RU213132U1 - Sleeper - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of construction both for building foundations, bridge supports and other structures, and for the construction of rail transport tracks, and concerns a device and method for producing a sleeper containing a vibration-insulating lining that serves to absorb and dissipate high vibration and deforming loads that occur in during the operation of structures, for example, during the passage of vehicles. The general task for the utility model is to increase the operational reliability of the sleeper by achieving a technical result - strengthening the connection of the polymer lining with the concrete base of the sleeper and increasing their transverse resistance to shear when taking loads. The sleeper (1) (Fig. 1-4, 10, 11) contains a polymer lining (3) embedded in its concrete base (2), consisting of a support layer (4) and a damping layer (5). Between the concrete base (2) and the support layer (4) of the polymer lining (3), gap zones (6) are formed, in which a damping layer (5) is located, formed in the form of a three-dimensional structure formed by cells (7). The cells (7) contain walls (8) partially embedded in the concrete base (2) and coupled with bottoms (9) formed by the support layer (2) of the polymer lining (3). Such spaces in the form of gap zones (6) between the elements of the sleeper can be filled with various reinforcing elements to increase the transverse shear resistance of the sleeper when it perceives loads. Since gap zones (6) are made between the concrete base (2) and the support layer (4), in which the damping layer (5) is located, the shock-absorbing properties of the polymer lining (3) increase when perceiving vertical loads.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction both for building foundations, bridge supports and other structures, and for the construction of rail transport tracks, and concerns the installation of a sleeper containing a vibration-insulating lining that serves to absorb and dissipate high vibration and deforming loads that occur during the operation of structures , for example, when driving.

Known sleeper [1, Patent AT 506529 B1 IPC E01B 1/00, priority 06.03.2008, published 15.09.2009]. Such a sleeper contains a lining with an elastic layer, in which and above which there is a connecting layer for a concrete sleeper. The connecting layer is made in the form of a spatial lattice mesh of threads. Empty spaces are formed between the threads to be filled with concrete during the manufacture of the sleeper. This execution of the connecting layer provides a reliable connection of the lining with the sleeper. However, due to the fact that the connecting layer made of filaments is not rigid enough and cannot provide strong shear resistance of the elastic layer, the effectiveness of such a sleeper is low. In addition, due to the layered structure of the lining, this sleeper is difficult to manufacture.

A more efficient and easy-to-manufacture sleeper is known [2, Patent DE 102013209495 B4, IPC E01B 3/00, priority 05/22/2013 published 11/27/2014], which on its lower surface contains a lining consisting of a support structure made of an elastic polymer material and a connecting layer, wherein the structure of the connecting layer is made by modifying the surface of the support structure.

The connecting layer of the lining in such a sleeper is made in the form of a fibrous structure, made of an elastic thermoplastic polymer material. In this case, the fibrous structure is made together with the supporting structure as a single piece by means of injection molding. In such a product, the fibers are bent or have a kink, and the fiber structure has many sections with different element orientations.

Such a shock-absorbing sleeper sole can be attached to a sleeper by means of a fastening structure. The attachment can be made in the form of a fitting, for example by hardening concrete in the receiving areas of the attachment structure. This complicates the design of the product.

In addition, the fibers that protrude above the support structure are not closed to each other, therefore they do not have sufficient rigidity, which does not provide reliable transverse shear resistance when absorbing loads. Therefore, the sleeper, which performs the function of a shock-absorbing sole based on such a sleeper lining, is not durable enough.

A simpler design and more durable sleeper is known [3, Patent WO 2008122066 A1, E01B 3/46, priority 04/06/2007 published 10/16/2008], chosen as a prototype of the first utility model.

This sleeper contains a lining having a support layer of at least one polymer with a damping layer for contact and connection with a concrete sleeper. The structure of the damping layer is also made by modifying the surface of the support structure and is formed by channel-like and porous recesses or channel-like protrusions. When connected to a sleeper, these channels are filled with concrete, which increases the shear resistance when taking loads.

For the manufacture of this sleeper, careful observance of the technology is required to completely fill the channels of the connecting layer of the lining with concrete, which negatively affects the reliability of the connection of the polymer lining with the concrete base of the sleeper.

This circumstance adversely affects the reliability and cost of the railway track in which these sleepers are used.

Therefore, the task for the utility model is to increase the operational reliability of the sleeper by achieving a technical result - strengthening the connection of the polymer lining with the concrete base of the sleeper and increasing the transverse resistance to its shear when absorbing loads.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the sleeper containing embedded in its concrete base (2) polymer lining (3), consisting of a support layer (4) and a damping layer (5), there is a distinctive feature: between the concrete base (2) and the support a layer (4) of a polymer lining (3) forms zones of gaps (6), in which a damping layer (5) is located, formed in the form of a three-dimensional structure formed by cells (7) containing walls (8) embedded partially into the concrete base (2 ) and coupled with the bottoms (9) formed by the support layer (4) of the polymer lining (3).

Such spaces in the form of gap zones (6) between the elements of the sleeper can be filled with various reinforcing elements to increase the transverse shear resistance of the sleeper when it perceives loads.

In particular, these may be the elements described below as additional distinguishing features:

the conjugation of the bottoms (9) of the cells (7) with the walls (8) is made along the radius (R);

the walls (8) of the cells (7) of the polymer lining (3) are formed by solid partitions (10);

in the said cells (7) of the polymer lining (3), the distances (f) between the partitions (10) do not exceed their height (h);

inside the said cells (7) of the polymer lining (3) there are ribs (11) connected with their bottoms (9);

inside the mentioned cells (7) of the polymer lining (3) there are additional cells (12) formed by additional partitions (13) whose height (k) is less than the height (h) of the partitions (10) of the cells (7);

said gap zones (6) are filled with gas;

said gap zones (6) are filled with porous elements (14);

on the inner side of the bottoms (9) of the cells (7) of the polymer lining (3), additional protrusions (15) are made, directed towards the mentioned concrete base (2) with the possibility of contact with it;

said additional protrusions (15) of the polymer lining (3) are porous.

These additional features of the utility model enhance its effects due to the fact that the damping layer (5), designed in the form of a three-dimensional structure formed by cells (7), is embedded in the concrete base (2), with options as described above. Therefore, the connection of the polymer lining (3) with the concrete base (2) of the sleeper (1) is enhanced and the transverse resistance to its shear when the load is perceived increases.

Since gap zones (6) are made between the concrete base (2) and the support layer (4), in which the damping layer (5) is located, the shock-absorbing properties of the polymer lining (3) increase when perceiving vertical loads.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by illustrations, where in Fig. 1 shows a cross section of a sleeper on the example of its use for the construction of foundations of structures; in fig. 2 shows a cross section of a sleeper using an example of its application for a railway track; in fig. 3 is an enlarged detail view of A in FIG. 12; in fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view of A in FIG. 1, 2 options for the perception of vertical loads, Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the polymer backing; in fig. 6 is a rotated section B-B of FIG. 5; in fig. 7 is a rotated section B-B of FIG. 5 for an embodiment of a polymer lining with ribs conjugated with the bottoms of the cells; in fig. 8 is a perspective view of a polymer pad with additional cells; in fig. 9 is a rotated B-B section of FIG. eight; in fig. 10 is an enlarged detail view of A in FIG. 1, 2 for the embodiment of the sleeper with porous elements; in fig. 11 is an enlarged detail view of A in FIG. 1, 2 for the embodiment of the sleeper with ledges on a polymer lining; in fig. 12 shows the execution of the polymer lining, for example, with trihedral cells; in fig. 13 shows the execution of the polymer lining, for example, with hexagonal cells; in fig. 14 shows an example of a polymer lining with cells formed by curvilinear partitions; in fig. 15 shows a cross section of a sleeper in a restrictive device during its manufacture; in fig. 16 shows the same section as in FIG. 15, but with an embodiment of a sleeper containing porous elements in a polymer lining.

The sleeper (1) (Fig. 1-4, 10, 11) contains a polymer lining (3) embedded in its concrete base (2), consisting of a support layer (4) and a damping layer (5). Between the concrete base (2) and the support layer (4) there are zones of gaps (6) in which a damping layer (5) is located, designed in the form of a three-dimensional structure formed by cells (7). The cells (7) contain walls (8) partially embedded in the concrete base (2) and coupled with bottoms (9) formed by the support layer (4).

Since gap zones (6) are made between the concrete base (2) and the support layer (4), in which the damping layer (5) is located, the shock-absorbing properties of the polymer lining (3) increase when perceiving vertical loads. In addition, the saving of polymeric material due to the zones of gaps (6) filled with air, the said polymer lining (3) has a positive effect on the economic effect of using such a sleeper (1).

The conjugation of the bottoms (9) (Fig. 6) of the cells (7) with the walls (8) can be performed along the radius (R), which eliminates the zones of stress concentrations under the load of the polymer lining (3) and ultimately increases the strength of the latter.

The walls (8) of the cells (7) are formed by solid partitions (10), which also increases the strength of the polymer lining (3). Partitions (10) can be made straight (Fig. 5, 8, 12, 13) and curvilinear (Fig. 14).

In the mentioned cells (7) (Fig. 6), the distances (f) between the partitions (10) do not exceed their height (h), which is optimal for the functioning of the damping layer (5) and, at the same time, a strong connection of the polymer lining (3) with concrete base (2) sleepers (1).

Ribs (11) connected with their bottoms (9) can be made inside the mentioned cells (7), which increases the rigidity of the support layer (4) and, as a result, the strength of the polymer lining (3). To strengthen the structure, said ribs (11) can be made at an angle to the partitions (10) (Fig. 7).

Inside the mentioned cells (7) (Fig. 8, 9) additional cells (12) can be located, formed by additional partitions (13) whose height (k) is less than the height of the partitions (h) (10) of the cells (7). In this case, the vertical load is redistributed at the border of the concrete base (2) of the sleeper (1) with the gap zone (6) to additional partitions (13), which increases the durability of the polymer lining (3).

The mentioned gap zones (6) are filled with gas, for example, atmospheric air, which contributes to the simplicity and reliability of embedding the sleepers (1) into the concrete base (2) on the vibrating stand at the production stage, creating excess pressure in the cells (7), and thereby preventing contact of the mobile concrete mixture (20) with their bottoms (9). In addition, this design feature does not allow the polymer lining (3) to be completely immersed in the moving concrete mixture (20), which simplifies the design of the restricting device (21).

The gap zones (6) (Fig. 10) can also be filled with porous elements (14), which increases the shock-absorbing properties of the polymer lining (3) when perceiving vertical loads.

On the inner side of the bottoms (9) (Fig. 11) of the cells (7) of the polymer lining (3), additional protrusions (15) can be made, directed towards the mentioned concrete base (2) with the possibility of contact with it. In this case, the vertical load is redistributed at the border of the concrete base (2) of the sleeper (1) with the gap zone (6) to additional protrusions (15), which increases the durability of the polymer lining (3).

Said additional protrusions (15) (Fig. 11) can be made porous, which increases the cushioning properties of the polymer lining (3) in the perception of vertical loads.

The method (Fig. 15) for the manufacture of a sleeper (1) consists in the fact that reinforcing elements (23) are installed in the limiting device (21), then a movable concrete mix (20) is poured and the limiting device (21) is briefly vibrated. After that, the polymer lining (3) with its protrusions (22) is pressed by a vibrating clamping element (24) into the moving concrete mixture (20), so that between it and the support layer (4) of the polymer lining (3) gap zones filled with a gas mixture are formed. (6) to ensure the function of the damping layer (5) of the sleeper (1). After curing of the movable concrete mixture (20), the limiting device (21) and the clamping element (24) are removed. The proposed method makes it possible to form a damping layer (5) with a zone of gaps (6) filled with a gas mixture in a polymer lining (3), which increases the cushioning properties of the sleeper (1) when absorbing vertical loads. As an option, prior to said indentation into the mobile concrete mixture (20) of the polymer lining (3), its cells (7) are partially filled with porous elements (14) (Fig. 16). To connect the porous elements (14) with the bottoms (9) of the cells (7), they are glued or the effect of electrostatic attraction is used before the polymer lining (3) is pressed into the mobile concrete mix (20). When using another method, the porous elements (14) are poured or applied in any convenient way on the surface of the mobile concrete mix (20) before the indentation of the polymer lining (3), and in the process of indentation, the said porous elements (14) are distributed in the cells (7) of the gap zones (6).

Such a sleeper (1) (Fig. 1) can be used in construction, when there is a concrete base (2) of the sleeper (1) on top of the polymer lining (3) at the level of the damping layer (5), previously poured with partial closure of the partitions (10). The sleeper (1) is installed on a ballast pad (18) made of crushed stone or on a base made of another material. On (Fig. 2) shows an example of the use of a sleeper (1) for a railway track (19), with installed rails (17).

The proposed sleeper (1) is used to increase the elasticity of the track structure for rail transport, in particular railway, to ensure dispersion and uniform redistribution of vibration loads, to reduce the wear level of sleepers (1), as well as to prevent the destruction of crushed stone and subsidence of the ballast cushion (eighteen). Also, the use of such sleepers (1) helps to reduce the overall noise level caused by vibration in the steel and concrete structures of buildings and bridges during the passage of the train.

At the moment of movement of the wheels of the train along the track section equipped with such sleepers (1), increased loads and vibrations occur, especially when passing rail joints (17). These loads through the concrete monolith of the sleeper (1) and the material of the polymer lining (3) are transferred to the crushed stone of the ballast pad (18). As a result of damping in the zone of gaps (6) of the polymer lining (3), these loads are significantly weakened and dissipated, and the bulk structure of the damping layer (5) formed by cells (7) embedded in the concrete base (2) of the sleeper (1) does not allow transverse shift this sleeper (1).

To prevent excessive indentation of the sharp corners of the crushed stone of the ballast pad (18) into the support layer (4) of the polymer lining (3) and its damage from increased load, especially when passing loaded cars, the rigidity and strength of the support layer (4) are additionally increased due to the ribs ( 11) made inside the cells (7) associated with their bottoms (9). In addition, due to the increase in the rigidity of the support layer (4), the contact patch expands and the load is evenly distributed on a larger number of such sleepers (1), the deflection of the rail track decreases.

When a train passes through sections of the track equipped with turnouts and sharp bends in the track, loads occur that lead to a transverse displacement of the body of the railway sleeper (1) due to the instability of the upper layer of the ballast cushion (18).

Using the sleeper (1) according to the utility model, these displacements are significantly reduced on such sections of the track due to the use of hooks in the polymer linings (3), which transfer shear forces to the elastic material and increase the contact area between the railway sleeper (1) and the crushed stone of the ballast cushion (18 ) by sealing the edges of the crushed stone into the material of the support layer (4) of the polymer lining (3).

To reduce the amount of moisture entering the damping layer (5), both from the concrete base (2) at the production stage and during transportation, installation and operation of the sleeper, the polymer lining (3) can have a closed porous internal structure and a glossy external structure. surfaces. Thanks to this solution, the material of the polymer lining, during its long-term operation, will not lose its elastic properties and will gain high resistance to destruction during operation at low negative temperatures and aggressive liquids.

This will make it possible to successfully use sleepers according to the utility model in a wide range of climatic zones in the operation of a track for rail transport.

Sources of information:

1. Patent AT 506529 B1 IPC E01B 1/00, priority 03/06/2008, published 09/15/2009.

2. Patent DE 102013209495 B4, IPC E01B 3/00, priority 05/22/2013, published 11/27/2014.

3. Patent WO 2008122066 A1, E01B 3/46, priority 04/06/2007, published 10/16/2008 /prototype/.

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reference symbols and names of elements to which these symbols refer

Claims (10)

1. A sleeper (1) containing a polymer lining (3) embedded in its concrete base (2), consisting of a support layer (4) and a damping layer (5), characterized in that between the concrete base (2) and the support layer ( 4) of the polymer lining (3) zones of gaps (6) are formed, in which a damping layer (5) is located, formed in the form of a three-dimensional structure formed by cells (7) containing walls (8) embedded partially into the concrete base (2) and coupled with the bottoms (9) formed by the support layer (4) of the polymer lining (3). 2. Sleeper (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottoms (9) of the cells (7) are paired with the walls (8) along the radius (R). 3. The sleeper (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls (8) of the cells (7) of the polymer lining (3) are formed by solid partitions (10). 4. Sleeper (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that in said cells (7) of the polymer lining (3) the distances (f) between the partitions (10) do not exceed their height (h). 5. Sleeper (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that ribs (11) are made inside the said cells (7) of the polymer lining (3), conjugated with their bottoms (9). 6. Sleeper (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that inside the said cells (7) of the polymer lining (3) there are additional cells (12) formed by additional partitions (13), the height (k) of which is less than the height (h) partitions (10) cells (7). 7. Sleeper (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said gap zones (6) are filled with gas. 8. Sleeper (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said gap zones (6) are filled with porous elements (14). 9. The sleeper (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inside of the bottoms (9) of the cells (7) of the polymer lining (3) additional protrusions (15) are made, directed towards the mentioned concrete base (2) with the possibility contact with her. 10. Sleeper (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that said additional protrusions (15) of the polymer lining (3) are porous.

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