely, and drainage water is collected through open drains into open collectors (collectors), followed by transfer of these waters to drainage ponds.

Facilities for dumping drainage water (as authorized by environmental organizations) from reservoirs are called releases. Hence it is necessary to create favorable conditions for better mixing of the produced wastewater with the entire mass of river or other watercourses flowing into them; therefore, the discharge of drainage (waste) water should be built at a certain distance from the bank of the river, stream, etc., arranging it so that the waste or drainage water is divided into separate streams. To do this, select places suitable for the construction of such structures where the movement of water contributes to better mixing and greater use of the self-cleaning ability of the source of the watercourse.

Therefore, taking into account such livestock (pig) waste water that comes from industrial wastewater treatment plants, the second stage is the soil treatment of the liquid fraction of manure waste (livestock waste).

The reclamation system using livestock effluents contains irrigated fields of utilization both with close occurrence of groundwater and can with deep occurrence of groundwater, regardless of the slope of the relief of the catchment area. An open channel (collector) of drainage water collection is closed, i.e. in itself, there is no discharge of drainage flow directly into streams, rivers, etc., accumulated during the growing season in the collector, which is always located below the drained networks, and their mouths are not flooded.

The accumulated drainage water using a mobile pumping station (type SNP for various capacities from 100 to 400 l / s), manufactured by the industry, pumps the drainage water into the drainage pond.

A drainage pond with low groundwater abundance is mainly built in embankments for large volumes of accumulation of up to 400 m ³ , and in the half-excavation storage ponds are built mainly with small volumes of drainage water accumulation. Moreover, as a rule, such storage ponds are located near the flow of streams, and the rivers are somewhat further. Thus, it all depends on the size of the drainage area of the drainage network around the irrigated field (site).

Overfilling of permanent channels (collectors) in a high-altitude location is not allowed directly to streams, rivers, lakes, swamps, etc. in order to comply with the environmental safety of the environment and wildlife, in particular in summer and winter, when the concentration of such effluents is still high - there is no dilution with clean water, and the time for snow melting (flood period) has not yet arrived due to the low ambient temperature Wednesday.

With the accumulation of drainage water storage ponds in them, livestock runoff is not yet completely purified, and a dense liquid mixture is formed in the storage ponds in relation to the specific gravity of pure water.

Thus, in order to preserve the fauna (for example, the reproduction of fish in streams emanating from marshes, the possibility of nesting of various birds, etc.), drainage water is accumulated in storage ponds until special supervisory authorities permit the release (discharge) of such water into mainly in the spring time, when there is an active melting of snow, large water ducts are collected, the filling of waterways and the speed of water movement increase, which means there is an opportunity to optimally and not upset the balance of the natural environment.

The outlet unit from such storage ponds for diluting drainage water is a complex of elements interconnected, if you just dump (release) such undiluted water to a lower specific gravity.

It follows that, according to sanitary standards, with the accumulation of storage ponds with drainage water, they remain filled for the entire winter period, and in the spring, during the period of massive snow melting, they are discarded after determining its chemical analysis for the absence of environmental damage.

The procedure for implementing the discharge of such drainage water depends on the complex of facilities used to release (discharge) drainage water into streams, rivers, seas, swamps, etc. Hence, dilution of them with pure water to a certain concentration is required, which requires permission from Rosprirodonadzor after processing their analysis on the suitability of discharge at the time of mass snow melting, i.e. within a certain short time, not more than 15 days, first the discharge of drainage water, and the presence of snow melting at this moment.

Therefore, facilities for discharging wastewater (drainage water) into such water bodies are also called outlets and creating favorable conditions for better mixing of the produced wastewater with all the mass of water flowing in streams, rivers, etc. Therefore, the outlets are built at a certain distance from the coast, arranging it so that the waste fluid is divided into separate streams. In this case, the exhaust pipes are laid 0.6 ... 1.0 m above the level of the bottom of the stream, river to protect them from clogging and siltation. Here it is still necessary to take into account that the distribution of wastewater in a stream, for example river water, should be uniform, taking into account the applied structural elements of the structure.

Based on this, the author considers such releases from drainage water storage ponds on the example of the use of irrigation with livestock stocks (pig breeding) at the ZPO. It is known that in such cases it is necessary to use oxygen located directly in pure water.

Due to the impossibility of achieving discharge standards required by environmental authorities at biological treatment facilities, a temporarily agreed discharge is established for each treatment plant for a certain period, during which a slightly increased concentration of pollutants in the discharged drainage water is allowed, as well as taking into account the possible degree of dilution in the reservoir or stream, river, etc. at the wastewater discharge site to the nearest border of the fishery plot, reservoir.

According to the results of a patent search of analogues of the inventions to the claimed device was not found.

A device is known for discharging purified water into water bodies, including a pressure pipe and a head, the latter is made round in shape with solid and perforated walls, a layer of geotextile needle-punched fabric is laid on the bottom of the coastal trench to protect the coastal trench along its entire perimeter from suffusion of the base soil during level drops water in the reservoir, and from the side of the tip of the head on the layer of geotextile needle-punched fabric of the trench, the wall of the head is made whole, and from the side of laying stone the fillings on the head of its wall are perforated with holes, and the head is mounted obliquely at a predetermined angle with respect to the shore, without disturbing its natural slope, while its upper end is connected to the pressure pipe, where for the possibility of rigid fixation of the head in its upper position below it a concrete support is installed, and the lower end of the head is monolithic with concrete with the formation of a monolithic stop for the possibility of rigid fixation of the lower position of the head inside the coastal trench (Patent PM No. 103821, E03F 5/00, from 04/27/2011).

A disadvantage of the known device is that it cannot be used for wastewater treatment (drainage water received from the water treatment plant) due to the lack of additional clean water with air for dilution and discharge into channel streams, in contrast to the known one, which is intended for ponds and their accumulation. In addition, this makes possible the accumulation of pollutants in a reservoir and makes it impossible to discharge into channel streams. The operation is complicated by the large volume of laying the stone backfill on top of the perforated pipe, and it is expensive, and further cleaning of the holes is also necessary if they can be clogged with silt sediment. A serious drawback of this device is the inability to reliably mix wastewater with clean water in streams, for example, rivers and streams, and for the above reason, wastewater affects the sanitary condition of the storage pond in the absence of discharge for a long time, as well as low productivity.

The closest to the proposed technical essence is a device for discharging wastewater, mainly into a reservoir, including a pressure pipe with heads, an ejector having an aeration pipe is mounted in the pressure pipe (Copyright certificate SU No. 431286, E02F 5/00, C02C 1/10, from 04/10/1974).

However, the use of an ejector is effective only with a large pressure of water, and the ejector unit itself is not associated with dilution with wastewater, since its task is to saturate the wastewater with dissolved oxygen from atmospheric air and to regulate the filling of the reservoir with wastewater. Another disadvantage is that the distribution pipeline with the heads fixed below the water level in the body of water directly into the ground, and this is a serious disadvantage is that the operation of such heads is worsened, the device as a whole is gradually silted with silt and other floating objects, and measures are not provided for protecting the entry of juvenile fish into the heads.

The technical result is an increase in productivity when discharging (discharging) drainage water that has undergone soil treatment using irrigation fields with livestock runoff, followed by their accumulation in drainage ponds and simultaneously improving the quality of discharge of such water due to the integrated use of natural factors in the form of channel streams , as well as improving the fish protection function of the device.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a device for the release of treated livestock wastewater into channel streams, including a pressure pipe, an ejector and risers with heads, a drainage pond, equipped with a pressure gravity pipe, is divided into two unequal parts, a supplying one-piece pipe and a discharge perforated discharge pipe, between which there is an ejector unit for diluting drainage water, made by a chamber with an ejector and a cone, the active nozzle of the ejector is directed towards the cone associated with the perforated discharge pipe, while the heads mounted on the risers are made from above with diffusing outlets, the internal cavity of which is made by a divider nozzle having a diamond shape with concave side walls, and the diffusing outlets are equipped with flexible diaphragms made of rubber interacting with the nozzle a divider with outlets on the outside, the lower end of the discharge perforated pipe having a plug.

In addition, the gravity discharge pipe, divided into two unequal parts, the ejector unit and the diffusion outlets are made of plastic material.

In addition, a gravity discharge pipe, divided into two unequal parts, is fixed to riser piles in the direction of the river channel.

The novelty of the claimed device is due to the fact that the supply of clean water under pressure from the pump to the ejector unit eliminates the need for air supply to the storage pond in the lower horizons of the water. The ejector unit allows you to mix drainage water with clean water in the perforated pressure pipe before they are discharged into the channel streams, and transferring these mixed streams from the turbulent mode to the scattering water outlets in order to avoid erosion of the bottom of the water stream and blocking them with silt even if they are not working in the watercourse, since flexible diaphragms in the form of rubber protect the water outlets of the scattering water outlets and prevent not only debris, but also young fish from entering the water outlets and the pipe. Thus, there is no need for special measures for their cleaning. At the same time, the unit itself already reduces the concentration of pollution at the time of discharge of drainage water from the supplying whole pipe and contributes to the intensity of additional dilution of wastewater (drainage), thereby ensuring the maximum ecological entry of water into the natural environment and at the same time an additional process of its purification occurs, since when diluting With clean water in the ejector assembly, clean water always has air in its composition. Thus, the complete mixing of drainage water with additional pure water enters the channel streams in the form of scattering streams along the length of the pressure perforated pipe at a given distance from the shore of the storage pond and taking into account the filling of the horizon and the speed of the water in the stream.

In addition to a device for the disposal of drainage water, the present technical solution may also offer a method for the disposal of drainage water.

A device for discharging treated livestock wastewater into channel streams is schematically illustrated by the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows the planned position of the device in General; in FIG. 2 shows a section along the length of a gravity discharge pipe; in FIG. 3 - scattering outlet, section.

The device includes a storage pond 1 drainage water, gravity discharge pipe, divided into two unequal parts. One part is a supplying integral pipe 2, and the second part is made by a discharge discharge perforated pipe 3, respectively, between which an ejector assembly is placed. The ejection unit consists of a suction chamber 4, an active nozzle 5 directed into a cone 6, connected to a discharge perforated discharge pipe 3. The discharge discharge perforated pipe 3 is made with holes provided with polyethylene risers 7 throughout the tube 3, provided with diffuser outlets 8 from above and an inner one the cavity of which is equipped with a nozzle-divider 9, having a diamond-shaped shape with concave side walls 10. To be able to protect against the return of water flow into the scattering outlets 8 sn They are pressed with flexible diaphragms 11 in the form of rubber interacting with the nozzle divider 9 with water outlets 12 and 13 on the outside.

A gravity discharge pipe, an ejector assembly, and dissipating water outlets are made of plastic material to eliminate corrosion, reduce weight and save material costs. The connection of the polyethylene pipes, the ejector assembly and the scattering outlets is carried out with quick-fit polyethylene couplings (not shown for simplicity).

The inlet integral pipe 2 and the discharge perforated discharge pipe 3 are fixed with the help of piles-risers 14 0.6 ... 1.0 m above the level of the bottom of the channel watercourse depending on the filling with water to prevent their clogging and siltation.

The length of the discharge discharge perforated pipe 3, its inner diameter, size and number of holes in its perforated walls with the fastening of polyethylene risers 7 with diffusing outlets 8 are determined by calculation, depending on the volume of drainage water additionally diluted with clean water from the supply pressure pipe 15, which mounted in the suction chamber 4 through scattering outlets 8, the internal cavity of which is made by a nozzle divider 9.

To carry out repairs or regulate the water supply, or maintain the device, a well 16 with a valve 17 is installed at the beginning of the gravity discharge pipe. The lower end of the perforated discharge pipe 3 is equipped with a plug 18 for possible flushing.

The chamber 4 with the active nozzle 5, in turn, includes a clean water pressure pipe 15 for diluting the drainage water by, for example, turning on the pump from the river channel, if it is located near the storage pond 1 of the drainage water, or due to the presence of an imported tank from clean water to the period of discharge of drainage water in a short and limited period of time, i.e. within 10 ... 15 days for the time of active melting of snow in a warm period of time (not shown for simplicity).

The length of the pressure-free gravity pipeline, including two parts 2 and 3, is set depending on the location of the storage pond 1 drainage water to the river channel.

Before starting the work of the device for the drainage water discharge, the channel water courses are installed on the pile fasteners 14, laid and fixed on them from above under a slope, in relation to the initial section of the pressure-free gravity pipe from the well 16 with the valve 17, i.e. the supplying one-piece pipe 2 and the discharge pressure perforated pipe 3, the lower end of which is closed by a plug 18. Thus, the device is completely fixed at a given slope, at least with a slope of 0.005, provides a stable position on the stilts-risers 14 and makes it possible to use the work of diffusing water outlets 8, and in pipes 2 and 3 there are no deflections or fractures.

The calculation of the scattering outlet 8 is carried out similarly to the calculation for a cylindrical head and it is also necessary to take into account the hydraulic resistance of the nozzle divider 9 with concave side walls 10.

Thanks to the covered design of the scattering outlet 8 with flexible diaphragms 11 in the form of rubber, there is no need for special measures for cleaning such outlets. So, for example, in a river or stream. The scattering outlets installed on the perforated pressure pipe 3 with risers 7 using pile supports 14 in the water supply horizon make it possible to bring the mixing target and diluted drainage waters closer, after the ejector unit, directly draining into the deeper water column into the channel streams.

A device for the release of treated livestock stocks into channel streams works as follows.

The treated and decontaminated wastewater (livestock) at the industrial facilities of the complex, which additionally passed through soil post-treatment at the sewage treatment plant, is collected using open drainage pipes into open closed channels (collectors), then these waters are then pumped by a mobile pumping station of the SNP type to a storage pond 1 drainage water Open the valve 17 and discharge (as permitted by Rosprirodonadzor) discharge the drainage water into the gravity discharge pipe, consisting of two unequal parts 2 and 3. Drainage water enters the chamber 4 of the ejector with an active nozzle 5, while the incoming clean water from the supply pressure pipe 15 to the ejector unit creates a vacuum in the conical pipe 6. This causes a drainage of water from the chamber 4 connected to the pipe 2, i.e. the drainage water enters through the opening of the suction chamber 4. The clean water flowing out under pressure from the supply pipe 15 creates a region of reduced pressure, and an ejection effect arises, which contributes to the intensification of additional dilution of the drainage water. A stream of pure water, entraining the displaced drainage water, feeds it further into the discharge discharge perforated pipe 3 with holes in its wall, while it is already completely diluted.

Under the pressure of an adjustable gate valve 17, drainage water, additionally diluted with pure water, passes through scattering outlets 8, in the internal cavity of which there are nozzle-divider 9, outlet openings of the outlet with nozzle-divider, which are covered with flexible diaphragms 10 in the form of rubber, while the degree of dilution drainage water is reduced to optimal than at the beginning of their supply to the supplying solid pipe 2 from the border of the shore of the storage pond 1 drainage water. The dispersed discharge is further provided along the length of the perforated pressure pipe 3, the better additional mixing with the water of the channel is ensured with a uniform discharge of drainage water along the front of the channel, as well as taking into account the direction and speed of the stream in the latter, and this ensures the movement of the entire mass of water without flow backwater. It is desirable to take the flow rates in the underwater part of the outlet as large as possible (at least 0.2 m / s) in order to prevent silting near the pipe 3 with diffusing outlets 8, and also should be located at a sufficient height of the pipe 3 from the bottom of the channel to prevent erosion the bottom or drift of the pipe 3 itself with water outlets 8, especially in the case of lack of work in the river channel. Flexible diaphragms 10 in the form of rubber protect the water outlets of the scattering water outlets 8 from the ingress of floating litter and can act as a fish protection device in the absence of discharge (discharge) of drainage water, since they prevent not only litter, but also young fish from entering the water outlets 8, as well as into pipe 3.

In addition, the ejector unit allows the supply of clean water under pressure several times to reduce the concentration of contaminants from the moment the drainage water is discharged from the storage pond, as a result of which the drainage water does not immediately enter the perforated pressure pipe 3, since a certain amount of drainage water is involved in it flowing around the active nozzle 5 of the ejector. In this case, the ejector unit allows to reduce the concentration of polluted water (waste) by 1.5 ... 3 times at the time of discharge of drainage water. This is achieved by the effect of the intensification of additional dilution in a perforated pipe.

The present invention for the release of treated wastewater (livestock) into channel streams in comparison with the above analogues with more efficient dilution and miscible drainage water with natural water makes it possible to reduce the degree of environmental pollution with the corresponding saving of materials from which the device as a whole is made. This ensures that the increased environmental requirements of the regulatory authorities of Rosprirodonadzor are met. The conditions for the discharge of wastewater into channel streams are determined by the “Sanitary Rules and Norms for the Protection of Surface Water from Pollution” (SPiN No. 4630-88), approved in 1988. The “Rules” discusses general provisions, water quality standards for water bodies for domestic, drinking and domestic use, requirements for water protection for various types of economic activity, for the conditions of wastewater discharge into water bodies, for placement, design, affecting the condition surface water. In addition, it has a simple installation design, is resistant to destruction and reliable in operation due to the strong fixed pipe reinforcement with all components of the device, and also provides a fish-protective function of the structure design by closing the outlet openings of the diffusing outlets, and allows using pile fasteners in the underwater part watercourse to protect the device from corrosion when the entire device is made of plastic material in comparison with the prototype. All this as a whole will significantly increase the technical and economic indicators of the proposed device.

Claims (3)

1. A device for discharging treated livestock stocks into channel streams, including a pressure pipe, an ejector and risers with heads, characterized in that the drainage pond is equipped with a gravity discharge pipe divided into two unequal parts, into a supplying one-piece pipe and a discharge pipe perforated pipe, between which there is an ejector unit for diluting drainage water, made by a chamber with an ejector and a cone, the active nozzle of the ejector is directed towards the cone associated with the pump a perforated pipe, while the heads mounted on the risers are made from above with diffusing outlets, the internal cavity of which is made with a divider nozzle having a diamond-shaped shape with concave side walls, and the diffusing outlets are equipped with flexible diaphragms made of rubber, interacting with the divider nozzle with outlet openings on the outside, the lower end of the discharge perforated pipe having a plug. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gravity discharge pipe, divided into two unequal parts, the ejector unit and the scattering outlets are made of plastic material. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gravity discharge pipe, divided into two unequal parts, is fixed to the riser piles in the direction of the river channel.

Images