IE66401B1 - A fuel mixture a process for its production and its use - Google Patents
A fuel mixture a process for its production and its useInfo
- Publication number
- IE66401B1 IE66401B1 IE921671A IE921671A IE66401B1 IE 66401 B1 IE66401 B1 IE 66401B1 IE 921671 A IE921671 A IE 921671A IE 921671 A IE921671 A IE 921671A IE 66401 B1 IE66401 B1 IE 66401B1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- fuel mixture
- oil
- gasoline
- volume
- diesel
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention concerns a fuel mixture containing at least one vegetable and/or animal oil, at least one aliphatic alcohol with 1-5 C-atoms and petrol, and which can be produced by mixing these components together. This fuel mixture is suitable for use in any kind of diesel engine without the need to undertake any conversion work, as well as being usable as heating oil.
Description
The invention relates to a fuel mixture, a process for its production and the use of this fuel mixture for diesel engines and as heating oil.
Conventional liquid fuels for internal combustion engines consist of mixtures of hydrocarbons and are mainly obtained from mineral oil. In view of the limited crude oil resources and the price development in crude oil, there is a need for fuels in which the gasoline hydrocarbons at-least partly replaced by raw ..u 4 «k WAA J-kAA — US — as a. cs. uu v animal or vegetable origin. Due to a drastic reduction portion of the biologically not decomposable hydrocarbons, the risk oi connected with- a possible considerably reduced. environmental leaking out of pollution fuels is As is shown by GB-PS 13 6 452 attempts have already been made since the beginning of this century to replace hydrocabons in fuels by alcohols, free fatty acids obtained from vegetable oils serving as mixing intermediaries.
Fuel mixtures for internal combustion engines with carburettor are described in DE-OS 24 41 737, which consist of a hydrocarbon mixture (regular gasoline or premium grade gasoline) and a mixture of an alcohol with 1 to 4 c-atoms and water and possibly 0.1 to 2% by weight of a vegetable oil which also serves as a mixing intermediary. . 2 6 6 4 01 DE-PS 31 49 170 and 31 50 988 describe diesed fuels, in which up to 9 0% of the hydrocarbons are replaced oy alkyl fatty acid esters of vegetable oils and which ‘ also contain alcohols with up to five carbon atoms.
However, it is essential here to completely convert the ’ oils obtained from plants to alkyl· fatty acid esters, in particular methyl fatty acid esters, which means, on the one hand, a high expenditure, on the other hand, a large volume of glycerine which is difficult to utilize. The hydrocarbon mixture of DE"PS 49 170 is -a classical gas oil, i.e. a petroleum fraction. The diesel fuel mixtures of DE-PS 31 50 988 - may possibly contain 0.1 to 5% by weight of an ignition accelerator.
Said diesel fuels which are used in agricultural tractors have cloud points which are not below -15°C, due to which they can only be used to a very limited degree in winter.
-° Attempts have also already been made to use non-reesterified vegetable oils such as rape oil as fuels in internal combustion engines.
US-PS 4359324 discloses a diesel fuel consisting of 25 -5 to 75% of a butyl alcohol and 75 to 25% of a vegetable oil. US-PS 4557734 discloses a diesel fuel consisting of vegetable oil, methanol or ethanol and a straight chain octanol. US-PS 4509953 discloses a diesel fuel consisting of 70 to 90 Vol%, gas oil or heavy oil 5θ respectively, 10 to 30 Vol% Ethanol and up to 30 Vol% light gasoline.
However, the use of these fuels always required extensive modification measures with respect to the engines operated with them. Due to these tests the general prejudice was corroborated that it is impossible to operate engines intended for operation with mineral fuels with fuels having a high share of fatty oils without modification measures. -3It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel mixture in which fatty oils can be used as raw materials which grow again, which has an improved cloud point, is largely biologically decomposable and can be I t used in all types of diesel engines without any modification measures. Moreover, it should be at least equivalent to mineral diesel fuels as regards running performance and to avoid wear phenomena .
According to the present invention this object is attained by a fuel mixture, which contains 60-88% by volume of a) / at least- one vegetable and/or animal oil, 6-20% by volume of , J . , n ... b) / at least one straight-chain or branched monoalcohol with to 5 C-atoms and 6-20% by volume of c) / gasoline.
Said fuel mixture is preferably used as fuel for diesel engines or as heating oil.
Examples of the vegetable and/or animal oils used as component a) in the fuel mixture according to the invention are rape oil, soybean oil, cotton oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, corn oil, almond oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, mustard oil and fish oils. Rape oil which is a mixture of fatty acids partly esterified' with glycerine is used with preference as component a) , since a large quantity of it is available and it can be obtained in simpls fashion from rape seeds by means of pressing. The used , . rape oil/can be mixed into the fuel mixture according to the invention both crudely pressed and degummed and -4as a raffinate. A conversion to alkyl esters as it is required in DE-PS 31 49 170 and 31 50 988 is not necessary. Due to the omission of this process step it becomes possible to market diesel fuel^, which are biologically decomposable^ Lo α great extent directly from agricultural production without there being further energy costs and waste materials such as glycerine. The weight share of the component a) in the fuel mixture according to the invention is suitably 60 to 88% by volume; it is preferably between 65 and 85% by volume and particularly preferred between 70 and 80% by volume. aliphatic monoalcohols ' Both straight-chain and branched J with 1 to 5 C-atoms can be used as component b) in the fuel mixture according to the invention. Isopropanol is especially preferred.
Ethanol can also be used, which, like the °^s used, can be produced in agricultural production. The weight share of the component b) in the fuel mixture according to the invention is preferably 6 to 20% by volume; it is in particular between 10 and 15% by volume. whatever Any gasoline/can be used as gasoline component c) in the fuel mixture according to the invention, e.g. regular gasoline or premium-grade gasoline; however, test gasoline is used with preference. Test gasoline is the designation for refined gasolines with a boiling point of 130 to 220°C and a flash point ascertained according to Abel-Pensky of > 2l°C (cf. DIN 51 632, November 1981, draft February 1986) . The test gasoline used according to the invention can e.g. have an octane rating of 120 to 140. The weight share of the gasoline?* component c) is preferably 6 to 20% by volume; it is in particular between 10 and 15% by volume. -5Customary additives can also be added the fuel mixture according to the invention. Up to 1% by volume of diethyl ether is preferably added as starting aid for the operation of diesel engines in winter.
The fuel mixture according to the invention which is produced by mixing the components a) , b) and. c) can be used in all diesel engines without a special retrofitting to the new fuel being necessary. Accordingly, the fuel mixture according to the invention can e.g. serve for operating diesel engines in cars, trucks, agricultural and forestry machines, stand-by units, pumps and ships. These engines can be operated alternatingly with the fuel mixture according to the invention an customary mineral diesel fuels, a high mobility being in particular achieved for cars and trucks. m onoalcohols The I used as component b) in the fuel mixture according to the invention, in particular the isopropanol, serve as anti-coking agent for piston rings and valve seats. The gasoline added as additive leads to the clarification of the mixture and leads to an improved ignition performance of the fuel mixture, test gasoline supplying the best values. A good ignition performance of the fuels means an advantageous starting behaviour and a smooth running of the diesel, engine due to a short mixture preparation time or a short ignition delay; in the case of a long ignition delay, the known ’’diesel knock is audible.
If exhaust gas tests are carried out for the fuel mixture according to the invention used in diesel engines, the values obtained both for hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides -and for carbon monoxide are far below the values required by the presently valid European -6standard for diesel exhaust gases, <7. <> ν V·» > * t— ’S- r·*·» e· V» /-» <*» C* «-.«rKaAUViw w »^*-X k_* The sulphur dioxide negligeably small as compared with the usual values of customary, mineral diesel fuels, ponents are practically free from 0.15% in the case of since the used cornsulphur .
The fuel mixture according to the invention can also be used at low temperatures without any problems such as occur in winter and in elevated regions, because its cloud point reaches values up to -28°C, and/the mixture does not flocculate at lower temperatures. This leads to a substantially broader applicability as compared with the known diesel fuels on the basis of vegetable and animal fats.
The following examples a a id tests explain the invention Production examples l to 5: The fuel mixtures according to the invention were produced by simple mixing 1) % by volume Castor oil 80 Ethanol 10 Regular gasoline 10 2) Rape oil Isopropanol Test gasoline 75 12.5 12.5 -73) Sunflower oil Isopropanol Test gasoline %_by volume 73 13.5 13.5 4) Rape oil 76 Isopropanol ~ 11 Test gasoline 13 ) Rape oil 74 Isopropanol 12 Test gasoline -12 Methanol 2 Tests in the diesel engine: The fuel mixtures according to the invention were tested in diesel engines of different construction during normal operation. Production vehicles were concerned which were not modified in their construction. The piston displacement of the tested engines was between 1.6 1 and 3.0 1. All fuels mentioned in the examples 1) to 5) were used in the vehicles.
These tests did not result in any functional disturbance. Examinations of the exhaust gas values of a car 300 D-turbo after driving cycle ECE 15.04 showed that the emission values are below the boundary values of the European standard for vehicles of this construction. -810 Table 1 shows the exhaust gas values ascertained for the fuel mixture according _ to the invention according to example 2 (test results in the driving cycle).
Table 1 (ECE 15.04) Measuring values (g/testJ for fuel mixture 2 according to invention Boundary value [g/test] Typifying Series CO 7.12 30.00 36.00 HC FID 1.51 - - ΝΟχ 3.46 - - HC + ΝΟχ - 4.96 8.00 10.00 Particles 1.266 1.10 1.30
Claims (6)
1.) A fuel mixture containing a) 50 - 88% by volume of at least one vegetable and/or animal oil, 5 b) 5 - 20% by volume of at least one straight-chain or branched/monoalcohol with ί to 5 C atoms and c) 6 - 20% by volume of gasoline.
2. A fuel mixture according to claim 1, characterised in that component a) is rape oil. / 10
3. ,. A fuel mixture according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that component b) is isopropanol.
4. A fuel mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that component c) is test gasoline.
5.. Use of the fuel mixture according to any one of claims 15 i to 4 as fuel for diesel engines or as heating oil.
6. A fuel mixture as defined in Claim 1, substantially as described
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4116905A DE4116905C1 (en) | 1991-05-23 | 1991-05-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IE921671A1 IE921671A1 (en) | 1992-12-02 |
| IE66401B1 true IE66401B1 (en) | 1995-12-27 |
Family
ID=6432292
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE921671A IE66401B1 (en) | 1991-05-23 | 1992-07-01 | A fuel mixture a process for its production and its use |
Country Status (24)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0587654B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06510804A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1066871A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE126262T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU1923392A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9206047A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2109840A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ250693A3 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4116905C1 (en) |
| EC (1) | ECSP920833A (en) |
| HU (1) | HUT66425A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE66401B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL101919A0 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9202451A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY108334A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ242871A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL168837B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT100510B (en) |
| SI (1) | SI9200086A (en) |
| UY (1) | UY23416A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992020761A1 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU53092A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA923754B (en) |
| ZW (1) | ZW7592A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4333418C1 (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1994-10-13 | Tessol Kraftstoffe Mineraloele | Fuel mixture |
| FR2728267B1 (en) * | 1994-12-14 | 1997-03-14 | Total Raffinage Distribution | NEW FUEL BASED ON VEGETABLE OIL AND AN OIL CUT RICH IN AROMATIC COMPOUNDS |
| IT1268891B1 (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1997-03-13 | Alpha Trading Spa | LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FUELS. |
| US6447557B1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2002-09-10 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Diesel fuel composition |
| US6458176B2 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2002-10-01 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Diesel fuel composition |
| US6716258B2 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2004-04-06 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Fuel composition |
| US6447558B1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2002-09-10 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Diesel fuel composition |
| US7279018B2 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2007-10-09 | Fortum Oyj | Fuel composition for a diesel engine |
| US8022258B2 (en) | 2005-07-05 | 2011-09-20 | Neste Oil Oyj | Process for the manufacture of diesel range hydrocarbons |
| WO2008020551A1 (en) | 2006-08-18 | 2008-02-21 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Method of treating biomass, fuel for fuel cell, gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, and synthetic resin |
| KR101025406B1 (en) | 2007-01-11 | 2011-03-28 | 네모토 프로젝트 인더스트리 캄파니 리미티드 | Method for treating fuel oil |
| FR2924438B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2009-12-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | FUEL COMPOSITIONS HAVING A HIGH CONTENT OF ETHANOL |
| US8575409B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2013-11-05 | Syntroleum Corporation | Method for the removal of phosphorus |
| US20090300971A1 (en) | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-10 | Ramin Abhari | Biorenewable naphtha |
| US8581013B2 (en) | 2008-06-04 | 2013-11-12 | Syntroleum Corporation | Biorenewable naphtha composition and methods of making same |
| US8231804B2 (en) | 2008-12-10 | 2012-07-31 | Syntroleum Corporation | Even carbon number paraffin composition and method of manufacturing same |
| US8394900B2 (en) | 2010-03-18 | 2013-03-12 | Syntroleum Corporation | Profitable method for carbon capture and storage |
| US9328303B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-05-03 | Reg Synthetic Fuels, Llc | Reducing pressure drop buildup in bio-oil hydroprocessing reactors |
| US8969259B2 (en) | 2013-04-05 | 2015-03-03 | Reg Synthetic Fuels, Llc | Bio-based synthetic fluids |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2010005A (en) * | 1932-04-06 | 1935-08-06 | Du Pont | Motor fuel |
| DE2441737A1 (en) * | 1974-08-30 | 1976-03-11 | Gerhard Goldmann | Liquid hydrocarbon motor fuels - contg alcohol-water mixts., to reduce combustion residues and save fuel |
| JPS5939000B2 (en) * | 1979-07-04 | 1984-09-20 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | fuel composition |
| NZ194219A (en) * | 1980-04-10 | 1982-03-16 | Yanmar Diesel Engine Co | Diesel fuel containing an alcohol gas oil and castor oil |
| US4359324A (en) * | 1981-03-27 | 1982-11-16 | Elsea Jr Hugh R | Diesel engine fuel composition and use of same for operating diesel engines |
| JPS58208391A (en) * | 1982-05-31 | 1983-12-05 | Komatsu Ltd | Alcohol blend fuel for diesel engine |
| US4557734A (en) * | 1984-08-08 | 1985-12-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Microemulsions from vegetable oil and lower alcohol with octanol surfactant as alternative fuel for diesel engines |
-
1991
- 1991-05-23 DE DE4116905A patent/DE4116905C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-05-13 MY MYPI92000809A patent/MY108334A/en unknown
- 1992-05-15 ZW ZW75/92A patent/ZW7592A1/en unknown
- 1992-05-15 EC EC1992000833A patent/ECSP920833A/en unknown
- 1992-05-19 AU AU19233/92A patent/AU1923392A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-05-19 CA CA002109840A patent/CA2109840A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-05-19 EP EP92911317A patent/EP0587654B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-19 WO PCT/EP1992/001102 patent/WO1992020761A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-05-19 JP JP4510409A patent/JPH06510804A/en active Pending
- 1992-05-19 IL IL101919A patent/IL101919A0/en unknown
- 1992-05-19 CN CN92102922A patent/CN1066871A/en active Pending
- 1992-05-19 HU HU9303305A patent/HUT66425A/en unknown
- 1992-05-19 DE DE59203242T patent/DE59203242D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-05-19 PL PL92301375A patent/PL168837B1/en unknown
- 1992-05-19 CZ CS932506A patent/CZ250693A3/en unknown
- 1992-05-19 BR BR9206047A patent/BR9206047A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-05-19 AT AT92911317T patent/ATE126262T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-20 YU YU53092A patent/YU53092A/en unknown
- 1992-05-20 UY UY23416A patent/UY23416A1/en unknown
- 1992-05-21 PT PT100510A patent/PT100510B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-22 NZ NZ242871A patent/NZ242871A/en unknown
- 1992-05-22 ZA ZA923754A patent/ZA923754B/en unknown
- 1992-05-22 SI SI19929200086A patent/SI9200086A/en unknown
- 1992-05-22 MX MX9202451A patent/MX9202451A/en unknown
- 1992-07-01 IE IE921671A patent/IE66401B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HUT66425A (en) | 1994-11-28 |
| UY23416A1 (en) | 1992-05-26 |
| BR9206047A (en) | 1995-05-30 |
| EP0587654B1 (en) | 1995-08-09 |
| SI9200086A (en) | 1992-11-27 |
| EP0587654A1 (en) | 1994-03-23 |
| HU9303305D0 (en) | 1994-03-28 |
| WO1992020761A1 (en) | 1992-11-26 |
| PT100510B (en) | 1999-07-30 |
| IE921671A1 (en) | 1992-12-02 |
| ATE126262T1 (en) | 1995-08-15 |
| MY108334A (en) | 1996-09-30 |
| PL168837B1 (en) | 1996-04-30 |
| CN1066871A (en) | 1992-12-09 |
| ZW7592A1 (en) | 1992-09-23 |
| CA2109840A1 (en) | 1992-11-26 |
| DE59203242D1 (en) | 1995-09-14 |
| DE4116905C1 (en) | 1992-08-13 |
| ECSP920833A (en) | 1993-07-29 |
| MX9202451A (en) | 1994-06-30 |
| AU1923392A (en) | 1992-12-30 |
| JPH06510804A (en) | 1994-12-01 |
| CZ250693A3 (en) | 1994-04-13 |
| YU53092A (en) | 1994-06-24 |
| IL101919A0 (en) | 1992-12-30 |
| PT100510A (en) | 1993-10-29 |
| ZA923754B (en) | 1992-12-30 |
| NZ242871A (en) | 1993-09-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Patent lapsed |