RU2121494C1 - Fuel composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: liquid fuels. SUBSTANCE: objective of invention is to produce all-purpose fuel composition based on low- octane gasoline and having improved anti-knock, anti-carbon deposit, and anti-smoke characteristics. Objective is achieved through using fuel composition based on stable gas gasoline with octane number 55-60 and containing, wt %: stable gas gasoline, 80-92.5; methyl tert-butyl ether, 7-15; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexanon, 0.25-2.3; 2,4-di- tert-butyl-6-methylphenol, 0.10-1.2; and N, NТ-dimethyl(2,4-di-tert- butyl-6-hydroxybenzyl)amine, 0.15-1.5. EFFECT: improved working characteristics. 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to automotive fuels and finds application in all industries related to the production or consumption of gasoline.

 The present application for the invention relates to a fuel composition / TK / based on unleaded low-octane gasoline / gas, stable / that meets modern environmental requirements, i.e. lead-free and iron-containing compounds as additives that improve the performance of base gasoline.

 It is widely known that high-octane, oxygen-containing compounds — oxygenates / benzene, aliphatic alcohols, esters, and mixtures thereof — are used as “environmentally friendly” additives in fuel. The introduction of up to 2% oxygenates in gasoline (in terms of oxygen) does not practically affect the power and efficiency of the engine, but reduces the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere with exhaust gases and increases the octane number of base gasoline / A. Gureev, T. N. Mitusova , Sokolov V.V. and others. "Prospects for the development of automotive fuels with improved environmental properties", "Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils", 1993, p. 4-6 /.

 These oxygen additives are introduced into gasoline as at the stages of its production / application 2594139. France, declared. 02.13.86 N 8602063, published 08.14.87 MKI C 10 G 69/12, AC Czechoslovakia 239142, decl. 12.22.83 N 9780-83, publ. 11.11.87, MKI C 10 G 45/62, and at the consumption stage.

 The introduction of a mixture of alcohols and ethers / 3-10% / increases the actan number of gasoline by 1-1.5 points / by the motor method /, and the introduction of 10% methyl tert-butyl ether / MTBE / - by 2 points "Petrol et techn.", 1987, N 335.5-8 /.

 The introduction of 20% MTBE in gasoline provides an increase in engine power by 30% and a decrease in CO content in exhaust gases by 43% / Osmon Mohsen M., Matar Mohamed Soml, Koreish Shereei // Fuel Sei and Technol. Jnt, -1993-11, N 10, c / 1331-1343 /.

 However, a significant increase in the octane number of gasoline due to the introduction of oxygenates cannot be achieved due to the existing quantitative restriction on them / 2-2.7% per oxygen /.

 To obtain improved anti-knock, environmental and other operational characteristics of gasoline, a combination of oxygen-containing and other compounds, for example, esters with alkyl phenols / Pat. US 4,812,146, publ. 04.03.89, t. 1100, N 2, MKI C 10 L 1/18, 1/06 /, with amine-containing compounds, with carboxylic acids / US Pat. U.S. 4,684,373, Nos. 07/31/86, N 89.11.26 publ. 08.04.87, MKI C 10 L 1/14 /.

 However, all known composite additives can increase the octane number of base gasolines no more than 3-3.5 points / m.m./ and do not solve the problems of using low-octane / gas condensate gasoline, for example, having a high sulfur content / as automobile fuel.

 Closest to the technical nature of the claimed is a fuel composition based on unleaded or unleaded gasoline containing as an anti-knock additive / methyl tert-alkyl ether / C2-C4 /, alkyl phenol and aromatic hydrocarbon / a.c. Czechoslovakia 240597, declared 12.11.84 N 255284, publ. 08.15.87, MKI C 10 L 1/18 /.

When using 2% additives containing 40% tar tar alkylphenol, 50% vol. MTBE and 10% toluene octane base gasoline increases by 1.9 points / m.m./
The disadvantage of the composition is a small increase in the octane number in relation to the source gasoline, a tendency to carbon formation.

 The aim of the alleged invention is to develop a fuel composition based on low-octane gasoline, having improved anti-knock, anti-stick characteristics.

This goal is achieved using a fuel composition containing stable gasoline with O.Ch. 55-60, MTBE, alkyl substituted phenols and cyclic ketone in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Stable gasoline (TU 39-1340-89) - 80-92.5
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) - 7-15
2-6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexanone 0.25-2.3
2,4-Di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenol - 0.10-1.2
N, N'-Dimethyl- / 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-hydroxybenzyl / amine - 0.15-1.5
The total content of the components of the additive in the TC is 7.5-20 wt.%
With a lower additive content, the composition is ineffective, with an additive content of more than 20 wt.%, A slight improvement in operational characteristics / increase in O.H., reduction in carbon formation and CO in exhaust gases / are not compensated by material costs.

 When the MTBE content is less than 7%, there is no improvement in the non-stick indicators of gasoline and the growth of O.Ch. is not satisfactory, the MTBE content> 15% is due to the existing quantitative restriction on oxygen-containing compounds in gasolines and economic considerations.

 When the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylhexane is less than 0.25 wt.%, An increase in O.H., a decrease in the tendency to carbonization, and a decrease in the CO content in the exhaust gases are insignificant.

 An increase in its content in the TCB of 2.3 wt.% Practically does not affect the performance of the TC.

When the content of 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methyl-phenol in the TC is less than 0.10 wt.%, The increase in O.H. is reduced, a smaller effect of reducing the tendency to carbon formation is achieved, the carbon surface is compacted with an increase in its content more than 1 , 2 wt.% There is a small increase in O.Ch., which is not justified by material costs, as in the case of an increase in the content of N, N'-dimethyl / 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-hydroxybenzyl / amine in TC more than 1, 5 wt.%
When the content of N, N'-dimethyl / 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-hydroxybenzyl / amine is less than 0.15 wt. % there is a decrease in the growth of O.Ch. and increasing CO emissions.

A composition with a minimum content of additive components is recommended for engines with low mileage, in good condition and when using gasoline with a lower sulfur content / not more than 0.05 wt.% /
For engines with a long service life, under extreme road conditions, in the absence of troubleshooting conditions / in the North /, when using gasoline with a sulfur content of up to 0.15 wt.%, It is recommended to use TC with a higher content of additive components.

 The inventive composition is prepared as follows: in gasoline according to TU 39-1340-89, the required amount of additive components are introduced in liquid form / 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexanone, and MTBE / and in powder form / other components /.

After stirring for 2-4 hours at 15-25 ^o C. TK is ready for use. The components of the additive are well compatible with gasoline and do not precipitate during storage.

 The composition is low toxic, gasoline belongs to compounds of the 4th hazard class, MPC-100 mg / cubic meter, MTBE - to compounds of the 3rd hazard class, MPC 150 mg / cubic meter. m. LD-2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenol and N, N'-dimethyl / 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-hydroxybenzyl / amine-2g / kg, MPC-50 mg / cube m.; MPC N, N'-dimethyl / 2,4-di-tert-butyl-hydroxybenzyl / amine-0.5 mg / cu. m., data on its LD was not found.

 In the table. 1 presents the test results of the claimed TC.

In examples 1-4, gasoline was used, stable, light gasoline according to TU 39-1340-89 with a total sulfur content of 0.03 wt.%, With an octane rating of 58.2 / m. m / m 61.4 / m /
In examples 5-7, stable stable gasoline was used, heavy according to TU 39-1340-89 with a sulfur content of 0.05 wt.%, With O.H. equal to 56.7 / m.m./ and 58.8 / and .m /
In examples 8-9, gas condensate gasoline of the Nizhnevartovsk gas condensate plant with a sulfur content of 0.15 wt.% Was used, the rest of its indicators comply with the requirements of TU 39-1340-89.

In example 10, gasoline was used as in example 1 and an additive of the prototype: MTBE, toluene and a fraction of alkyl phenols isolated from tar tar, boiling in the range of 195-205 ^o C, which corresponds to tar alkyl phenol.

MTBE according to TU 0000-412-05742686-95, experimental industrial samples of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexanone obtained by hydrogenation of ionol in the presence of Ni-alloy catalysts at 150 -170 ^o C at molar the ratio of ionol-hydrogen 1: 2.0: 2.1, pilot industrial designs
2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenol obtained by alkylation of orthocresol with isobutylene in the presence of acid catalysts and isolated by distillation at a temperature of 133 ^o C and 10 mm Hg

 N, N'-dimethyl / 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-hydroxybenzene / amine according to TU 38.103368-94, toluene according to GOST 5789-78.

 Antiknock characteristics, / O.Ch./ were determined by motor / m.m. / and research / im./ methods / GOST 511-82, GOST 8226-82 /.

 The tendency to carbonization was estimated by changing the gap between the electrodes of the spark plugs during 60-hour operation of the VAZ 2103 engine for five-hour cycles under various operating conditions and conditions of the engine and other vehicle systems.

 Measurements were made using the project "Light" with an increase of x100.CO in the exhaust gases was determined in laboratory and road conditions using a portable gas analyzer GAI-1.

 Physico-chemical parameters of base gasoline and fuel oil were determined by methods that meet the requirements of existing GOSTs / table 2/.

 The analysis of the test results shows that the octane number of the TC increases by 12.2-21.7 points / m.m./ compared to base gasoline containing from 0.03 to 0.15 wt.% Total sulfur / examples 1- 9 Table 1 /, the value of O. Ch. At the same time complies with the requirements of GOST 2084-77 "Gasoline for automobiles" for A-76 gasoline.

 At the same concentration in gasoline additives of the prototype, the increase in O.Ch. amounted to 3.2 / m / / and 4.6 / i.m / points / Example 10 of Table 1 /.

Tests in the laboratory under road conditions showed that it provides about a three-fold reduction in the CO content in the exhaust gases of light and heavy gasoline, which is gas stable and more than halves the CO content in the case of using gas condensate with a sulfur content of 0.15 wt.%
TC shows a significant tendency to reduce carbon formation. Over 60 hours of testing, the decrease in the gap between the electrodes of the spark plugs was from 13% / with a minimum content of the additive in the TC / up to 6 rel.% / At its maximum content /.

 In the case of the use of base gasoline / light and heavy / the gap reduction was 20 rel.% / Example 1.5 table 1 /, and when using the additive on the prototype - 16.5% / example 10 table 1 /.

 Moreover, the "kinetics" of the formation of TC differs from the base gasoline and TC in the prototype - the largest decrease in the gap in the case of the claimed TC is observed in the first engine cycles / 5-6-five-hour cycles /, then the equilibrium state of the increase in the mass of carbon is achieved with a slight decrease in the gap between electrodes of spark plugs. In the case of the use of base gasoline / example 1,5 / and TK of the prototype / example 10 /, a uniform change in this indicator is observed in all 12 test cycles.

 This explains the long non-stop operation of the engine ignition system in the case of using the inventive TC, which is especially important in extreme conditions of operation of the car.

 The physicochemical parameters of the claimed TC are at the level of base gasoline and meet the requirements of TU / 39-1340-89, and the anti-knock characteristics of the TC satisfy the requirements of GOST 2085-77 for gasoline of automobile grade A-76.

 Thus, the claimed TC allows you to solve the problem of the possible use of gas condensate gasoline as automobile fuel.

Claims (1)

Unleaded gasoline fuel composition containing methyl tert-butyl ether, alkyl phenol as an antiknock additive, characterized in that it additionally contains 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-cyclohexanone and N, N'-dimethyl (2,4-Ditretbutyl-6-hydroxybenzyl) amine and as alkylphenol-2,4-ditretbutyl-6-methyl-phenol in the following ratio, wt.%:
Stable gasoline - 80.0 - 92.5
Methyl tert-butyl ether - 7.0 - 15.0
2,6-Ditret-butyl-4-methylcyclohexanone 0.25 -2.3
2,4-Ditret-butyl-6-methylphenol - 0.1 - 1.2
N, N'-Dimethyl- (2,4-ditretbutyl-6-hydroxybenzyl) -amine - 0.15 - 1.51

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